用二进制部署K8s（单master）

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一、准备

k8s集群master01：192.168.100.10	kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler etcd
k8s集群master02：192.168.100.40

k8s集群node01：192.168.100.20	kubelet kube-proxy docker 
k8s集群node02：192.168.100.30

etcd集群节点1：192.168.80.10	etcd
etcd集群节点2：192.168.80.20
etcd集群节点3：192.168.80.30

负载均衡nginx+keepalive01（master）：192.168.100.50
负载均衡nginx+keepalive02（backup）：192.168.100.60

二、操作系统初始化配置

#关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X

#关闭selinux
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab 

#根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.100.10 master01
192.168.100.20 node01
192.168.100.30 node02
EOF

#调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF

sysctl --system

#时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

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三、 部署 docker引擎

//所有 node 节点部署docker引擎
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

systemctl start docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service

四、 部署 etcd 集群

//在 master01 节点上操作

#准备cfssl证书生成工具
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl*

#生成Etcd证书
mkdir /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/

#上传 etcd-cert.sh 和 etcd.sh 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中
chmod +x etcd-cert.sh etcd.sh

#创建用于生成CA证书、etcd 服务器证书以及私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/etcd-cert
mv etcd-cert.sh etcd-cert/
cd /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/
./etcd-cert.sh

ls
ca-config.json  ca-csr.json  ca.pem        server.csr       server-key.pem
ca.csr          ca-key.pem   etcd-cert.sh  server-csr.json  server.pem

#上传 etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s 目录中，启动etcd服务
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{cfg,bin,ssl}

cd /opt/k8s/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/
mv etcd etcdctl /opt/etcd/bin/
cp /opt/k8s/etcd-cert/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

cd /opt/k8s/
./etcd.sh etcd01 192.168.100.10 etcd02=https://192.168.100.20:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.100.30:2380

ps -ef | grep etcd

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.100.20:/opt/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.100.30:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.100.20:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.100.30:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

//在 node01 节点上操作
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"											#修改
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2380"			#修改
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2379"		#修改

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2380"		#修改
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2379"				#修改
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.100.10:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.100.20:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.100.30:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd

//在 node02 节点上操作
vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.100.30:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.100.10:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.100.20:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.100.30:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"



systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl status etcd

#检查etcd群集状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.100.10:2379,https://192.168.100.20:2379,https://192.168.100.30:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.100.10:2379,https://192.168.100.20:2379,https://192.168.100.30:2379" --write-out=table member list

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五、部署 Master 组件

//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 master.zip 和 k8s-cert.sh 到 /opt/k8s 目录中，解压 master.zip 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
unzip master.zip
chmod +x *.sh

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

#创建用于生成CA证书、相关组件的证书和私钥的目录
mkdir /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
mv /opt/k8s/k8s-cert.sh /opt/k8s/k8s-cert
cd /opt/k8s/k8s-cert/
./k8s-cert.sh

ls *pem
admin-key.pem  apiserver-key.pem  ca-key.pem  kube-proxy-key.pem  
admin.pem      apiserver.pem      ca.pem      kube-proxy.pem

cp ca*pem apiserver*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

#上传 kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 到 /opt/k8s/ 目录中，解压 kubernetes 压缩包
cd /opt/k8s/
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

cd /opt/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kubectl kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler /opt/kubernetes/bin/
ln -s /opt/kubernetes/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

#创建 bootstrap token 认证文件，apiserver 启动时会调用，然后就相当于在集群内创建了一个这个用户，接下来就可以用 RBAC 给他授权
cd /opt/k8s/
vim token.sh
#!/bin/bash
#获取随机数前16个字节内容，以十六进制格式输出，并删除其中空格
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
#生成 token.csv 文件，按照 Token序列号,用户名,UID,用户组 的格式生成
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv <<EOF
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

chmod +x token.sh
./token.sh

cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv

cd /opt/k8s/
./apiserver.sh 192.168.100.10 https://192.168.100.10:2379,https://192.168.100.20:2379,https://192.168.100.30:2379

ps aux | grep kube-apiserver

netstat -natp | grep 6443   #安全端口6443用于接收HTTPS请求，用于基于Token文件或客户端证书等认证

cd /opt/k8s/

#启动 scheduler 服务
./scheduler.sh
ps aux | grep kube-scheduler

#启动 controller-manager 服务
./controller-manager.sh
ps aux | grep kube-controller-manager

#生成kubectl连接集群的证书
./admin.sh

kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous

#通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态
kubectl get cs
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}  

#查看版本信息
kubectl version

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六、部署worker node节点

//在所有 node 节点上操作
#创建kubernetes工作目录
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

#上传 node.zip 到 /opt 目录中，解压 node.zip 压缩包，获得kubelet.sh、proxy.sh
cd /opt/
unzip node.zip
chmod +x kubelet.sh proxy.sh

//在 master01 节点上操作
#把 kubelet、kube-proxy 拷贝到 node 节点
cd /opt/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin
scp kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.100.20:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy root@192.168.100.30:/opt/kubernetes/bin/

#上传 kubeconfig.sh 文件到 /opt/k8s/kubeconfig 目录中，生成 kubeconfig 的配置文件
mkdir /opt/k8s/kubeconfig
cd /opt/k8s/kubeconfig
chmod +x kubeconfig.sh
./kubeconfig.sh 192.168.100.10 /opt/k8s/k8s-cert/

scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.100.30:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig root@192.168.100.20:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

#RBAC授权，使用户 kubelet-bootstrap 能够有权限发起 CSR 请求
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

//在 node01 节点上操作
#启动 kubelet 服务
cd /opt/
./kubelet.sh 192.168.100.20
ps aux | grep kubelet

//在 node02 节点上操作
#启动 kubelet 服务
cd /opt/
./kubelet.sh 192.168.100.30
ps aux | grep kubelet

//在 master01 节点上操作，通过 CSR 请求
#检查到 node01 节点的 kubelet 发起的 CSR 请求，Pending 表示等待集群给该节点签发证书
kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE  SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-duiobEzQ0R93HsULoS9NT9JaQylMmid_nBF3Ei3NtFE   12s  kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

#通过 CSR 请求
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-duiobEzQ0R93HsULoS9NT9JaQylMmid_nBF3Ei3NtFE

#Approved,Issued 表示已授权 CSR 请求并签发证书
kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE  SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-duiobEzQ0R93HsULoS9NT9JaQylMmid_nBF3Ei3NtFE   2m5s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

#查看节点，由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
kubectl get node
NAME                   STATUS     ROLES      AGE     VERSION
192.168.100.20   NotReady   <none>   108s   v1.20.11
192.168.100.30   NotReady   <none>   108s   v1.20.11

//在 node01 节点上操作
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

#启动proxy服务
cd /opt/
./proxy.sh 192.168.100.20
ps aux | grep kube-proxy

//在 node02 节点上操作
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

#启动proxy服务
cd /opt/
./proxy.sh 192.168.100.30
ps aux | grep kube-proxy

七、部署网络组件

部署flannel
//在 node01 节点上操作
#上传 cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz 和 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录中
cd /opt/
docker load -i flannel.tar

mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

//在 node02 节点上操作
#上传 cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz 和 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录中
cd /opt/
docker load -i flannel.tar

mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中，部署 CNI 网络
cd /opt/k8s
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 

kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-flannel-ds-hjtc7   1/1     Running   0          7s

kubectl get nodes
NAME                 STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
192.168.100.20   Ready    <none>   81m   v1.20.11
192.168.100.30   Ready    <none>   81m   v1.20.11
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