【4】springboot

51、文件上传-【源码流程】文件上传参数解析器

文件上传相关的自动配置类MultipartAutoConfiguration有创建文件上传参数解析器StandardServletMultipartResolver。

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, StandardServletMultipartResolver.class, MultipartConfigElement.class })
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.servlet.multipart", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MultipartProperties.class)
public class MultipartAutoConfiguration {

	private final MultipartProperties multipartProperties;

	public MultipartAutoConfiguration(MultipartProperties multipartProperties) {
		this.multipartProperties = multipartProperties;
	}

	@Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ MultipartConfigElement.class, CommonsMultipartResolver.class })
	public MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement() {
		return this.multipartProperties.createMultipartConfig();
	}

	@Bean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MultipartResolver.class)
	public StandardServletMultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
        //配置好文件上传解析器
		StandardServletMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new StandardServletMultipartResolver();
		multipartResolver.setResolveLazily(this.multipartProperties.isResolveLazily());
		return multipartResolver;
	}

}

//文件上传解析器
public class StandardServletMultipartResolver implements MultipartResolver {

	private boolean resolveLazily = false;

	public void setResolveLazily(boolean resolveLazily) {
		this.resolveLazily = resolveLazily;
	}


	@Override
	public boolean isMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) {
		return StringUtils.startsWithIgnoreCase(request.getContentType(), "multipart/");
	}

	@Override
	public MultipartHttpServletRequest resolveMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) throws MultipartException {
		return new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request, this.resolveLazily);
	}

	@Override
	public void cleanupMultipart(MultipartHttpServletRequest request) {
		if (!(request instanceof AbstractMultipartHttpServletRequest) ||
				((AbstractMultipartHttpServletRequest) request).isResolved()) {
			// To be on the safe side: explicitly delete the parts,
			// but only actual file parts (for Resin compatibility)
			try {
				for (Part part : request.getParts()) {
					if (request.getFile(part.getName()) != null) {
						part.delete();
					}
				}
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				LogFactory.getLog(getClass()).warn("Failed to perform cleanup of multipart items", ex);
			}
		}
	}

}

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
    
    @Nullable
	private MultipartResolver multipartResolver;
    
	private void initMultipartResolver(ApplicationContext context) {
		...
        
        //这个就是配置类配置的StandardServletMultipartResolver文件上传解析器
		this.multipartResolver = context.getBean(MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, MultipartResolver.class);
		...
	}
    
	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;//最后finally的回收flag
		...
		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
                //做预处理,如果有上传文件 就new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest包装类
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
				// Determine handler for the current request.
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				
                ...

				// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				...

				// Actually invoke the handler.
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
                
            }
            ....
            
		finally {

            ...
            
            if (multipartRequestParsed) {
                cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
            }
		}
	}

	protected HttpServletRequest checkMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) throws MultipartException {
		if (this.multipartResolver != null && this.multipartResolver.isMultipart(request)) {
            ...
			return this.multipartResolver.resolveMultipart(request);
            ...
		}
    }

	protected void cleanupMultipart(HttpServletRequest request) {
		if (this.multipartResolver != null) {
			MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest =
					WebUtils.getNativeRequest(request, MultipartHttpServletRequest.class);
			if (multipartRequest != null) {
				this.multipartResolver.cleanupMultipart(multipartRequest);
			}
		}
	}
}

mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());跳到以下的类

public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
		implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
	@Override
	protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
		ModelAndView mav;
		...
		mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
        ...
		return mav;
	}
    
    @Nullable
	protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {

		ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
		try {
			WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
			ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);

			ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
			if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {//关注点
				invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
			}
			...
			invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
			...

			return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
		}
		finally {
			webRequest.requestCompleted();
		}
	}
    
}

this.argumentResolvers其中主角类RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver用来生成

public class ServletInvocableHandlerMethod extends InvocableHandlerMethod {
    
    ...
	public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
			Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
		Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
		...
	}
    
	@Nullable
	public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
			Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

		Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
		...
		return doInvoke(args);//反射调用
	}
    
	@Nullable
	protected Object doInvoke(Object... args) throws Exception {
		Method method = getBridgedMethod();
		ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
		return method.invoke(getBean(), args);
		...
	}
    
