Question 1

题目

"Look, it must be Lao Wang." "No, it cant't be him. He has goen abroad."

译文

“瞧，那一定是老王。”“不，那不可能是老王。他出国了。”

题解

1. 对现在情况的合理推断，用“must十be十名词”，含义为“一定是”第一个空格应该选“must”。例如：
   • Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 从他所说的判断, 他一定是一个诚实的人.
   • I think he must be a policeman, he keeps fishing for information. 我想他一定是警察, 他不断拐弯抹角地打听情况.
2. 对"must be + 名词"的否定, 用"can't be + 名词" (不用"mustn't be"), 意为"不可能是", 选项B的问与答不匹配. 选项C适合本题:
   • He can't be a doctor. He must be a teacher. 他不可能是医生, 他一定是一名老师.
   • You can't be a leader if you can't communicate your vision to others. 如果你不能将你的想法和别人沟通的话, 你就不能成为一名领导者.
3. "many be + 名词" 意为 "可能是", 表示可能性, 暗自不确定. 例如:
   • He may be a good teacher, but not necessarily a good headmaster. 他或许是个好老师, 但未必就是一个好校长.
   • This may be a sign the people are increasingly getting their movies from the Internet. 这或许是人开始通过互联网获取电影的一个标志. 虽然"may"可以用于表示推断, 但回答说"mustn't"表示不许可或禁止, 是错误的. 因此, 选项A不合适.
4. "can be + 名词" 意为 "可能成为", 在肯定句中使用时, 常常表示理论上的可能性. 不涉及是否真会发生.
   • Failure can be a good teacher. 失败也许是一个好老师.
   • I believe that I can be a good teacher. 我相信我能成为一个好老师.

Question 2

题目

"I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake." "It could be Harry's. He always wears green."

译文

"我把别人的绿色运动衫误认为是自己的了." "这有可能是哈利的. 他常常穿绿色的衣服."

题解

1. "could be + 形容词 / 名词" 意为"可能是", 可用于表示轻微的怀疑或委婉地陈述自己的看法, 选项C适合本题. 例如:
   • It could be true, but it is irrelevant to what is happening now. 它也许是正确的, 但与现在发生的事不相关.
   • Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study finding suggest. 一项新的研究发现表明，在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是预防生病的最佳方法
2. "would be + 名词" 表示估计或猜想, 常常表示过去将来, 意为"将有可能是", "将会是". 选项A显然不合适. 例如:
   • That would be a terrible mistake. 那将会是一个可怕的错误.
   • A fire at this time of the year would be catastrophic. 一年中这个时候发生火灾将会是灾难性的.

Question 3

题目

Where could that noise be coming from?

译文

那噪音会是从哪里来的呢?

题解

本题考察用于表示"可能性"的情态动词.

1. "could" 用于表示"可能性 (possibility)" 时语气教委婉, 选项A适合本题. 例如:
   • This could be due to inflation. 这个可能归因于通货膨胀.
   • If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment? 如果是他们自己逃走了，那么现在可能会待在哪里呢？
2. "many" 表示 "可能性" (possibility) 时常暗指不确定, 且不用于疑问句. 例如:
   • If you have done a search like this before, you many kown where to find the best candidates. 如果你以前做过这样的搜索，你也许知道去哪里找这些最好的候选人。
   • Although he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他也会有烦恼，但他总是露出一副平静的笑容。

Question 4

题目

If it is best thing to do, it cannot be done too soon.

译文

如果这是最好的办法了, 那么越快实施越好.

题解

1. 题考查一个“cannot..too”的结构，意为“无论怎样也不为过；越..越好”，选项A适合本题。例如：
   • We cannot too strongly urge upon you the importance of this matter. 对此事，我们无论怎样向你强调其重要性都不会过分。
   • We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过.
2. 此句型也可以转换成"can never ... too". 例如:
   • You can never be too careful when you cross the street. 你穿过街道时越小心越好。
   • It can never be too strongly emphasized that mathematics is the basis of science. 数学是科学的基础，无论如何重视也不会过分。
3. 此句型也可以转换成"cannot ... over", 句中"over"修饰谓语动词. 例如:
   • The problem cannot be over -emphasized. 这个问题怎么强调也不算过分。
   • It cannot be over emphasized that smoking is bad to our health. 再强调吸烟的危害也不过分。
4. 此句型也可以转换成"cannot ... enough", 句中的"enough"修饰句中的谓语动词或形容词. 例如:
   • I cannnot stress enough how much writing helps. 写作的有益强调得再多都不算为过。
   • We cannot be thankful enough to you for your timely and unselfish help. 我们对你们及时而无私的援助真是感激不尽。

Question 5

题目

I haven't been able to walk properly since I had that skiing accident.

