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grep进阶
grep:能使用正则表达式搜索文本,并把匹配的行打印出来,是一种强大的文本搜索工具.
grep
- 命令格式
- grep [options]... '搜索字符串' file....
- 命令功能
- 进行字符串数据的比较,然后符合用户需求的字符串打印出来,但是主意,grep在数据中查找一个字符串时,是以“整行”为单位进行数据筛选的
- 命令参数
- options
- -? : 同时显示匹配行上下的？行,如: grep -2 pattern filename同时显示匹配行的上下2行.
- -b,--byte-offset : 打印匹配行前面打印该行所在的块号码.
- -c,--count : 只打印匹配的行数,不显示匹配的内容.
- -f File,--file=File : 从文件中提取模板.空文件中包含0个模板,所以什么都不匹配.
- -h,--no-filename : 当搜索多个文件时,不显示匹配文件名前缀.
- -i,--ignore-case : 忽略大小写差别.
- -q,--quiet : 取消显示,只返回退出状态.0则表示找到了匹配的行.
- -l,--files-with-matches : 打印匹配模板的文件清单.
- -L,--files-without-match : 打印不匹配模板的文件清单.
- -n,--line-number : 在匹配的行前面打印行号.
- -s,--silent : 不显示关于不存在或者无法读取文件的错误信息.
- -v,--revert-match : 反检索,只显示不匹配的行.
- -w,--word-regexp : 如果被\<和\>引用,就把表达式做为一个单词搜索.
- -V,--version : 显示软件版本信息.
- 基本集正则表达式
- ^ : 锚定行的开始 如: '^grep'匹配所有以grep开头的行.
- '匹配所有以grep结尾的行.
- . : 匹配一个非换行符的字符如: 'gr.p'匹配gr后接一个任意字符,然后是p.
- * : 匹配零个或多个先前字符如: '*grep'匹配所有一个或多个空格后紧跟grep的行. .*一起用代表任意字符.
- [] : 匹配一个指定范围内的字符,如'[Gg]rep'匹配Grep和grep.
- [^] : 匹配一个不在指定范围内的字符,如: '[^A-FH-Z]rep'匹配不包含A-R和T-Z的一个字母开头,紧跟rep的行.
- .. : 标记匹配字符,如'love',love被标记为1.
- < : 锚定单词的开始,如:'<grep'匹配包含以grep开头的单词的行.
- \> : 锚定单词的结束,如'grep\>'匹配包含以grep结尾的单词的行.
- x\{m\} : 重复字符x,m次,如: '0\{5\}'匹配包含5个o的行.
- x\{m,\} : 重复字符x,至少m次,如: 'o\{5,\}'匹配至少有5个o的行.
- x\{m,n\} : 重复字符x,至少m次,不多于n次,如: 'o\{5,10\}'匹配5--10个o的行.
- \w : 匹配文字和数字字符,也就是[A-Za-z0-9],如: 'G\w*p'匹配以G后跟零个或多个文字或数字字符,然后是p.
- \W : \w的反置形式,匹配一个或多个非单词字符,如点号句号等.
- \b : 单词锁定符,如: '\bgrep\b'只匹配grep.