    //处理得出multipart参数，准备稍后的反射调用（@PostMapping标记的上传方法）
    protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
			Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

		MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
		...
		Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
			MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
			parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
			args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
			if (args[i] != null) {
				continue;
			}
            //关注点1
			if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
				throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
			}
			try {
                //关注点2
				args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				...
			}
		}
		return args;
	}
    
}

public class RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver {

    //对应上面代码关注点1
    @Override
	public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
        //标注@RequestPart的参数
		if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestPart.class)) {
			return true;
		}
		else {
			if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) {
				return false;
			}
			return MultipartResolutionDelegate.isMultipartArgument(parameter.nestedIfOptional());
		}
	}

    //对应上面代码关注点2
	@Override
	@Nullable
	public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
			NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {

		HttpServletRequest servletRequest = request.getNativeRequest(HttpServletRequest.class);
		Assert.state(servletRequest != null, "No HttpServletRequest");

		RequestPart requestPart = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestPart.class);
		boolean isRequired = ((requestPart == null || requestPart.required()) && !parameter.isOptional());

		String name = getPartName(parameter, requestPart);
		parameter = parameter.nestedIfOptional();
		Object arg = null;

        //封装成MultipartFile类型的对象作参数
		Object mpArg = MultipartResolutionDelegate.resolveMultipartArgument(name, parameter, servletRequest);
		if (mpArg != MultipartResolutionDelegate.UNRESOLVABLE) {
			arg = mpArg;
		}
        
        ...

		return adaptArgumentIfNecessary(arg, parameter);
	}
}

public final class MultipartResolutionDelegate {
    ...
    
	@Nullable
	public static Object resolveMultipartArgument(String name, MethodParameter parameter, HttpServletRequest request)
			throws Exception {

		MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest =
				WebUtils.getNativeRequest(request, MultipartHttpServletRequest.class);
		boolean isMultipart = (multipartRequest != null || isMultipartContent(request));

		if (MultipartFile.class == parameter.getNestedParameterType()) {
			if (!isMultipart) {
				return null;
			}
			if (multipartRequest == null) {
				multipartRequest = new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request);
			}
			return multipartRequest.getFile(name);
		}
		else if (isMultipartFileCollection(parameter)) {
			if (!isMultipart) {
				return null;
			}
			if (multipartRequest == null) {
				multipartRequest = new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request);
			}
			List<MultipartFile> files = multipartRequest.getFiles(name);
			return (!files.isEmpty() ? files : null);
		}
		else if (isMultipartFileArray(parameter)) {
			if (!isMultipart) {
				return null;
			}
			if (multipartRequest == null) {
				multipartRequest = new StandardMultipartHttpServletRequest(request);
			}
			List<MultipartFile> files = multipartRequest.getFiles(name);
			return (!files.isEmpty() ? files.toArray(new MultipartFile[0]) : null);
		}
		else if (Part.class == parameter.getNestedParameterType()) {
			if (!isMultipart) {
				return null;
			}
			return request.getPart(name);
		}
		else if (isPartCollection(parameter)) {
			if (!isMultipart) {
				return null;
			}
			List<Part> parts = resolvePartList(request, name);
			return (!parts.isEmpty() ? parts : null);
		}
		else if (isPartArray(parameter)) {
			if (!isMultipart) {
				return null;
			}
			List<Part> parts = resolvePartList(request, name);
			return (!parts.isEmpty() ? parts.toArray(new Part[0]) : null);
		}
		else {
			return UNRESOLVABLE;
		}
	}
    
    ...
    
}

52、错误处理-SpringBoot默认错误处理机制

Spring Boot官方文档 - Error Handling

默认规则：

• 默认情况下，Spring Boot提供/error处理所有错误的映射
• 机器客户端，它将生成JSON响应，其中包含错误，HTTP状态和异常消息的详细信息。对于浏览器客户端，响应一个“ whitelabel”错误视图，以HTML格式呈现相同的数据

{
  "timestamp": "2020-11-22T05:53:28.416+00:00",
  "status": 404,
  "error": "Not Found",
  "message": "No message available",
  "path": "/asadada"
}

• 要对其进行自定义，添加View解析为error
• 要完全替换默认行为，可以实现 ErrorController并注册该类型的Bean定义，或添加ErrorAttributes类型的组件以使用现有机制但替换其内容。
• /templates/error/下的4xx，5xx页面会被自动解析