译文

自从那次滑雪出了事故以来，我一直不能好好走路。

题解

在用“since"引导的句子中，主句常用现在完成时，从句用过去时态。

1. 选项A的表达是错误的。因为“able”是形容词，所以这不是完成时态。
2. “be able to'”不能与“can”连用，比如我们不能说“can be able to”。当然也不能说“can have been able to'”。因此，选项B的表达也是错误的。
3. “wasn't able to'”是过去时态。本题应该使用完成时态。因此，选项C不合适。例如：
   • After World War II, Congress was able to fully address this massive undertaking. 在二战后，国会才得以全力考虑这个巨大的工程。
   • I began by asking Brown why MTV was able to maintain this sort of growth in a weak market. 一开始我要问布朗的是，为什么MTV能够在一个萧条的市场中保持这样的走势。
4. "have been able to" 是 "can" 用于表示能力的完成时态, 选项D适合本题. 例如:
   • So far as I have been able to dicover, there are only four basic alternatives. 就我所知，只有四种基本选择。
   • A few small factories, using small and simple machines have been able to turn out parts for large machinery. 几个小厂用一些简单的小机器己经能为大型机械制造出零件来了。

Question 6

题目

I readlly appreciate being able to speak to you so frankly about this.

译文

我很高兴有关这件事能对你直说。

*题解

l. “appreciate”后接动词要求用动名词形式，选项B适合本题。例如： + I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island. 我真的很欣赏有时间和你一起在这座美丽的岛上放松一下。 + People appreciate working with him because he has a good sense of humor. 人们愿意与他共事，因为他很有幽默感。 2. 选项D的“could”是情态动词，不能接在动词“appreciate'”后。据此，选项A、C和D都是错误的。

Question 7

题目

You many walk for miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.

译文

你可能会在山里走上好几英里遇见不到一个人。

题解

1. 本句的含义表示"推断", 应该选用"may". 例如:
   • I think you may know my thinking. 我想你可能也知道我的想法.
   • You may understand that this is easy to say, but difficult to do. 你或许理解这说起来容易做起来却很难。

Question 8

题目

"Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?" "Sorry. I am not sure. But it might be."

译文

“请问，这是通向颐和园的正确的道路吗？” “对不起，我不能确定。不过可能是吧。”

题解

1. 当句中出现I'm afraid;I'm not sure.等表示不确定的含义时，常选用“may或“might'表示推断，选项A适合本题。例如：
   • "What's she going to do tomorrow?" "I'm not sure. She may go swimming with some friends." “她打算明天干什么？“我不能确定，她可能要和一些朋友去游泳。”
   • I'm fond of the skirt I saw in the store yesterday. I want to buy it, but I'm afraid it may be sold out. 我很喜欢昨天在店里看到的一条裙子。我很想买，可是我担心已经卖完了。

Question 9

题目

I might go shopping this afternoon. If I do, I will buy some fruit.

译文

我可能今天下午要去购物。如果去的话，我要买些水果。

译文

1. 根据句子"If I do, I will ..."可以知道说话人还没有确定。因此，本句表达的是不确定的含义。从语气上判断，“might'”表示较多的怀疑和不确定，而且语气比较委婉，选项A适合本题。例如：
   • It might not be fair to be so one-sided, but that's the nature of the service business. 如此片面可能不公平，但这是服务业的本质。
   • They might also use the new media to enjoy poetry in a more traditional way. 在新媒体的帮助下，人们或许也可以以一种更传统的方式来欣赏诗作。

Question 10

题目

Dad would always help us out financially when we were at university, however difficult it was for him.

译文

我们上大学时，父亲总是从经济上让我们摆脱困境，无论那对他来说有多难。

题解

1. "would"用于描述过去反复发生的事情. 例如:
   • Each time he came to town, he would visit our college. 他每次进城，都要到我们学校来看看。
   • At night, she would go online and chat with her friends back home. 夜深人静时，她会上网跟故乡的朋友聊天。
2. "should"用于表示"义务", 意思是"应该做某事". 例如:
   • This should be done immediately. 这件事应该马上去做.
   • Should Amercia bomb Iran or allow Iran to get the bomb? 美国是应该轰炸伊朗还是让伊朗得到核弹？

Question 11

题目

"Who is the girl standing over there?" "Well, if you must know, her name is Mabel."

译文

“那个站在那儿的女孩是谁？“嗯，要是你非得想知道，她的名字叫美宝。”

题解

1. “must”可用于表示“偏要、硬要”解。此时常以第二人称为主语，f you must..”是个常见意为“如果你非得”，暗指不耐烦，不愉快的事，选项B适合本题。例如：
   • If you must go, at least waith till the storm is over. 如果你坚持要走，至少也要等这场暴风雨停了再走。
   • If you must drink coffee, make sure you only have it in the morning, and try to limit it to one cup. 如果你一定要喝咖啡，只能早上喝，而且尽量只喝一杯。

Question 12

题目

Why must you always leave your dirty clothes in the bedroom?

译文

你为什么偏要把你的脏衣服放在卧室里？

题解

1. “must用于表示“偏要、硬要”解时常以第二人称为主语，“Why must you..”是个常见句型，意为“你没什么偏要..”，暗指不耐烦，不愉快的事，选项D适合本题。例如：
   • Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。
   • Why must you always be finding fault with that girl. 你为何偏要找那个姑娘的错呢？。

Question 13

题目

Students have to wear school uniforms when they have an imporant meeting.

