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什么是RESTFul?(摘自百度百科)
REST(英文:Representational State Transfer,简称REST)描述了一个架构样式的网络系统,比如 web 应用程序。它首次出现在 2000 年 Roy Fielding 的博士论文中,Roy Fielding是 HTTP 规范的主要编写者之一。在目前主流的三种Web服务交互方案中,REST相比于SOAP(Simple Object Access protocol,简单对象访问协议)以及XML-RPC更加简单明了,无论是对URL的处理还是对Payload的编码,REST都倾向于用更加简单轻量的方法设计和实现。值得注意的是REST并没有一个明确的标准,而更像是一种设计的风格。
实际操作:
文档结构:
springMVC.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 开启组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="demo.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
<property name="order" value="1"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="templateEngine">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
<property name="templateResolver">
<bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
<!-- 视图前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
<!-- 视图后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
<property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
<property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 视图控制器,没有控制器也可以跳转到首页,适用于仅仅用来实现页面跳转,没有任何请求处理的过程-->
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"></mvc:view-controller>
<!-- 开启mvc的注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:view-controller path="/test_rest" view-name="test_rest"></mvc:view-controller>
</beans>
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
//配置编码过滤器
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
//配置springMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet
<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
首先是GET和POST的模拟,比较简单,就直接贴代码了:
UserController.java:
package demo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
/**
* RESTFul模拟用户资源的增删改查
*
* /user GET 查询所有用户信息
* /user/1 GET 根据用户id查询信息
* /user POST 添加用户信息
* /user PUT 修改用户信息
* /user DELETE 删除所有用户信息
* /user/1 DELETE 根据id删除用户信息
*/
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getAllUser(){
System.out.println("查询所有用户信息");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getUserById(){
System.out.println("根据用户id查询信息");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String addUser(String username,String password){
System.out.println("添加用户信息成功,用户名:"+username+" 密码:"+password);
return "success";
}
}
test_view.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a th:href="@{/user}">查询所有用户信息</a>
<a th:href="@{/user/1}">根据id查询用户信息</a>
<form th:action="@{user}" method="post">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密 码: <input type="password" name="password"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="增加"> <br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.html(用来作为成功跳转的判断):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
success
</body>
</html>
运行起来测试一下:
只是简单模拟,页面比较丑
点击 查询:
成功跳转,控制台也有输出:
再退回来点击根据id查询:
成功跳转,路径也正确,控制台也有输出:
再退回来把表单填写完整,点击增加:
由于浏览器只支持发送get和post方式的请求,那么该如何发送put和delete请求呢?
SpringMVC 提供了 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 帮助我们将 POST 请求转换为 DELETE 或 PUT 请求
HiddenHttpMethodFilter 处理put和delete请求的条件:
a>当前请求的请求方式必须为post
b>当前请求必须传输请求参数_method
满足以上条件,HiddenHttpMethodFilter 过滤器就会将当前请求的请求方式转换为请求参数_method的值,因此请求参数_method的值才是最终的请求方式
先在web.xml中注册HiddenHttpMethodFilter
<!-- 配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter-->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<form th:action="@{user}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> <br>
密 码: <input type="password" name="password"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="修改"> <br>
</form>
<form th:action="@{user/1}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
用户名: <input type="text" name="username"> <br>
<input type="submit" value="删除"> <br>
</form>
注意,隐藏的input标签中的value才是真正的请求参数
@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String updateUser(String username,String password){
System.out.println("修改用户信息成功,用户名:"+username+" 密码:"+password);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteUser(String username){
System.out.println("删除用户信息成功,用户名:"+username);
return "success";
}
控制器和前面大致相同
测试一下: