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并发编程-共享模型之工具（一）介绍了自定义线程池和系统自带的线程池。本篇继续介绍系统自带的线程池工具类创建的线程池。

newCachedThreadPool

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

特点

核心线程数是 0，最大线程数是 Integer.MAX_VALUE，救急线程的空闲生存时间是 60s，
- 意味着全部都是救急线程（60s 后可以回收）
- 救急线程可以无限创建
队列采用了 SynchronousQueue 实现特点是，它没有容量，没有线程来取是放不进去的（一手交钱、一手交货）

SynchronousQueue<Integer> integers = new SynchronousQueue<>();
new Thread(() -> {
    try {
        log.debug("putting {} ", 1);
        integers.put(1);
        log.debug("{} putted...", 1);
        log.debug("putting...{} ", 2);
        integers.put(2);
        log.debug("{} putted...", 2);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
},"t1").start();
sleep(1);
new Thread(() -> {
    try {
        log.debug("taking {}", 1);
        integers.take();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
},"t2").start();
sleep(1);
new Thread(() -> {
    try {
        log.debug("taking {}", 2);
        integers.take();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
},"t3").start();

输出

11:48:15.500 c.TestSynchronousQueue [t1] - putting 1 
11:48:16.500 c.TestSynchronousQueue [t2] - taking 1 
11:48:16.500 c.TestSynchronousQueue [t1] - 1 putted... 
11:48:16.500 c.TestSynchronousQueue [t1] - putting...2 
11:48:17.502 c.TestSynchronousQueue [t3] - taking 2 
11:48:17.503 c.TestSynchronousQueue [t1] - 2 putted...

**评价** 整个线程池表现为线程数会根据任务量不断增长，没有上限，当任务执行完毕，空闲 1分钟后释放线 程。 适合任务数比较密集，但每个任务执行时间较短的情况

newSingleThreadExecuto

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}

使用场景：

希望多个任务排队执行。线程数固定为 1，任务数多于 1 时，会放入无界队列排队。任务执行完毕，这唯一的线程也不会被释放。

区别：

自己创建一个单线程串行执行任务，如果任务执行失败而终止那么没有任何补救措施，而线程池还会新建一个线程，保证池的正常工作
Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor() 线程个数始终为1，不能修改
- FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService 应用的是装饰器模式，在调用构造方法时将ThreadPoolExecutor对象传给了内部的ExecutorService接口。只对外暴露了 ExecutorService 接口，因此不能调用 ThreadPoolExecutor 中特有的方法，也不能重新设置线程池的大小。
Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1) 初始时为1，以后还可以修改
- 对外暴露的是 ThreadPoolExecutor 对象，可以强转后调用 setCorePoolSize 等方法进行修改

提交任务

// 执行任务
void execute(Runnable command);
// 提交任务 task，用返回值 Future 获得任务执行结果
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
// 提交 tasks 中所有任务
<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
    throws InterruptedException;
// 提交 tasks 中所有任务，带超时时间，时间超时后，会放弃执行后面的任务
<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
                              long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
    throws InterruptedException;
// 提交 tasks 中所有任务，哪个任务先成功执行完毕，返回此任务执行结果，其它任务取消
<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
    throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
// 提交 tasks 中所有任务，哪个任务先成功执行完毕，返回此任务执行结果，其它任务取消，带超时时间
<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
                long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
    throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;

测试submit

private static void method1(ExecutorService pool) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    Future<String> future = pool.submit(() -> {
        log.debug("running");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        return "ok";
    });

    log.debug("{}", future.get());
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
    method1(pool);
}

测试结果

18:36:58.033 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - running
18:36:59.034 c.TestSubmit [main] - ok

测试invokeAll

private static void method2(ExecutorService pool) throws InterruptedException {
    List<Future<String>> futures = pool.invokeAll(Arrays.asList(
        () -> {
            log.debug("begin");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            return "1";
        },
        () -> {
            log.debug("begin");
            Thread.sleep(500);
            return "2";
        },
        () -> {
            log.debug("begin");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            return "3";
        }
    ));

    futures.forEach( f ->  {
        try {
            log.debug("{}", f.get());
        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    });
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
    method2(pool);
}

测试结果

19:33:16.530 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - begin
19:33:17.530 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - begin
19:33:18.040 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - begin
19:33:20.051 c.TestSubmit [main] - 1
19:33:20.051 c.TestSubmit [main] - 2
19:33:20.051 c.TestSubmit [main] - 3

测试invokeAny

private static void method3(ExecutorService pool) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    String result = pool.invokeAny(Arrays.asList(
        () -> {
            log.debug("begin 1");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            log.debug("end 1");
            return "1";
        },
        () -> {
            log.debug("begin 2");
            Thread.sleep(500);
            log.debug("end 2");
            return "2";
        },
        () -> {
            log.debug("begin 3");
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            log.debug("end 3");
            return "3";
        }
    ));
    log.debug("{}", result);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
    //ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
    method3(pool);
}

测试结果

19:44:46.314 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - begin 1
19:44:46.314 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-3] - begin 3
19:44:46.314 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-2] - begin 2
19:44:46.817 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-2] - end 2
19:44:46.817 c.TestSubmit [main] - 2

19:47:16.063 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - begin 1
19:47:17.063 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - end 1
19:47:17.063 c.TestSubmit [pool-1-thread-1] - begin 2
19:47:17.063 c.TestSubmit [main] - 1

关闭线程池

shutdown

/*
线程池状态变为 SHUTDOWN
- 不会接收新任务
- 但已提交任务会执行完
- 此方法不会阻塞调用线程的执行
*/
void shutdown();

public void shutdown() {
    final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    mainLock.lock();
    try {
        checkShutdownAccess();
        // 修改线程池状态
        advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
        // 仅会打断空闲线程
        interruptIdleWorkers();
        onShutdown(); // 扩展点 ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
    } finally {
        mainLock.unlock();
    }
    // 尝试终结(没有运行的线程可以立刻终结，如果还有运行的线程也不会等)
    tryTerminate();
}

shutdownNow

/*
线程池状态变为 STOP
- 不会接收新任务
- 会将队列中的任务返回
- 并用 interrupt 的方式中断正在执行的任务
*/
List<Runnable> shutdownNow();

public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
    List<Runnable> tasks;
    final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    mainLock.lock();
    try {
        checkShutdownAccess();
        // 修改线程池状态
        advanceRunState(STOP);
        // 打断所有线程
        interruptWorkers();
        // 获取队列中剩余任务
        tasks = drainQueue();
    } finally {
        mainLock.unlock();
    }
    // 尝试终结
    tryTerminate();
    return tasks;
}

其他方法

// 不在 RUNNING 状态的线程池，此方法就返回 true
boolean isShutdown();
// 线程池状态是否是 TERMINATED
boolean isTerminated();
// 调用 shutdown 后，由于调用线程并不会等待所有任务运行结束，因此如果它想在线程池 TERMINATED 后做些事情，可以利用此方法等待
// 一般task是Callable类型的时候不用此方法，因为futureTask.get方法自带等待功能。
boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;

测试shutdown、shutdownNow、awaitTermination

@Slf4j(topic = "c.TestShutDown")
public class TestShutDown {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);

        Future<Integer> result1 = pool.submit(() -> {
            log.debug("task 1 running...");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            log.debug("task 1 finish...");
            return 1;
        });

        Future<Integer> result2 = pool.submit(() -> {
            log.debug("task 2 running...");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            log.debug("task 2 finish...");
            return 2;
        });

        Future<Integer> result3 = pool.submit(() -> {
            log.debug("task 3 running...");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            log.debug("task 3 finish...");
            return 3;
        });

        log.debug("shutdown");
        pool.shutdown();
        //        pool.awaitTermination(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        //        List<Runnable> runnables = pool.shutdownNow();
        //        log.debug("other.... {}" , runnables);
    }
}

测试结果

#shutdown依旧会执行剩下的任务
20:09:13.285 c.TestShutDown [main] - shutdown
20:09:13.285 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-1] - task 1 running...
20:09:13.285 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-2] - task 2 running...
20:09:14.293 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-2] - task 2 finish...
20:09:14.293 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-1] - task 1 finish...
20:09:14.293 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-2] - task 3 running...
20:09:15.303 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-2] - task 3 finish...
#shutdownNow立刻停止所有任务
20:11:11.750 c.TestShutDown [main] - shutdown
20:11:11.750 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-1] - task 1 running...
20:11:11.750 c.TestShutDown [pool-1-thread-2] - task 2 running...
20:11:11.750 c.TestShutDown [main] - other.... [java.util.concurrent.FutureTask@66d33a]

并发编程-共享模型之工具（二）

newCachedThreadPool

newSingleThreadExecuto

提交任务

测试submit

测试结果

测试invokeAll

测试结果

测试invokeAny

测试结果

关闭线程池

shutdown

shutdownNow

其他方法

测试shutdown、shutdownNow、awaitTermination

测试结果