译文

学生们在参加重要会议时必须穿校服。

题解

本题考查“must”与have to”表示“义务时的区别。

1. “must表示的是说话人的主观愿望。例如：
   • Now is the time. I must do it now. 现在是时候了。我必须马上动手。
   • I must study hard and get good marks. 我必须要努力学习取得好成绩。
2. "have to"强调客观的需要. 例如:
   • What is the hardest thing that company boards have to do? 公司董事会必须要做的事中，哪一件是最难的？
   • The doctor says I have to stay in hospital for another week. 医生说我必须还要在医院待上一个星期。
3. 选项C的“used to”表示“过去经常”，选项D的need作情态动词时，不能用于肯定句。据此，选项A,C和D都是错误的。

Question 14

题目

Since the flight has been cancelled because of bad weather, we might as well go by train.

译文

既然因为天气原因航班已经取消了，我们不妨坐火车吧。

题解

1. “might as well'”含义为“不妨，”，“还是..的好”，“最好还是”，后接动词原形，选项D适合本题。例如：
   • We might as well change the plan. 我们不妨改变一下计划。
   • Since you will know it sooner or later, I might as well tell you now. 既然你迟早都会知道这件事，我倒不如现在就告诉你。
2. "ought to have" 后应该接过去分词, 构成"ought to have done", 含义为"本应该做"某事而实际上未能做. 例如:
   • He ought to have done the work himself. 这个工作他本应该自己完全的.
   • The work ought to have been finished long ago. 这个工作早就应该已经完成了.
3. "would rather not" 意为"宁可不", 后接动词原形. 例如:
   • I would rather not accept his present. 我宁愿不要他的礼物.
   • I raised objections ath meeting, but now I would rather not have done that. 我在会上提出了反对意见, 但我现在宁愿没有那样做.
4. "had better"后应该接动词原形. 例如:
   • You had better get going or you will be late for school. 你最好快一点, 不然上学要迟到了.
   • You had better call ahead to make sure there is a room vacant. 你最好事先打电话去确定有没有空房间.

Question 15

题目

The boss said to the secretary, "If you work well, you shall have a rise."

译文

老板对秘书说，“如果你工作得好，一定会给你涨工资。”

题解

1. “shall''用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。本题是表示老板对秘书的许诺，选项B适合本题。例如：
   • You shall have a nice present for your birthday. 你过生日时将会得到一份精美的礼物.
   • He shall be punished if he disobeys. 他如不服从就要受到惩罚.
2. "must" 用于表示义务, 意为"必须", 显然不适合本题. 例如:
   • You must pay me what you own. 你必须把你所欠我的还给我.
   • I must listen to them and give them space. 我必须倾听他们的意见并给他们空间.
3. "ought to" 意为"应该", "ought"必须与"to"连用, 本题是老板对秘书的承诺, 从含义上讲用"ought to"是不合适的. 例如:
   • With her help, he ought to have no problem. 有了她的帮助, 他应当不会有什么问题.
   • I think we ought to discuss the project in detail. 我认为应该详细谈论一下这份计划.
4. "would" 可以用于对过去或将来假设的愿望, 用于本题是不合适的. 例如;
   • That would be a terrible mistake. 那将会是一个可怕的错误.
   • When you put it down, you would have no annoyance. 你什么时候放下, 什么时候就没有烦恼.

Question 16

题目

This is an opportunity that comes once in a lifetime. We mustn't let it pass.

译文

这是千载难逢的机会, 我们决不能错过.

题解

1. "must"的否定"mustn't"表示"禁止或批评", 含义为"决不能", 适合本题. 例如:
   • "If you see a bear", said Joe, "you mustn't move or make any gesture. And above all, you mustn't run." "如果你看见熊," 乔说, "你不能动或者任务手势, 尤其重要的是, 你千万别跑."
   • A middle school student mustn't smoke at any time in any place. 作为一名中学生无论何时何地都不允许抽烟.
2. "many not" 意为 "或许不会"; "couldn't" 意为"不可能"; "don't have to" 意为 "不必", 均不合适.

Question 17

题目

"I hope Josh is OK at that summer camp. He might be homesick." "Don't worry about him. He will be having a great time."

译文

“希望乔希在夏令营一切都好。他可能想家了。”“别为他担心。他这会儿一定玩得十分愉快。”

题解

1. “will be + doing'表示现在，此处的“will”用作情态动词，有揣测”的含义，可译为“大概”或“一定”，常与ow连用，选项A适合本题。例如：
   • They will be watching the football game now. 他们现在大概在观看足球比赛呢.
   • He will now be doing tha same thing for Google. 这会儿他为谷歌也在做着同样的事情.
   • If you stay behind, you will not be giving up your job altogether, you will be just giving up one opportunity now. 如果你留下来, 你并非完全放弃你的工作, 只不过是放弃了眼下的一个机会.
2. "ought to + have done" 意为 "本应该做而实际上未能做", 与 "should have done"常可换用. 例如:
   • She ought to have seen a doctor a week ago. 她一周前就应该去看医生.
   • "On the evening before my going to London," said he, "I made a confession to him, which I believe I ought to have made long ago." 我到伦敦去的前一个晚上，”他说，“便把这事情向他坦白了，其实我早就应该向他如实交代了。”

Question 18

题目

If you will tak a seat for a moment, Mr. Franks will be with you soon.