53、错误处理-【源码分析】底层组件功能分析

• ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration 自动配置异常处理规则

• 容器中的组件：类型：DefaultErrorAttributes -> id：errorAttributes

• public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver

  • DefaultErrorAttributes：定义错误页面中可以包含数据（异常明细，堆栈信息等）。

• 容器中的组件：类型：BasicErrorController --> id：basicErrorController（json+白页 适配响应）

• 处理默认 /error 路径的请求，页面响应 new ModelAndView("error", model);

  • 容器中有组件 View->id是error；（响应默认错误页）
  • 容器中放组件 BeanNameViewResolver（视图解析器）；按照返回的视图名作为组件的id去容器中找View对象。

• 容器中的组件：类型：DefaultErrorViewResolver -> id：conventionErrorViewResolver

• 如果发生异常错误，会以HTTP的状态码 作为视图页地址（viewName），找到真正的页面（主要作用）。

  • error/404、5xx.html
  • 如果想要返回页面，就会找error视图（StaticView默认是一个白页）。

54、错误处理-【源码流程】异常处理流程

譬如写一个会抛出异常的控制层：

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String handle01(){

        int i = 1 / 0;//将会抛出ArithmeticException

        log.info("Hello, Spring Boot 2!");
        return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!";
    }
}

当浏览器发出/hello请求，DispatcherServlet的doDispatch()的mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());将会抛出ArithmeticException。

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
    ...
	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		...
				// Actually invoke the handler.
            	//将会抛出ArithmeticException
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
                //将会捕捉ArithmeticException
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable err) {
				...
			}
    		//捕捉后，继续运行
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
		}
		finally {
			...
		}
	}

	private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
			@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {

		boolean errorView = false;

		if (exception != null) {
			if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
				...
			}
			else {
				Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
				//ArithmeticException将在这处理
                mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
				errorView = (mv != null);
			}
		}
		...
	}

	protected ModelAndView processHandlerException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			@Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

		// Success and error responses may use different content types
		request.removeAttribute(HandlerMapping.PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE);

		// Check registered HandlerExceptionResolvers...
		ModelAndView exMv = null;
		if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers != null) {
            //遍历所有的 handlerExceptionResolvers，看谁能处理当前异常HandlerExceptionResolver处理器异常解析器
			for (HandlerExceptionResolver resolver : this.handlerExceptionResolvers) {
				exMv = resolver.resolveException(request, response, handler, ex);
				if (exMv != null) {
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		...
	
        //若只有系统的自带的异常解析器（没有自定义的），异常还是会抛出
		throw ex;
	}

}

系统自带的异常解析器：

• DefaultErrorAttributes先来处理异常，它主要功能把异常信息保存到request域，并且返回null。

public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered {
    ...
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        this.storeErrorAttributes(request, ex);
        return null;
    }

    private void storeErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, Exception ex) {
        request.setAttribute(ERROR_ATTRIBUTE, ex);//把异常信息保存到request域
    }
    ...
    
}    

• 默认没有任何解析器（上图的HandlerExceptionResolverComposite）能处理异常，所以最后异常会被抛出。
• 最终底层就会转发/error 请求。会被底层的BasicErrorController处理。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {

    @RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE)
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
       HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
       Map<String, Object> model = Collections
             .unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
       response.setStatus(status.value());
       ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
       //如果/template/error内没有4**.html或5**.html，
       //modelAndView为空，最终还是返回viewName为error的modelAndView
       return (modelAndView != null) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);
    }
    
    ...
}

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    
    ...
    
	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ...
     	// Actually invoke the handler.
		mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
		...
        //渲染页面
		processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
        ...
    }
    
    private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
			@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {

        boolean errorView = false;
        ...
		// Did the handler return a view to render?
		if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
			render(mv, request, response);
			if (errorView) {
				WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
			}
		}
		...
	}
    
    protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		...

