@TOC

前言

接上篇文章继续解绍arcade游戏编程的基本知识。

重力应用、移动摄象机、碰撞及检测

1、重力应用

许多游戏都包含某种物理学。 最简单的是自上而下的程序，可防止角色穿过墙壁等。 平台开发人员通过重力和移动平台增加了更多的复杂性。 有些游戏使用具有质量，摩擦力，弹簧等的完整2D物理引擎。 在此setup 方法，将物理引擎更改为 PhysicsEnginePlatformer 并将重力作为一个参数 # 物理引擎 # self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple( # self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Walls")) 跳起时，因重力作用而回到地面，在游戏中就是把精灵的y坐标值按上下方向加个速度 if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W: if self.physics_engine.can_jump(): self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED
效果：

# _*_ coding: UTF-8 _*_
# 开发团队： 信息化未来
# 开发人员： Administrator
# 开发时间：2022/11/4 16:59
# 文件名称： game1.py
# 开发工具: PyCharm
import arcade

# 设置
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 650
SCREEN_TITLE = "我的游戏"

# 常量用于从原始大小缩放精灵
CHARACTER_SCALING = 1
TILE_SCALING = 0.5
PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 2.5
# 重力
GRAVITY = 1
PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED = 20


class MyGame(arcade.Window):
    def __init__(self):
        # Call the parent class and set up the window
        super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)
        self.scene = None
        self.player_sprite = None

        arcade.set_background_color(arcade.csscolor.BLUE)

        self.physics_engine = None

    def setup(self):

        # 初始化场景
        self.scene = arcade.Scene()

        # 添加精灵列表
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Walls", use_spatial_hash=True)

        # 添加角色.
        image_source = "images/1-1.png"
        self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_SCALING)
        self.player_sprite.center_x = 264
        self.player_sprite.center_y = 128
        self.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)

        wall = arcade.Sprite("images/房子.png", TILE_SCALING)
        wall.center_x = SCREEN_WIDTH /2
        wall.center_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT /2
        self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)

        for x in range(0, 1250, 64):
            wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassMid.png", TILE_SCALING)
            wall.center_x = x
            wall.center_y = 32
            self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)

        # 物理引擎
        # self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(
        #     self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Walls"))

        self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(
            self.player_sprite, gravity_constant=GRAVITY, walls=self.scene["Walls"]
        )

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.scene.draw()
        # self.wall_list.draw()
        # self.player_list.draw()

    def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
        """Called whenever a key is pressed."""

        if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:
            if self.physics_engine.can_jump():
                self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED
        elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED

    def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
        """Called when the user releases a key."""

        if key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = 0
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = 0

    def on_update(self, delta_time):
        """Movement and game logic"""

        # Move the player with the physics engine
        self.physics_engine.update()


def main():
    """Main function"""
    window = MyGame()
    window.setup()
    arcade.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

2、摄象机

上个游戏，人物走到最右侧后，再向右走，人物走出了屏幕，怎么办？可以让我们的窗口成为一个小的视窗，进入一个更大的世界，只需给它添加一个摄像头。玩过游戏的人大多数知道，地图随着人物移动而变化，如何做呢，看下面： 初始时添加一个摄象机 self.camera = None # 摄象机 在setup中加 def setup(self): # 摄象机 self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height) self.width, self.height如过用一半，你会发现，一半屏在闪，可以试试，有利于理解窗口宽高这两个参数的作用。

摄象机随人物移动 这个功能在pygame中想实现是需费些功夫的。

 def center_camera_to_player(self): 
    screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
    screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (
            self.camera.viewport_height / 2
    )
    # Don't let camera travel past 0
    if screen_center_x < 0:
        screen_center_x = 0
    if screen_center_y < 0:
        screen_center_y = 0
    player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_y
    self.camera.move_to(player_centered)

效果：地图随人物移动在变

# _*_ coding: UTF-8 _*_
# 开发团队： 信息化未来
# 开发人员： Administrator
# 开发时间：2022/11/4 16:59
# 文件名称： game1.py
# 开发工具: PyCharm
import arcade

# 设置
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 650
SCREEN_TITLE = "我的游戏"

# 常量用于从原始大小缩放精灵
CHARACTER_SCALING = 1
TILE_SCALING = 0.5
PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 2.5
# 重力
GRAVITY = 1
PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED = 20


class MyGame(arcade.Window):
    def __init__(self):
        # 初始化窗体
        super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)
        self.scene = None
        self.player_sprite = None

        arcade.set_background_color(arcade.csscolor.BLUE)

        self.physics_engine = None
        self.camera = None  # 摄象机

    def setup(self):
        # 摄象机
        self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)

        # 初始化场景
        self.scene = arcade.Scene()

        # 添加精灵列表
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Walls", use_spatial_hash=True)

        # 添加角色.
        image_source = "images/1-1.png"
        self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_SCALING)
        self.player_sprite.center_x = 264
        self.player_sprite.center_y = 128
        self.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)

        wall = arcade.Sprite("images/房子.png", TILE_SCALING)
        wall.center_x = SCREEN_WIDTH /2
        wall.center_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT /2+200
        self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)

        for x in range(0, 1250, 64):
            wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassMid.png", TILE_SCALING)
            wall.center_x = x
            wall.center_y = 32
            self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)