译文

请你稍坐一会儿, 法兰克先生马上就来见你。

题解

本题考查情态动词“wⅢ”用于“if”条件句中的含义。

1. “if you will + 动词”表示“礼貌的请求”，相当于英语的“be willing to”,本题表达的就是这个意思，选项D适合本题。例如：
   • I'd be much delighted if you will accept this little present. 如果您接受这份小小的礼物，我将非常高兴。
   • If you will take off your clothes, we'll try the new clothes on you. 请你脱下衣服，我们要给你试试新衣服。
   • If you will make another try, I shall do everything possible to help you. 如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿尽一切可能帮助你。
2. "if you will + 动词"也可以表示"意志", 相当于英语的"insist on". 例如:
   • You will get wet if you will go out without an umbrella. 如果你坚持出门不带伞，你会被林湿的。
   • If you will make me speak first, I suppose I must. 你要真存心让我先开口，我看我必须得照办了。

Question 19

题目

As they get older, teenagers should be treated more like adults.

译文

随着他们长大, 更应该把青少年当作成人对待.

题解

1. "should" 意为 "应当", 表示"劝告", "建议". 例如:
   • This should be done immediately. 这件事应该马上去做.
   • But now, I think you should report that to our embassy. 我想现在你应该把这件事报告给我国大使馆.
   • I think women should be treated equally. 我认为女人应该受到平等的对待.
2. "had better" 意为 "最好还是", 常带有紧迫感, 用于表示警告或胁迫, 例如:
   • You had better think over the matter at your leisure. 你最好有空的时候把那件事情仔细想一下.
   • Victor says that when he calls back, Mason had better give him an answer. 维克多说，等他再打电话过来时，梅森最好给他一个答复。

Question 20

题目

I should pay Tracy a visit, but I'm not sure wheter I will have time this Sunday.

译文

我应该去拜访特蕾西, 但是我不知道这个星期天我是否有时间.

题解

1. “should”意为“应该”，表示“说话人主观的义务”，常指道德义务，指应该做，且有一种道义上的责任，选项A适合本题。例如：
   • We should help those in need. 我们应该帮助那些需要帮助的人.
   • You should treat others the way you like to be treated. 你想别人怎样待你，你就该怎样待别人。
2. 选项B的“need”作情态动词不能用于肯定句，只能用于否定句，“need”用作行为动词时可用于肯定句。例如：
   • You needn't worry too much about me. 你们不必过于为我担心.
   • I need you to do me one more favor. 我需要你再帮我一个忙。
   • They work because they need to make enough money for food, house, clothes, and so on. 他们工作是因为需要足够的钱支付食物、房子、衣服等费用。

Question 21

题目

There shouldn't be problems with traffic at that time of the evening.

译文

傍晚那个时候交通不应该有问题。

题解

1. "should"用于表示"合理的推断"(应该)或明显的结果(可能), 且所期待的事几乎是事实, 因此, 这不是虚拟语气. 例如:
   • I wonder what Maria is doing. She should be back today. 不知道玛利亚在做什么, 她今天本该回来的.
   • There shouldn't be any difficulty about getting you a visa. 给你弄一个签证恐怕不会有什么困难.
   • I think my friend should be an excellent person. He is always ready to help others. 我认为我的朋友应该是个优秀的人. 他总是乐于助人.
2. "mustn't" 表示禁止, 是说话人强有力的劝告. 意为"绝不可以", "不准". 例如:
   • Elevators mustn't be used when there's a fire. 当火灾发生时, 千万别坐电梯.
   • This is a high precision job. There mustn't be the slightest slip. 这可是细活, 不能有半点差错.

Question 22

题目

Why should it get colder when we go up a mountain? We are getting nearer to the sun!

译文

1. "should" 用于与 "why", "how", "who" 构成的特殊疑问句中, 表示 "难以理解", 或 "不应该" 的事情. 例如:
   • Why should developing countries blindly follow its model now? 发展中国家为何还盲目的仿效这一模式?
   • How should we finance our health care system in the future? 我们日后该如何资助我们的健康医护制度？

Question 23

题目

Why must a stepladder have four legs when three are more stable?

译文

既然三条腿支撑更平稳，为什么折梯非得要四条腿？

题解

1. "must" 在句中意为"偏要", 表示难于理解. 例如:
   • Why must you always be finding fault with that girl. 你为何总是要找那个姑娘的茬呢？
   • The car must break down just when we were about to start off. 我们正要出发的时候偏偏车子坏了。
2. 在状语从句中“when'有表示“在..的情况下”，常可译为“既然”，“如果”，选项B适合本题。例如：
   • Why do you walk when you have a car? 既然你有车, 为什么还要走路呢?
   • How can I help you understand it when you don't listen to me. 如果你不听我的话，我怎么帮你理解呢。

Question 24

题目

He hardly need say anything more, since you konw all about it.