- options
- 命令实例
学的是私房菜,用的是示例文件http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0330regularex/regular_express.txt 包含the字符串的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:24:57 #14]$ grep -n 'the' 1.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 12:the symbol '*' is represented as start. 15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. 16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad". 18:google is the best tools for search keyword. 除了包含the字符串的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:25:11 #15]$ grep -vn 'the' 1.txt 1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs. 2:apple is my favorite food. 3:Football game is not use feet only. 4:this dress doesn't fit me. 5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars. 6:GNU is free air not free beer. 7:Her hair is very beauty. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 10:motorcycle is cheap than car. 11:This window is clear. 13:Oh! My god! 14:The gd software is a library for drafting programs. 17:I like dog. 19:goooooogle yes! 20:go! go! Let's go. 21:# I am VBird 22: 23: 包含the字符串的行并展示行号并不区分大小写 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:25:25 #16]$ grep -in 'the' 1.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 12:the symbol '*' is represented as start. 14:The gd software is a library for drafting programs. 15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. 16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad". 18:google is the best tools for search keyword. 包含tast或者test字符串的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:29:08 #18]$ grep -n 't[ae]st' 1.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 包含oo字符串的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:29:21 #19]$ grep -n 'oo' 1.txt 1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs. 2:apple is my favorite food. 3:Football game is not use feet only. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 18:google is the best tools for search keyword. 19:goooooogle yes! 包含oo字符串的行并展示行号并除了goo字符串的行 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:29:49 #20]$ grep -n '[^g]oo' 1.txt 2:apple is my favorite food. 3:Football game is not use feet only. 18:google is the best tools for search keyword. 19:goooooogle yes! 除了包含小写字母a-z开头oo字符串的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:30:05 #21]$ grep -n '[^a-z]oo' 1.txt 3:Football game is not use feet only. 展示有数字的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:30:19 #22]$ grep -n '[0-9]' 1.txt 5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars. 15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. 展示除了小写字母开头oo字符串的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:30:29 #23]$ grep -n '[^[:lower:]]oo' 1.txt 3:Football game is not use feet only. 展示有数字的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:32:33 #24]$ grep -n '[[:digit:]]' 1.txt 5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars. 15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. 展示以the字符串开头的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:37:09 #26]$ grep -n '^the' 1.txt 12:the symbol '*' is represented as start. 展示小写字母开头的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:37:37 #27]$ grep -n '^[a-z]' 1.txt 2:apple is my favorite food. 4:this dress doesn't fit me. 10:motorcycle is cheap than car. 12:the symbol '*' is represented as start. 18:google is the best tools for search keyword. 19:goooooogle yes! 20:go! go! Let's go. 展示.结尾的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:37:53 #28]$ grep -n '\.$' 1.txt 1:"Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs. 2:apple is my favorite food. 3:Football game is not use feet only. 4:this dress doesn't fit me. 5:However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars. 6:GNU is free air not free beer. 7:Her hair is very beauty. 8:I can't finish the test. 9:Oh! The soup taste good. 10:motorcycle is cheap than car. 11:This window is clear. 12:the symbol '*' is represented as start. 14:The gd software is a library for drafting programs. 15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. 16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad". 17:I like dog. 18:google is the best tools for search keyword. 20:go! go! Let's go. 展示空白的行并展示行号 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:39:09 #29]$ grep -n '^$' 1.txt 22: 23:
egrep
- 命令格式
- egrep [options]... '搜索字符串' file....
- 命令功能
- egrep 相当于 grep -E,除了基本集正则表达之外还可以使用扩展表达式
- 命令参数
- options : 同grep
- 基本正则表达式 : 同grep
- 元字符扩展集表达式
- + : 匹配一个或者多个先前的字符, 至少一个先前字符.
- ? : 匹配0个或者多个先前字符
- a|b|c : 匹配a或b或c
- () : 字符组, 如: love(able|ers) 匹配loveable或lovers.
- (..)(..)\1\2 : 模板匹配. \1代表前面第一个模板, \2代第二个括弧里面的模板.
- x{m,n} =x\{m,n\} : x的字符数量在m到n个之间.
- 命令实例
包含is或者are的行 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:58:00 #40]$ egrep '(are|is)' 1.txt "Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs. apple is my favorite food. Football game is not use feet only. this dress doesn't fit me. However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars. GNU is free air not free beer. Her hair is very beauty. I can't finish the test. motorcycle is cheap than car. This window is clear. the symbol '*' is represented as start. The gd software is a library for drafting programs. You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. The world <Happy> is the same with "glad". google is the best tools for search keyword. 至少包含一个大写字母的行 [llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 14:58:04 #41]$ egrep '[A-Z]+' 1.txt "Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs. Football game is not use feet only. However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars. GNU is free air not free beer. Her hair is very beauty. I can't finish the test. Oh! The soup taste good. This window is clear. Oh! My god! The gd software is a library for drafting programs. You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. The world <Happy> is the same with "glad". I like dog. go! go! Let's go. # I am VBird
fgrep
- 命令格式
- fgrep [options]... '搜索字符串' file....
- 命令功能
- fgrep 相当于 grep -F,不能用特殊匹配模式[POSIX字符类],它不解析正则表达式、想找什么就跟什么就可以了
- 命令参数
- options : 同grep
- 命令实例
[llllljian@llllljian-virtual-machine 20180601 15:21:42 #44]$ fgrep -n 'the' 1.txt 8:I can't finish the test. 12:the symbol '*' is represented as start. 15:You are the best is mean you are the no. 1. 16:The world <Happy> is the same with "glad". 18:google is the best tools for search keyword.