        # 物理引擎
        # self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(
        #     self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Walls"))

        self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(
            self.player_sprite, gravity_constant=GRAVITY, walls=self.scene["Walls"]
        )

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.scene.draw()
        self.camera.use()  # 摄象机

    def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
        """每当按下键时调用."""
        if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:
            if self.physics_engine.can_jump():
                self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED
        elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED

    def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
        """Called when the user releases a key."""

        if key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = 0
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = 0

    def center_camera_to_player(self):  # 摄象机随人物移动
        screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
        screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (
                self.camera.viewport_height / 2
        )
        # Don't let camera travel past 0
        if screen_center_x < 0:
            screen_center_x = 0
        if screen_center_y < 0:
            screen_center_y = 0
        player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_y
        self.camera.move_to(player_centered)

    def on_update(self, delta_time):
        """运动和游戏逻辑"""
        self.physics_engine.update()  # 运用引擎移动角色
        self.center_camera_to_player()   # 摄象机


def main():
    """主程序"""
    window = MyGame()
    window.setup()
    arcade.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

3、碰撞及检测，声音加载

碰到金币，金币消失 代码：

# _*_ coding: UTF-8 _*_
# 开发团队： 信息化未来
# 开发人员： Administrator
# 开发时间：2022/11/4 16:59
# 文件名称： game1.py
# 开发工具: PyCharm
import arcade

# 设置
SCREEN_WIDTH = 1000
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 650
SCREEN_TITLE = "我的游戏"

# 常量用于从原始大小缩放精灵
CHARACTER_SCALING = 1
TILE_SCALING = 0.5
PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 2.5
# 重力
GRAVITY = 1
PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED = 20


class MyGame(arcade.Window):
    def __init__(self):
        # 初始化窗体
        super().__init__(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)
        self.scene = None
        self.player_sprite = None

        arcade.set_background_color(arcade.csscolor.BLUE)

        self.physics_engine = None
        self.camera = None  # 摄象机
        # 加载声音
        self.collect_coin_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/coin2.wav")
        self.jump_sound = arcade.load_sound("sounds/s3.wav")

    def setup(self):
        # 摄象机
        self.camera = arcade.Camera(self.width, self.height)

        # 初始化场景
        self.scene = arcade.Scene()

        # 添加精灵列表
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Walls", use_spatial_hash=True)

        # 添加角色.
        image_source = "images/1-1.png"
        self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(image_source, CHARACTER_SCALING)
        self.player_sprite.center_x = 264
        self.player_sprite.center_y = 128
        self.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)

        wall = arcade.Sprite("images/房子.png", TILE_SCALING)
        wall.center_x = SCREEN_WIDTH /2
        wall.center_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT /2+200
        self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)

        for x in range(0, 1250, 64):
            wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassMid.png", TILE_SCALING)
            wall.center_x = x
            wall.center_y = 32
            self.scene.add_sprite("Walls", wall)

        for x in range(128, 1250, 125):
            coin = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/items/coinGold.png", 0.5)
            coin.center_x =x
            coin.center_y = 96
            self.scene.add_sprite("Coins", coin)

        # 物理引擎
        # self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(
        #     self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Walls"))

        self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(
            self.player_sprite, gravity_constant=GRAVITY, walls=self.scene["Walls"]
        )

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.scene.draw()
        self.camera.use()  # 摄象机

    def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
        """每当按下键时调用."""
        if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.W:
            if self.physics_engine.can_jump():
                self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_JUMP_SPEED
                arcade.play_sound(self.jump_sound)
        elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED

    def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
        """Called when the user releases a key."""

        if key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.A:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = 0
        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT or key == arcade.key.D:
            self.player_sprite.change_x = 0

    def center_camera_to_player(self):
        screen_center_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
        screen_center_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - (
                self.camera.viewport_height / 2
        )

        # Don't let camera travel past 0
        if screen_center_x < 0:
            screen_center_x = 0
        if screen_center_y < 0:
            screen_center_y = 0
        player_centered = screen_center_x, screen_center_y
        self.camera.move_to(player_centered)

    def on_update(self, delta_time):
        """运动和游戏逻辑"""
        # Move the player with the physics engine
        self.physics_engine.update()

        # See if we hit any coins
        coin_hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(
            self.player_sprite, self.scene["Coins"]
        )

        # Loop through each coin we hit (if any) and remove it
        for coin in coin_hit_list:
            # Remove the coin
            coin.remove_from_sprite_lists()
            # Play a sound
            arcade.play_sound(self.collect_coin_sound)

        self.physics_engine.update()  # 运用引擎移动角色
        self.center_camera_to_player()   # 摄象机


def main():
    """主程序"""
    window = MyGame()
    window.setup()
    arcade.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

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