译文

【译文】既然你已经全都知道了，他不必再说什么了。

题解

1. “need'用作情态动词时常用于否定句及含有否定意义的语境中。本句中的“hardly''是个表示否定含义的词，选项C适合本题。例如：
   • You need not repair the machine, for it operates quite normally. 你不必修理这台机器，因为它运转十分正常。
   • I hardly need say how pleased we are to welcome you. 我几乎不用说（你就可以知道)我们非常高兴欢迎你的来到。
2. 选项B的“needs'”用作行为动词，后接动词时要加“to”,因此，不符合本题要求。例如：
   • Sometimes we need to remind ourselves that thankfulness is indeed a virtue. 有时我们需要提醒自己，心存感激的确是一种美德。
   • They work because they need to make enough for food, house, clothes, and so on. 他们工作是因为他们需要赚足够的钱来支付食物、房子、衣服等费用。
3. 选项A的hardly''不能与“don't”连用。选项D的“needn't'不能与“hardly'连用。因此是错误的。

Question 25

题目

You needn't have come to the meeting tomorrow if you have someting more important to do.

译文

如果你有更重要的事要做, 明天就不必来参加会议了.

题解

1. “need”作情态动词常用于否定句，“needn't do'”用于指现在或将来，“needn't have done”指“过去做了本不必做的事”，选项C适合本题。例如：
   • You needn't work tomorrow if you don't want to. 假如你明天不想干活, 你可以不干.
   • I needn't have written to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards. 实不必给他写信，因为他过后不久就来电话了。
2. 选项B的“need”作行为动词用，后接动词应该加“to”,即：“don't need to come”。选项D的“needn't为情态动词的用法，接动词是不应该加“to”。例如：
   • You don't need to come if you feel sick. 如果你舒服就不必来了.
   • She needn't come tomorrow. 她明天不必来.

Question 26

题目

They found that there wasn't anyone at the entrance so they didn't need to show proof of their ages.

译文

他们发现入口处没有一个人，因此不必出示他们年龄的证明。

题解

1. "didn't need to do" 意为 "不必做某事", 而实际上又没有做. 例如:
   • You didn't need to teel him the news; it just made him sad. 你无需告诉他这一消息, 那只会使他悲哀.
   • You didn't need to do that, Dad. I was going to buy myself a car. 您不必这样破费, 爸爸. 我本打算自己买一辆车.
2. "needn't have done" 意为 "本不必做" 而实际上已经做了某事. 例如:
   • Nothing happened at all. I needn't have worried. 什么事都没有发生, 我本不必担心的.
   • Li Ping needn't have called me yesterday because I knew it. 李昨天本无须打电话给我，因为我知道那件事。
3. 选项B从句子的含义上看不合适。选项C的couldn't'表示没有能力，选项D的“mustn't表示禁止，显然是错误的。

Question 27

题目

You didn't have to finish the washing-up. I could have done it.

译文

你不必去洗餐具的, 这活本来可以由我来做.

题解

1. “didn't have to do”的含义为“过去没有必要做”，至于是否已经做了，要根据句子的上下文来判断，选项C适合本题。例如：
   • When he was in university he didn't have to pay anything for his keep, for he stayed with his uncle. 他在读大学时，不需要付生活费，因为他与他的叔父住在一起。（未发生）
   • He stayed there a little longer, for the didn't have to go back to the inn in a hurry. 他在那儿多停留了一会儿，因为他并不急着赶回那家旅店。（未发生)
   • You didn't have to stick your nose into police business. That's police work. Why did you do that? 你不必管警察的事。这是警察的工作。你为什么这么做？(已发生)
   • It didn't have to happen this way. You let yourself get involved with the guy. 事情本来不应该就这样发生了。是你让自己与那些人扯上关系的。(已发生)

Question 28

题目

"Dare you go home at night?" "No, I daren't".

译文

"你敢晚上回家吗?" "我不敢"

题解

1. “dare”与“need”一样，既可以做情态动词，也可以做行为动词。所以，在做这类题目时，先要确定它到底做什么用。根据问话的句子结构，本句dare”是做情态动词，用于疑问句中。那么，回答也应该用情态动词，选项B适合本题。例如：
   • "Dare you swim across the river?" "Yes, I dare." 你敢游到河那边去吗？“我敢。”
   • "Dare you jump down from the top of the wall?" "No, I dare not." 你敢从墙上跳下去吗? 我不敢.
2. 如果"dare"用作行为动词. 那么, 回答也应该用行为动词形式: 例如:
   • "Do you dare to walk from above over?" "Yes, I do". 你敢从上面走过去吗? 我敢.
   • "Do you dare to go through the forest yourself?" "No, I don't". 你敢自己穿越森林吗? 我不敢.

Question 29

题目

"Was it you that made the suggestion?" "It many have been. I can't remember."

译文

"是你提的建议吗?" "可能是我吧, 但我不记得了."

题解

本题考察情态动词加不定时完成式的用法.

1. "may have done" 或 "might have done" 用于对过去发生行为的推测. 意为"可能做过某事". 例如:
   • They may have finished the work last month, but I am not sure. 上个月他们可能按时完成了工作, 但我不确定.
   • Excuse me! You many have taken my baggage by mistak. Could you please check? 对不起! 你可能错拿了我的行李. 你能查看一下吗?
2. "must have done" 表示对过去发生的行为的逻辑推断, 意为 "一定,想必", 语气十分肯定. 例如:
   • You musth have seen her yesterday. 昨天你一定见到她了.
   • They mush have gone, I didn't see them when I was there. 他们一定是走了, 我去的时候没看到他们.
3. "should have done" 表示 "本应该做而实际上没有做某事". 例如:
   • But he should have started his task much earlier. 但是他本该早就开始他的工作了.
   • The concert should have started at 7 pm. 演唱会本应该在下午7时开始的.