		View view;
		String viewName = mv.getViewName();
		if (viewName != null) {
			// We need to resolve the view name.
            //找出合适error的View，如果/template/error内没有4**.html或5**.html，
            //将会返回默认异常页面ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.StaticView
            //这里按需深究代码吧！
			view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
			...
		}
		...
		try {
			if (mv.getStatus() != null) {
				response.setStatus(mv.getStatus().value());
			}
            //看下面代码块的StaticView的render块
			view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			...
		}
	}
    
}

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class })
// Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available
@AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class, WebMvcProperties.class })
public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
    
    ...
        
   	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.error.whitelabel", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
	@Conditional(ErrorTemplateMissingCondition.class)
	protected static class WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration {

        //将创建一个名为error的系统默认异常页面View的Bean
		private final StaticView defaultErrorView = new StaticView();

		@Bean(name = "error")
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "error")
		public View defaultErrorView() {
			return this.defaultErrorView;
		}

		// If the user adds @EnableWebMvc then the bean name view resolver from
		// WebMvcAutoConfiguration disappears, so add it back in to avoid disappointment.
		@Bean
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean
		public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() {
			BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver();
			resolver.setOrder(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10);
			return resolver;
		}

	}     
   
    
	private static class StaticView implements View {

		private static final MediaType TEXT_HTML_UTF8 = new MediaType("text", "html", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

		private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StaticView.class);

		@Override
		public void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
				throws Exception {
			if (response.isCommitted()) {
				String message = getMessage(model);
				logger.error(message);
				return;
			}
			response.setContentType(TEXT_HTML_UTF8.toString());
			StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
			Object timestamp = model.get("timestamp");
			Object message = model.get("message");
			Object trace = model.get("trace");
			if (response.getContentType() == null) {
				response.setContentType(getContentType());
			}
            //系统默认异常页面html代码
			builder.append("<html><body><h1>Whitelabel Error Page</h1>").append(
					"<p>This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.</p>")
					.append("<div id='created'>").append(timestamp).append("</div>")
					.append("<div>There was an unexpected error (type=").append(htmlEscape(model.get("error")))
					.append(", status=").append(htmlEscape(model.get("status"))).append(").</div>");
			if (message != null) {
				builder.append("<div>").append(htmlEscape(message)).append("</div>");
			}
			if (trace != null) {
				builder.append("<div style='white-space:pre-wrap;'>").append(htmlEscape(trace)).append("</div>");
			}
			builder.append("</body></html>");
			response.getWriter().append(builder.toString());
		}

		private String htmlEscape(Object input) {
			return (input != null) ? HtmlUtils.htmlEscape(input.toString()) : null;
		}

		private String getMessage(Map<String, ?> model) {
			Object path = model.get("path");
			String message = "Cannot render error page for request [" + path + "]";
			if (model.get("message") != null) {
				message += " and exception [" + model.get("message") + "]";
			}
			message += " as the response has already been committed.";
			message += " As a result, the response may have the wrong status code.";
			return message;
		}

		@Override
		public String getContentType() {
			return "text/html";
		}

	}
}

55、错误处理-【源码流程】几种异常处理原理

• 自定义错误页

  • error/404.html error/5xx.html；有精确的错误状态码页面就匹配精确，没有就找 4xx.html；如果都没有就触发白页

• @ControllerAdvice+@ExceptionHandler处理全局异常；底层是 ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver 支持的

@Slf4j
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class,NullPointerException.class})  //处理异常
    public String handleArithException(Exception e){

        log.error("异常是：{}",e);
        return "login"; //视图地址
    }
}

• @ResponseStatus+自定义异常 ；底层是 ResponseStatusExceptionResolver ，把responseStatus注解的信息底层调用 response.sendError(statusCode, resolvedReason)，tomcat发送的/error

@ResponseStatus(value= HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN,reason = "用户数量太多")
public class UserTooManyException extends RuntimeException {

    public  UserTooManyException(){

    }
    public  UserTooManyException(String message){
        super(message);
    }
}

@Controller
public class TableController {
    
	@GetMapping("/dynamic_table")
    public String dynamic_table(@RequestParam(value="pn",defaultValue = "1") Integer pn,Model model){
        //表格内容的遍历
	     List<User> users = Arrays.asList(new User("zhangsan", "123456"),
                new User("lisi", "123444"),
                new User("haha", "aaaaa"),
                new User("hehe ", "aaddd"));
        model.addAttribute("users",users);

        if(users.size()>3){
            throw new UserTooManyException();//抛出自定义异常
        }
        return "table/dynamic_table";
    }
    
