这是我参与「第五届青训营 」伴学笔记创作活动的第 1天

01.Go语言基础

介绍了go语言的背景和特性，

02配置go语言的开发环境

在官网上下载go语言 https://go.dev/

下载编译器www.jetbrains.com/zh-cn/go/

03go语言语法

变量声明

var a = "initial"

var b, c int = 1, 2

var d = true

var e float64

f := float32(e)

g := a + "foo"
fmt.Println(a, b, c, d, e, f) // initial 1 2 true 0 0
fmt.Println(g)                // initialapple

const s string = "constant"
const h = 500000000
const i = 3e20 / h
fmt.Println(s, h, i, math.Sin(h), math.Sin(i))

if else

if 7%2 == 0 {
   fmt.Println("7 is even")
} else {
   fmt.Println("7 is odd")
}

if 8%4 == 0 {
   fmt.Println("8 is divisible by 4")
}

if num := 9; num < 0 {
   fmt.Println(num, "is negative")
} else if num < 10 {
   fmt.Println(num, "has 1 digit")
} else {
   fmt.Println(num, "has multiple digits")
}

循环语句

for {
   fmt.Println("loop")
   break
}
for j := 7; j < 9; j++ {
   fmt.Println(j)
}

for n := 0; n < 5; n++ {
   if n%2 == 0 {
      continue
   }
   fmt.Println(n)
}
for i <= 3 {
   fmt.Println(i)
   i = i + 1
}

字符串格式化

04 go语言实战案例

01.猜谜游戏，生成随机数

通过每次输入的数组，程序判断这个数字是大了还是小了，对你进行相应的提示

func main() {
   maxNum := 100
   rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
   secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
   // fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)

   fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
   reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
   for {
      input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
      if err != nil {
         fmt.Println("An error occured while reading input. Please try again", err)
         continue
      }
      input = strings.Trim(input, "\r\n")

      guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
      if err != nil {
         fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
         continue
      }
      fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
      if guess > secretNumber {
         fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than the secret number. Please try again")
      } else if guess < secretNumber {
         fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than the secret number. Please try again")
      } else {
         fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
         break
      }
   }
}

02.在线词典

程序通过请求第三方的网络接口，然后发起请求，最后再解析出响应的数据，完成词典的功能。

package main

import (
   "bytes"
   "encoding/json"
   "fmt"
   "io/ioutil"
   "log"
   "net/http"
   "os"
)

type DictRequest struct {
   TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
   Source    string `json:"source"`
   UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}

type DictResponse struct {
   Rc   int `json:"rc"`
   Wiki struct {
      KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
      Description     struct {
         Source string      `json:"source"`
         Target interface{} `json:"target"`
      } `json:"description"`
      ID   string `json:"id"`
      Item struct {
         Source string `json:"source"`
         Target string `json:"target"`
      } `json:"item"`
      ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
      IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
      Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
   } `json:"wiki"`
   Dictionary struct {
      Prons struct {
         EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
         En   string `json:"en"`
      } `json:"prons"`
      Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
      Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
      Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
      WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
      Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
      Type         string        `json:"type"`
      Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
      Source       string        `json:"source"`
   } `json:"dictionary"`
}

func query(word string) {
   client := &http.Client{}
   request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
   buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
   req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
   req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
   req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
   req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
   req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
   req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
   req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
   req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
   req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
   req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
   req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
   req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
   req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
   req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
   req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
   req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
   resp, err := client.Do(req)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   defer resp.Body.Close()
   bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
      log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
   }
   var dictResponse DictResponse
   err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
   if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
   }
   fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
   for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
      fmt.Println(item)
   }
}

func main() {
   if len(os.Args) != 2 {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORD
example: simpleDict hello
      `)
      os.Exit(1)
   }
   word := os.Args[1]
   query(word)
}