Question 30

题目

He dare not tell his parents about his failure in the exam.

译文

他不敢把考试失败的事告诉他的父母.

题解

1. "dare"的否定应该为"dare not + 动词原形", 例如:
   • The girl dare not stay here alone in this empty house. 这个姑娘不敢独自一个呆在这所空房子里.
   • I dare not say we could experience this pure love twice in one lifetime. 我不敢说我们一辈子能经历两次这种纯洁的爱情。

Question 31

题目

Jim didn't dare to see his strict father, for he failed in the examination once again.

译文

吉姆不敢见他严厉的父亲, 因为他考试又不及格.

题解

l. “dare”作行为动词的否定，应该为“don't/doesn't dare to do'。只是在否定句和疑问句中，“dare”后可以带“to”或不带“to”,选项A适合本题。例如： + I don't dare even to put a foot wrong. 我连一点小错也不敢出. + She doesn't dare (to) go by bike, because the traffic is too heavy. 她不敢骑自行车去, 因为路上交通太拥挤. + Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告诉她我说的话吗? + Do you dare to admit your mistake? 你敢承认你的错误吗?

Question 32

题目

There used to be a church in the west of the town, didn't there?

译文

过去, 在城西有个教堂, 对吗?

题解

1. “used to'”是情态动词，意为“过去常常”，必须后接动词构成谓语，可以构成“used to be'”或“used to do'”两种形式。隐含现在不复存在或不再如此的意思。例如：
   • There used to be a cinema in the town, but now all the people have TV sets. 在镇上过去有一家电影院, 但现在人们都有电视机了.
   • He used to do this kind of thing in our office that people would laugh at. 他常常在我们的办公室里做些让人们笑话的这类事情.
2. "used to" 的否定和疑问有两种形式: 一是用"did", 此时可以写成"used to" 或 "use to"; 二是用"used not to". 例如:
   • I didn't use to like him but now I do. 我以前不喜欢他, 但现在感觉还不错.
   • She used not to like drama, but now she quite likes it. 他以前不喜欢戏剧, 但是现在很喜欢.
3. 本句考察反义疑问句的使用, 其规则是, 主句用肯定形式, 反义部分用否定形式. 本句主句是"There used to be", 反义疑问应该用"didn't there"或"usedn't there". 事实上, "usedn't"或"usen't"这一用法较为少见了.

Question 33

题目

He said he didn't use to get tired when he played table tennis.

译文

他说他以往打乒乓球常常不感到累.

题解

1. "used to" 的否定用"did"构成的形式是"didn't use to", 也可以用"didn't use to". 例如:
   • Shaving didn't use to be so easy. 过去, 刮胡子可不那么容易.
   • I didn't use to like music, but now I'm getting interested. 我过去不喜欢音乐, 但是现在慢慢感兴趣了.
2. "used to"构成的否定形式是"used not to", 不是"not used to". 例如:
   • He used not to live in this city. 他过去不住在这个城市里面.
   • There used not to be a hotel on that corner. 以前在那个拐角处没有酒店.
3. "was / got used to" 的含义是 "习惯于", 后接名词或动名词形式, 例如:
   • He was used to living in Paris three months later. 三个月后他就习惯了巴黎的生活.
   • We moved to a new city two years ago. I soon got used to the life there. 两年前我们搬到了一座新的城市. 我很快适应了那里的生活.
4. "used to" 的否定也可用"never used to". 例如:
   • We never used to worry like this. 我们以前从不担心这些.
   • Fred never used to be so bad-tempered. 弗雷德的脾气过去从来没有这么坏.

Question 34

题目

You shouldn't have driven through that red light. You could have caused an accident.

译文

你不应当闯红灯. 你差一点就要出事故了.

题解

1. 选项D的"shouldn't have done" 意为 "本不应该", 其含义是"不应该发生的事情发生了", 例如:
   • They shouldn't have made such a hasty decision. 他们本不应该做出这样草率的决定.
   • I fell dizzy, I shouldn't have started working on an empty stomach. 我头晕, 我不应该空腹就开始工作.
2. "could have done"有两个含义:

一是: "某事过去有可能发生而实际上未发生", 意为"差点就要", "本来可以". 例如:

+ She felt miserable, She could have cried aloud. 她内心十分痛苦. 她差点就要大声哭出来了.
+ Given more time, we could have done better. 假如给我们更多时间, 我们本可以干得更好些.

二是: "某事可能是事实或可能发生", 指对过去可能性的推断, 意为"可能 (it is possible)".

+ I wondered how I could have made such a mistake. 我真不明白我怎么会犯这样一种错误.
+ It's an understandable mistake; I could have made it myself. 犯那种错误是可以理解的, 我自己也有可能犯这个错误.