}

• Spring自家异常如 org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException，DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver 处理Spring自家异常。
• • response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST/*400*/, ex.getMessage());
• 自定义实现 HandlerExceptionResolver 处理异常；可以作为默认的全局异常处理规则

@Order(value= Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)  //优先级，数字越小优先级越高
@Component
public class CustomerHandlerExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
                                         HttpServletResponse response,
                                         Object handler, Exception ex) {

        try {
            response.sendError(511,"我喜欢的错误");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return new ModelAndView();
    }
}

• ErrorViewResolver 实现自定义处理异常

  • response.sendError()，error请求就会转给controller。
  • 你的异常没有任何人能处理，tomcat底层调用response.sendError()，error请求就会转给controller。
  • basicErrorController 要去的页面地址是 ErrorViewResolver 。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {

    ...
    
	@RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE)
	public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
		Map<String, Object> model = Collections
				.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
		response.setStatus(status.value());
		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
		return (modelAndView != null) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);
	}
    
    protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status,
			Map<String, Object> model) {
        //这里用到ErrorViewResolver接口
		for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
			ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
			if (modelAndView != null) {
				return modelAndView;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}
    
    ...
    
}

@FunctionalInterface
public interface ErrorViewResolver {

	ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model);

}

56、原生组件注入-原生注解与Spring方式注入

官方文档 - Servlets, Filters, and listeners

使用原生的注解

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/my")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("66666");
    }
}

@Slf4j
@WebFilter(urlPatterns={"/css/*","/images/*"}) //my
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        log.info("MyFilter初始化完成");
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        log.info("MyFilter工作");
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        log.info("MyFilter销毁");
    }
}

@Slf4j
@WebListener
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {


    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        log.info("MySwervletContextListener监听到项目初始化完成");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        log.info("MySwervletContextListener监听到项目销毁");
    }
}

最后还要在主启动类添加注解@ServletComponentScan

@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.lun")//
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class Boot05WebAdminApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Boot05WebAdminApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Spring方式注入

ServletRegistrationBean, FilterRegistrationBean, and ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)
public class MyRegistConfig {

    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
        MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet();

        return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet,"/my","/my02");
    }


    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){

        MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();
//        return new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter,myServlet());
        FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter);
        filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/my","/css/*"));
        return filterRegistrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
        MySwervletContextListener mySwervletContextListener = new MySwervletContextListener();
        return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(mySwervletContextListener);
    }
}

57、原生组件注入-【源码分析】DispatcherServlet注入原理

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration配置类

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class)
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {

	/*
	 * The bean name for a DispatcherServlet that will be mapped to the root URL "/"
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServlet";

	/*
	 * The bean name for a ServletRegistrationBean for the DispatcherServlet "/"
	 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServletRegistration";

	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
	@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
	protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {

        //创建DispatcherServlet类的Bean
		@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
			DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
			dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
			dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
			return dispatcherServlet;
		}

		@Bean
		@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
		public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
			// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
			return resolver;
		}

	}
    
    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class)
	@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
	@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class)
	protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {

        //注册DispatcherServlet类
		@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
		@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
				WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
			DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
					webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());
			registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
			registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
			multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
			return registration;
		}

	}
    
    ...
    
}

DispatcherServlet默认映射的是 / 路径，可以通过在配置文件修改spring.mvc.servlet.path=/mvc。

58、嵌入式Servlet容器-【源码分析】切换web服务器与定制化

• 默认支持的WebServer

  • Tomcat, Jetty, or Undertow。
  • ServletWebServerApplicationContext容器启动寻找ServletWebServerFactory 并引导创建服务器。

• 原理

  • SpringBoot应用启动发现当前是Web应用，web场景包-导入tomcat。

  • web应用会创建一个web版的IOC容器 ServletWebServerApplicationContext 。

  • ServletWebServerApplicationContext 启动的时候寻找 ServletWebServerFactory （Servlet 的web服务器工厂——>Servlet 的web服务器）。

  • SpringBoot底层默认有很多的WebServer工厂（ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration内创建Bean），如：

    • TomcatServletWebServerFactory
    • JettyServletWebServerFactory
    • UndertowServletWebServerFactory

