【算法】字符串：外观数列 |【掘金日新计划·12月更文挑战】

题目：外观数列

leetcode链接：外观数列

说明：给定一个正整数 n ，输出外观数列的第 n 项。

「外观数列」是一个整数序列，从数字 1 开始，序列中的每一项都是对前一项的描述。

你可以将其视作是由递归公式定义的数字字符串序列：

countAndSay(1) = "1" countAndSay(n) 是对 countAndSay(n-1) 的描述，然后转换成另一个数字字符串。 前五项如下：

1. 1
   

2. 11
   

3. 21
   

4. 1211
   

5. 111221
   

第一项是数字 1 描述前一项，这个数是 1 即 “ 一 个 1 ”，记作 "11" 描述前一项，这个数是 11 即 “ 二 个 1 ” ，记作 "21" 描述前一项，这个数是 21 即 “ 一 个 2 + 一 个 1 ” ，记作 "1211" 描述前一项，这个数是 1211 即 “ 一 个 1 + 一 个 2 + 二 个 1 ” ，记作 "111221" 要 描述 一个数字字符串，首先要将字符串分割为 最小 数量的组，每个组都由连续的最多 相同字符 组成。然后对于每个组，先描述字符的数量，然后描述字符，形成一个描述组。要将描述转换为数字字符串，先将每组中的字符数量用数字替换，再将所有描述组连接起来。

例如，数字字符串 "3322251" 的描述如下图：

理解：

1、有1个正整数，输出外观数列的第n项，什么是外观数列？它是一个整数序列，从数字1开始，然后序列中的每一项都是对前一项的描述

2、输入一个整数，输出一个整数，其中输出整数中的每两位（也可能是1位）是一个组合，格式为n个m，

思路：

1、遍历生成：通过阅读题目，我们可以了解到所谓的「外观数列」，其实本质上只是依次统计字符串中连续相同字符的个数

2、题目中给定的数量限制为 1≤n≤301 \le n \le 301≤n≤30，由于数量很小，我们只需要依次生成前 303030 个 countAndSay\texttt{countAndSay}countAndSay 字符串并将其存储为静态数组，每次直接查询数组中的第 nnn 个元素即可。

题解：

方案一：遍历生成

/**
 * @param {number} n
 * @return {string}
 */
var countAndSay = function(n) {
    let str = "1";
    for (let i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
        const sb = [];
        let start = 0;
        let pos = 0;

        while (pos < str.length) {
            while (pos < str.length && str[pos] === str[start]) {
                pos++;
            }
            sb.push('' + (pos - start) + str[start]);
            start = pos;
        }
        str = sb.join('');
    }
    
    return str;
};

方案二：枚举查表

/**
 * @param {number} n
 * @return {string}
 */
var countAndSay = function(n) {
    const arr = [
        "","1","11","21","1211","111221","312211","13112221","1113213211","31131211131221","13211311123113112211","11131221133112132113212221","3113112221232112111312211312113211","1321132132111213122112311311222113111221131221","11131221131211131231121113112221121321132132211331222113112211","311311222113111231131112132112311321322112111312211312111322212311322113212221","132113213221133112132113311211131221121321131211132221123113112221131112311332111213211322211312113211","11131221131211132221232112111312212321123113112221121113122113111231133221121321132132211331121321231231121113122113322113111221131221","31131122211311123113321112131221123113112211121312211213211321322112311311222113311213212322211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231131122212322211331222113112211","1321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321132122311211131122211211131221131211132221121321132132212321121113121112133221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113213211121332212311322113212221","11131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221131211221321123113213221123113112221131112311332211211131221131211132211121312211231131112311211232221121321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321133112132112312321123113112221121113122113121113123112112322111213211322211312113211","311311222113111231133211121312211231131112311211133112111312211213211312111322211231131122211311122122111312211213211312111322211213211321322113311213212322211231131122211311123113223112111311222112132113311213211221121332211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221232112111312211213111213122112132113213221123113112221131112311311121321122112132231121113122113322113111221131221","132113213221133112132123123112111311222112132113311213211231232112311311222112111312211311123113322112132113213221133122112231131122211211131221131112311332211211131221131211132221232112111312111213322112132113213221133112132113221321123113213221121113122123211211131221222112112322211231131122211311123113321112131221123113111231121113311211131221121321131211132221123113112211121312211231131122211211133112111311222112111312211312111322211213211321322113311213211331121113122122211211132213211231131122212322211331222113112211","111312211312111322212321121113121112131112132112311321322112111312212321121113122112131112131221121321132132211231131122211331121321232221121113122113121113222123112221221321132132211231131122211331121321232221123113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112112322211211131221131211132221232112111312211322111312211213211312111322211231131122111213122112311311221132211221121332211213211321322113311213212312311211131122211213211331121321123123211231131122211211131221131112311332211213211321223112111311222112132113213221123123211231132132211231131122211311123113322112111312211312111322212321121113122123211231131122113221123113221113122112132113213211121332212311322113212221","3113112221131112311332111213122112311311123112111331121113122112132113121113222112311311221112131221123113112221121113311211131122211211131221131211132221121321132132212321121113121112133221123113112221131112311332111213213211221113122113121113222112132113213221232112111312111213322112132113213221133112132123123112111311222112132113311213211221121332211231131122211311123113321112131221123113112221132231131122211211131221131112311332211213211321223112111311222112132113212221132221222112112322211211131221131211132221232112111312111213111213211231132132211211131221232112111312211213111213122112132113213221123113112221133112132123222112111312211312112213211231132132211211131221131211132221121311121312211213211312111322211213211321322113311213212322211231131122211311123113321112131221123113112211121312211213211321222113222112132113223113112221121113122113121113123112112322111213211322211312113211","1321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321133112132112312321123113112221121113122113111231133221121321132122311211131122211213211321322112312321123113213221123113112221131112311332211211131221131211132211121312211231131112311211232221121321132132211331121321231231121113121113122122311311222113111231133221121113122113121113221112131221123113111231121123222112111312211312111322212321121113121112131112132112311321322112111312212321121113122122211211232221121321132132211331121321231231121113112221121321132132211322132113213221123113112221133112132123222112111312211312112213211231132132211211131221131211322113321132211221121332211231131122211311123113321112131221123113111231121113311211131221121321131211132221123113112211121312211231131122211211133112111311222112111312211312111322211213211321322123211211131211121332211231131122211311122122111312211213211312111322211231131122211311123113322112111331121113112221121113122113111231133221121113122113121113222123211211131211121332211213211321322113311213212312311211131122211213211321223112111311222112111312211312113221133221121113122113221321132132211231131122211311123113111213211221121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    ];
    return arr[n];
};

总结：

本篇实现了几种对外观数列的实现，第一种相对更有写代码的感觉，第二种感觉有点笨笨的，纯枚举嘛~