Question 35

题目

I'm surprised that he should have failed in the exam.

译文

我感到惊讶的是他竟然考试失败了.

题解

1. "should have done" 可用于表示对已经发生的事感到"惊讶","愤怒"等情绪. 例如:
   • I'm surprised that a careful man like him should have made such a mistake. 想不到像他那么谨慎的人竟然犯得那种错误.
   • I can't believe it should have happend in broad daylight. 我无法相信在光天化日之下竟然会发生这样的事情.
2. "should + 动词原形" 虽也可用于表示"惊讶", "惋惜"等情绪, 但一般用于此事尚未发生, 或用于"be"动词的句子中. 强调某事已经发生, 谓语是行为动词时, 通常用"should + 完成式". 例如:
   • I don't believe that this should happen on her! 我不相信这样的事情会发生在她身上.
   • I can't believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信一个绅士居然对老师如此无礼.
3. "many have done" 意为 "很可能 (it is quite possible)", "would have done" 意为 "可以肯定"(it is fairly certain). 按可能性的程度, 后者比前者更肯定. 例如:
   • You may have seen shark diving on television. 你可能在电视上看过鲨鱼潜水.
   • Anyone in his position would have done the same. 任何居于他位置的人肯定都会这样做.

Question 36

题目

You ought to have given her more help, even though you were really very busy.

译文

即便你真的很忙, 你也应该给她更多的帮助.

题解

1. "ought to have done" 的含义为 "本应该", 指 "过去应该做而实际上没有做". 常可以和 "should have done" 互相换用. 例如:
   • You ought to have helped him, but you didn't. 你本应该帮助他的, 但是你没有.
   • You ought to have found the mistakes you made. 你本应该发现你所犯的错误.
2. "must have done" 的含义为 "确定无疑" (it is very certain), 用于对过去发生的行为的有把握的推测. 例如:
   • She must have found a lost of misttakes in our homework. 她一定在我们的作业里面发现了很多的错误.
   • If he had really been tree, I must have seen him. 如果他当时确实在那里, 我一定会看到他的.
3. 对过去行为的推断, 应该用情态动词的完成式.

Question 37

题目

The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.

译文

到结束时, 这会议就连续开了整整一个星期了.

题解

1. "will have done" 除了可以用于推测过去 (情态动词的用法), 也可用于表示将来某个时间前已经完成的事 (将来完成时态). 例如:
   • I will have done it by the time you come back. 在你回来时, 我就已经把这几件事情做完了.
   • By the time he arrives, we will have finished the work. 在他到达时我们将已经完成全部的工作了.
2. "must have done" 仅仅用于对过去行为的推断, 意为 "确信无疑" (it is ver certain). 例如:
   • We must have made a wrong turn at the last crossroad. 我们肯定在刚才那条岔路转错了方向.
   • They started early this morning; they must have arrived by now. 他们今天早晨很早就出发了, 现在肯定已经到了.

Question 38

题目

We sent the inviation on Monday, so they will have received them by now. Why hasn't anyone replied?

译文

我们星期一把请柬发出去了, 他们现在肯定收到了. 为何没有一个人给回函呢?

题解

1. "will have done" 意为 "可以肯定" (it is fairly certain), 用于以现在为时间点对的推测过去. 常隐含 "说话人确信某事已经发生, 但并不确知". 例如:
   • I'm sure they will have arrived home by now. 我肯定他们现在已经到家了.
   • If we can learn to turn a failure to our advatage, we will have learned another secret to success. 如果我们能够把失败变成对我们有利, 我们就学到另一个成功的奥秘了.

Question 39

题目

We needn't have taken warm sweaters. We could have used the space in our luggage for more books!

译文

我们实在没有必要带厚毛衣的, 我们本可以用这些地方装更多的书.

题解

1. "could have done" 用于对过去的推断时, 指某事可能是事实或可能会发生. 隐含"表示惋惜". 例如:
   • I wondered how I could have made such a mistak. 我真不明白我怎么会犯这样一种错误.
   • They could have found a cooler place. 他们或许还可以找个更清凉的地方.
2. "can have used" 仅仅用于否定和疑问句, 不用于陈述句.

Question 40

题目

Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.

译文

研究表明, 不管白天做过什么事, 我们每晚大约要做两个小时的梦.

题解

1. "may have done" 用于推断, 意为"很有可能" (it is quite possible), 例如:
   • The students may have done their exercises yesterday. 学生们也许昨天做好练习了.
   • He may have done some stupid things, but we respect him just the same. 他做过蠢事这不假, 但我们照样尊敬他.
2. "should have done" 用于推断, 意为"很可能, 理应如此" (it is probable). 例如:
   • I just did what I should have done. 我只是做了分内该做的事情.
   • I was polite to them, but I should have done more. 我礼貌地对待他们, 但我应该做的更多一些.
3. "would have done" 用于推断, 意为 "可以肯定" (it is fairly certain). 例如:
   • Mr. Bush would have done much the same thing. 布什先生也可能会做同样的事情.
   • I just did what anyone would have done in my situation. 我所做的工作, 别人在我的处境下也会这么做的.
4. "must have done" 用于推断, 意为 "一定, 确信无疑" (it is very certain) 例如:
   • He mush have done something worng. 他一定做错了什么事情.
   • Everyone here is joking ----- he must have done something really bad. 这里的每个人都在开玩笑 - 他肯定做了非常不好的事情.

