一、构造签名

class Person {
}

interface ICTORPerson {
    new (): Person
}

function factory(fn: ICTORPerson) {
    const f = new fn()
    return f
}

factory(Person)

二、默认参数

1、函数的参数可以有默认值，有默认值的情况下，参数的类型注解可以省略

2、有默认值的参数，是可以接收一个undefined的值

三、剩余参数

function foo(...args: (string | number)[]) {
}

四、重载签名

1、编写重载签名

function add(arg1: number, arg2: number): number
function add(arg1: string, arg2: string): string

2、编写通用的函数实现

function add(arg1: any, arg2: any): any {
    return arg1 + arg2
}

五、this

1、对象中的函数中的this

const obj = {
    name: "abc",
    studying: function(this: {}) {
        console.log(this, "studying")
    }
}

2、普通函数

function foo(this: {name: string}, info: {name: string}) {
    console.log(this, info)
}

六、this的内置工具

1、ThisParameterType: 获取this类型

function foo(this: {name: string}, info: {name: string}) {
    console.log(this, info)
}

type FooType = typeof foo

type FooThisType = ThisParameterType<FooType>

2、OmitThisParameter: 删除this参数类型，剩余的函数类型

type PureFooType = OmitThisParameter<FooType>

3、thisType: 绑定一个上下文的this

interface IState {
    name: string
    age: number
}

interface IStore {
    state: IState
    eating: () => void
    running: () => void
}

const store: IStore & ThisType<IState> = {
    state: {
        name: "myName",
        age: 21
    },
    eating: function() {
        console.log(this.name)
    },
    running: function() {
        console.log(this.name)
    }
}

store.eating.call(store.state)

七、TS类的使用

1、类的初始化

class Person {
    name: string
    age: number
    
    constructor(name: string, age: number) {
        this.name = name
        this.age = age
    }
    
    eating() {
        console.log(this.name + "eating")
    }
    
    running() {
        console.log(this.name + "running")
    }
}

const p1 = new Person("name1",21)

2、类的修饰符

public 公有属性 默认

private 私有属性 类内部才能访问

protected 受保护属性 在类自身或子类中可见

class Person {
    name: string
    private age: number
    
    constructor(name: string, age: number) {
        this.name = name
        this.age = age
    }
    
    private eating() {
        console.log(this.age)
    }
}

class Student extends Person {
    constructor(name: string, age: number) {
        super(name, age)
    }
    
    running() {
        console.log(this.name)
    }
}