  • 底层直接会有一个自动配置类ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration。

  • ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration导入了ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration（配置类）。

  • ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration根据动态判断系统中到底导入了那个Web服务器的包。（默认是web-starter导入tomcat包），容器中就有 TomcatServletWebServerFactory

  • TomcatServletWebServerFactory创建出Tomcat服务器并启动；TomcatWebServer 的构造器拥有初始化方法initialize——this.tomcat.start();

  • 内嵌服务器，与以前手动把启动服务器相比，改成现在使用代码启动（tomcat核心jar包存在）。

Spring Boot默认使用Tomcat服务器，若需更改其他服务器，则修改工程pom.xml：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>

官方文档 - Use Another Web Server

定制Servlet容器

• 实现WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory>
• • 把配置文件的值和ServletWebServerFactory进行绑定
• 修改配置文件 server.xxx
• 直接自定义 ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory

xxxxxCustomizer：定制化器，可以改变xxxx的默认规则

import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerFactoryCustomizer;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class CustomizationBean implements WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory> {

    @Override
    public void customize(ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory server) {
        server.setPort(9000);
    }

}

59、定制化原理-SpringBoot定制化组件的几种方式（小结）

定制化的常见方式

• 修改配置文件
• xxxxxCustomizer
• 编写自定义的配置类 xxxConfiguration + @Bean替换、增加容器中默认组件，视图解析器
• Web应用 编写一个配置类实现 WebMvcConfigurer 即可定制化web功能 + @Bean给容器中再扩展一些组件

@Configuration
public class AdminWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
}

• @EnableWebMvc + WebMvcConfigurer — @Bean 可以全面接管SpringMVC，所有规则全部自己重新配置； 实现定制和扩展功能（高级功能，初学者退避三舍）。

  • 原理：

    0. WebMvcAutoConfiguration默认的SpringMVC的自动配置功能类，如静态资源、欢迎页等。

    1. 一旦使用 @EnableWebMvc ，会@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)。

    2. DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration的作用，只保证SpringMVC最基本的使用

       • 把所有系统中的WebMvcConfigurer拿过来，所有功能的定制都是这些WebMvcConfigurer合起来一起生效。
       • 自动配置了一些非常底层的组件，如RequestMappingHandlerMapping，这些组件依赖的组件都是从容器中获取如。
       • public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport。

    3. WebMvcAutoConfiguration里面的配置要能生效必须 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)。

    4. @EnableWebMvc 导致了WebMvcAutoConfiguration 没有生效。

原理分析套路

场景starter - xxxxAutoConfiguration - 导入xxx组件 - 绑定xxxProperties - 绑定配置文件项。

60、数据访问-数据库场景的自动配置分析与整合测试

导入JDBC场景

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

接着导入数据库驱动包（MySQL为例）。

<!--默认版本：-->
<mysql.version>8.0.22</mysql.version>

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <!--<version>5.1.49</version>-->
</dependency>

<!--
想要修改版本
1、直接依赖引入具体版本（maven的就近依赖原则）
2、重新声明版本（maven的属性的就近优先原则）
-->
<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.49</mysql.version>
</properties>

相关数据源配置类

• DataSourceAutoConfiguration ： 数据源的自动配置。

  • 修改数据源相关的配置：spring.datasource。
  • 数据库连接池的配置，是自己容器中没有DataSource才自动配置的。
  • 底层配置好的连接池是：HikariDataSource。

• DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration： 事务管理器的自动配置。

• JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration： JdbcTemplate的自动配置，可以来对数据库进行CRUD。

  • 可以修改前缀为spring.jdbc的配置项来修改JdbcTemplate。
  • @Bean @Primary JdbcTemplate：Spring容器中有这个JdbcTemplate组件，使用@Autowired。

• JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration： JNDI的自动配置。

• XADataSourceAutoConfiguration： 分布式事务相关的。

修改配置项

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

单元测试数据源

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

@SpringBootTest
class Boot05WebAdminApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Test//用@org.junit.Test会报空指针异常，可能跟JUnit新版本有关
    void contextLoads() {
//        jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from account_tbl")
//        jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from account_tbl",)
        Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from account_tbl", Long.class);
        log.info("记录总数：{}",aLong);
    }

}