Question 41

题目

Call me next Tuesday; I might have finished the project by then.

译文

下周二给我打电话吧. 到那时, 我可能已经完成这个项目了.

题解

1. "might have done" 可用来表示 "将来某个时间或许已经完成了". 这时, 句中常有明确的将来时间状语, 或句子描述的是到某个时间会发生的事情. 例如:
   • Who stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他下一次或许就可以成功, 他却停止了努力.
   • Who knows what those foods might have done for him. 谁知道那些食品会对你有什么用处呢?

Question 42

题目

There was a treiffic noise last night. It mush have been an explosion.

译文

昨晚有个令人恐怖的声响. 那一定是爆炸声.

题解

1. "must have + 过去分词" 意为 "一定, 确信无疑", 表示对过去行为有把握的逻辑推断. 例如:
   • The tracks must have been made by something that was alive. 这些足迹一定是活的东西留下来的.
   • I must have done something wrong, She was cool towards me. 我一定是做错了什么, 她对我的态度很冷漠.
2. 选项A的"can be" 表示可能性, 通常不用于肯定句. 在肯定句中表示现在或将来的可能性, 用"may / might"或"could". 例如:
   • Capital letters might be in wrong places. 大写字母写在不正确的地方.
   • This could be due to inflation. 这个可能归因于通货膨胀.
3. "should be" 用于对现在或将来的合理推断, 意为"应该"; "must be"用于对现在有把握的推断. 本句是对过去的推断, 均不合适.

Question 43

题目

He must have forgotten the rules, otherwise he wouldn't have made so many mistakes.

译文

他一定忘了规则, 否则他肯定不会犯这么多的错.

题解

1. "must have forgotten" 是对过去行为有把握的推测, 意为"一定已经忘记了". 例如:
   • There is light in the room, so he must have forgotten to turn the light off. 房间里面还有灯光, 他一定忘了关灯了.
   • Sharen was supposed to be here at 10 o'clock. She must have forgotten about our meeting. 莎伦本该10点到这里的, 她一定把我们的约会给忘了.
2. "wouldn't have + 过去分词" 用于对过去行为的否定的推测, 意为"可以肯定不会". 例如:
   • A more careful person wouldn't have maxde so many mistakes. 如果细心一点, 就肯定不会出这么多错了.
   • I'm doing things I wouldn't have done before. 我正在做一些我以前肯定不会做的事情.
3. 本句是对过去行为的推测, 因为都应该用情态动词的完成式表示.

Question 44

题目

The policeman declared that the blow on the victim's head must have been made from behind.

译文

警察宣布, 受害者头部的打击肯定来自于背后.

题解

1. "must have + 过去分词" 用于对过去行为有把握的推断, 意为 "一定, 确定无疑". 例如:
   • You must have seen him yesterday. 你昨天一定见过他.
   • They must have found the truth, or they won't become so angry. 他们一定已经发现了真相了, 否则不会这么生气.
2. "should have + 过去分词" 用于推测, 意为 "理应如此", 显然不符合句子的要求; "would have + 过去分词" 用于对过去的推测, 即"可以肯定", 意为"说话人确信但不确知", 这也不合符句子的要求. "ought to have + 过去分词" 用于推测, 含义同"should have + 过去分词", 因此也不合适.

Question 45

题目

I can't find Dr.Lopez anywhere in the office building. Where can he have gone?

译文

我在办公大楼里面哪都找不到洛佩慈医生. 他会到哪里去了呢?

题解

1. "can have + 过去分词" 仅仅用于否定句和疑问句, 不用于肯定句. 表示从现在的眼光看过去发生的事情. 含义是"可能", 选项C适合本题. 例如:
   • Can he have forgotten my name? 难道他忘记了我的名字吗?
   • The room is empty. Where can he have gone? 房间里面没有人, 他会到哪里去了呢?
   • He can't have been in his office this time yesterday. 昨天这个时间不可能在他的办公室里面的.

Question 46

题目

She could have paid by credit card but she preferred to use cash.

译文

她本可以用信用卡支付，但她更喜欢用现金。

题解

1. "could have + 过去分词" 意为 "本来可以", 指某事本来可以做而实际上未能做. 这是一个虚拟结构. 例如:
   • I could have finished the task if I had had more time. 如果再多我一点时间, 我是能够完成这项任务的.
   • We could have done it better under more favorable conditions. 如果在更有利的条件下, 我们能把它做的更好.
2. "must have + 过去分词" 用于对过去行为有把握的推断, 意为“一定，确凿无疑”，显然不符合句子的表达。选项A的“might ＋动词原形”（表示可能性）和C的“could＋动词原形”（表示能力）都 不用于对过去行为的推断。

Question 47

题目

She couldn't have left the hospital so soon, for she had not yet recovered.

译文

她决不可能这么快就出院，因为她还没有痊愈。

题解

1. "couldn't have + 过去分词" 是 "must have + 过去分词" 的否定形式，意为“”