SpringMVC学习（七）：SpringMVC的视图

玉面大蛟龙
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SpringMVC中的视图是View接口，视图的作用是渲染数据，将模型Model中的数据展示给用户

SpringMVC视图的种类很多，默认有转发视图和重定向视图

当工程引入jstl的依赖，转发视图会自动转换为JstlView

若使用的视图技术为Thymeleaf，在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置了Thymeleaf的视图解析器，由此视图解析器之后所得到的是ThymeleafvView

1、ThymeleafView：

    当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称没有任何前缀时，此时的视图名称会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析，视图名称拼接视图前缀和视图后缀所得到的的最终路径，会通过转发的方式实现跳转

文档结构：

image.png

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
 
 
    //配置编码过滤器
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
 
    //配置springMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

springMVC.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
 
 
<!--    开启组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="demo.controller"></context:component-scan>
 
    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
 
                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
 
                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
 
</beans>

编写ViewController.java:

package demo.controller;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 
@Controller
public class ViewController {
 
    @RequestMapping("/testThymeleafView")
    public String testThymeleafView(){
        return "success";
    }
}

编写view_test.html，作为入口：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 
    <a th:href="@{testThymeleafView}">测试ThymeleafView</a>
</body>
</html>

成功跳转到的页面success.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 
    success
    
</body>
</html>

view_test.html的入口index.html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 
    <h1 th:href="@{/index}">首页</h1>
    <a th:href="@{/testModelAndView}">测试ModelAndView</a>    <br>
    <a th:href="@{/testModel}">测试Model</a>   <br>
    <a th:href="@{/testMap}">测试Map</a>   <br>
    <a th:href="@{/testModelMap}">测试ModelMap</a>   <br>
    <a th:href="@{/testSession}">测试Session</a>   <br>
    <a th:href="@{/testApplication}">测试Application</a>   <br>
    <a th:href="@{/test_view}">测试ThymeleafView</a>   <br>
 
</body>
</html>

专门用来处理跳转的控制器TestController.java:

package demo.controller;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Map;
 
@Controller
public class TestController {
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/")
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }
 
 
     @RequestMapping(value = "/test_view")
    public String test_view(){
        return "test_view";
     }
 
 
}

运行：

先进入首页：

image.png

点击 测试ThymeleafView：

TestController使他跳转到test_view.html

image.png

再点击：

image.png

ViewController使他跳转到success.html

2、转发视图

SpringMVC中默认的转发视图是InternalResourceView

当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"forward:"为前缀时，创建InternalResourceView视图，此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析，而是会将前缀"forward:"去掉，剩余部分作为最终路径通过转发的方式实现跳转

ViewController.java:

package demo.controller;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 
@Controller
public class ViewController {
 
    @RequestMapping("/testThymeleafView")
    public String testThymeleafView(){
        //没有前缀，会被ThymeLeafView解析
        return "success";
    }
 
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/testForward")
    public String testForward(){
        //转发给上面的方法testThymeleafView()
        return "forward:/testThymeleafView";
    }
 
   
}

test_view.html:

<a th:href="@{testForward}">测试Forward</a>   <br>

运行结果：

image.png

3、重定向视图：

SpringMVC中默认的重定向视图是RedirectView

当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"redirect:"为前缀时，创建RedirectView视图，此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析，而是会将前缀"redirect:"去掉，剩余部分作为最终路径通过重定向的方式实现跳转

package demo.controller;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 
@Controller
public class ViewController {
 
    @RequestMapping("/testThymeleafView")
    public String testThymeleafView(){
        //没有前缀，会被ThymeLeafView解析
        return "success";
    }
 
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/testForward")
    public String testForward(){
        //转发给上面的方法testThymeleafView()
        return "forward:/testThymeleafView";
    }
 
    @RequestMapping(value = "/testRedirect")
    public String testRedirect(){
        //重定向给上面的方法testThymeleafView()
        return "redirect:/testThymeleafView";
    }
}

   <a th:href="@{testRedirect}">测试Redirect</a>   <br>

运行结果：

注意：这里的地址栏与转发请求的不同

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