multiline 插件 grok 插件

Mirage1250
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grok 插件

grok 使用文本片段切分的方式来切分日志事件

//内置正则表达式调用

%{SYNTAX:SEMANTIC}

●SYNTAX代表匹配值的类型，例如，0.11可以NUMBER类型所匹配，10.222.22.25可以使用IP匹配。

●SEMANTIC表示存储该值的一个变量声明，它会存储在elasticsearch当中方便kibana做字段搜索和统计，你可以将一个IP定义为客户端IP地址client_ip_address，如%{IP:client_ip_address}，所匹配到的值就会存储到client_ip_address这个字段里边，类似数据库的列名，也可以把event log中的数字当成数字类型存储在一个指定的变量当中， 比如响应时间http_response_time，假设event log record如下:

55.3.244.1 GET /index.html 15824 0.043

可以使用如下grok pattern来匹配这种记录

%{IP:client_id_address} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:http_response_time}

在logstash conf.d文件夹下面创建filter conf文件，内容如下

# /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-filter.conf
filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{IP:client_id_address} %{WORD:method} %{URIPATHPARAM:request} %{NUMBER:bytes} %{NUMBER:http_response_time}" }
  }
}

以下是filter结果

client_id_address: 55.3.244.1
method: GET
request: /index.html
bytes: 15824
http_response_time: 0.043

logstash 官方也给了一些常用的常量来表达那些正则表达式，可以到这个 Github 地址查看有哪些常用的常量：

github.com/logstash-pl…

USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+
USER %{USERNAME}
EMAILLOCALPART [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_.+-=:]+
EMAILADDRESS %{EMAILLOCALPART}@%{HOSTNAME}
INT (?:[+-]?(?:[0-9]+))
BASE10NUM (?<![0-9.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?)|(?:\.[0-9]+)))
NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM})
BASE16NUM (?<![0-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+))
BASE16FLOAT \b(?<![0-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]+)))\b

POSINT \b(?:[1-9][0-9]*)\b
NONNEGINT \b(?:[0-9]+)\b
WORD \b\w+\b
NOTSPACE \S+
SPACE \s*
DATA .*?
GREEDYDATA .*
QUOTEDSTRING (?>(?<!\\)(?>"(?>\\.|[^\\"]+)+"|""|(?>'(?>\\.|[^\\']+)+')|''|(?>(?>\\.|[^\\]+)+)|))
UUID [A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-){3}[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}
# URN, allowing use of RFC 2141 section 2.3 reserved characters
URN urn:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,31}:(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|[0-9A-Za-z()+,.:=@;$_!*'/?#-])+

# Networking
MAC (?:%{CISCOMAC}|%{WINDOWSMAC}|%{COMMONMAC})
CISCOMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}\.){2}[A-Fa-f0-9]{4})
WINDOWSMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}-){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
COMMONMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?
IPV4 (?<![0-9])(?:(?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))(?![0-9])
IP (?:%{IPV6}|%{IPV4})
HOSTNAME \b(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62})(?:\.(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62}))*(\.?|\b)
IPORHOST (?:%{IP}|%{HOSTNAME})
HOSTPORT %{IPORHOST}:%{POSINT}

# paths
PATH (?:%{UNIXPATH}|%{WINPATH})
UNIXPATH (/([\w_%!$@:.,+~-]+|\\.)*)+
TTY (?:/dev/(pts|tty([pq])?)(\w+)?/?(?:[0-9]+))
WINPATH (?>[A-Za-z]+:|\\)(?:\\[^\\?*]*)+
URIPROTO [A-Za-z]([A-Za-z0-9+\-.]+)+
URIHOST %{IPORHOST}(?::%{POSINT:port})?
# uripath comes loosely from RFC1738, but mostly from what Firefox
# doesn't turn into %XX
URIPATH (?:/[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'(){},~:;=@#%&_\-]*)+
#URIPARAM \?(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?(?:&(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?)?)*)?
URIPARAM \?[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'|(){},~@#%&/=:;_?\-\[\]<>]*
URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:%{URIPARAM})?
URI %{URIPROTO}://(?:%{USER}(?::[^@]*)?@)?(?:%{URIHOST})?(?:%{URIPATHPARAM})?

# Months: January, Feb, 3, 03, 12, December
MONTH \b(?:[Jj]an(?:uary|uar)?|[Ff]eb(?:ruary|ruar)?|[Mm](?:a|ä)?r(?:ch|z)?|[Aa]pr(?:il)?|[Mm]a(?:y|i)?|[Jj]un(?:e|i)?|[Jj]ul(?:y)?|[Aa]ug(?:ust)?|[Ss]ep(?:tember)?|[Oo](?:c|k)?t(?:ober)?|[Nn]ov(?:ember)?|[Dd]e(?:c|z)(?:ember)?)\b
MONTHNUM (?:0?[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHNUM2 (?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHDAY (?:(?:0[1-9])|(?:[12][0-9])|(?:3[01])|[1-9])

# Days: Monday, Tue, Thu, etc...
DAY (?:Mon(?:day)?|Tue(?:sday)?|Wed(?:nesday)?|Thu(?:rsday)?|Fri(?:day)?|Sat(?:urday)?|Sun(?:day)?)

# Years?
YEAR (?>\d\d){1,2}
HOUR (?:2[0123]|[01]?[0-9])
MINUTE (?:[0-5][0-9])
# '60' is a leap second in most time standards and thus is valid.
SECOND (?:(?:[0-5]?[0-9]|60)(?:[:.,][0-9]+)?)
TIME (?!<[0-9])%{HOUR}:%{MINUTE}(?::%{SECOND})(?![0-9])
# datestamp is YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.UUUU (or something like it)
DATE_US %{MONTHNUM}[/-]%{MONTHDAY}[/-]%{YEAR}
DATE_EU %{MONTHDAY}[./-]%{MONTHNUM}[./-]%{YEAR}
ISO8601_TIMEZONE (?:Z|[+-]%{HOUR}(?::?%{MINUTE}))
ISO8601_SECOND (?:%{SECOND}|60)
TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 %{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY}[T ]%{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND})?%{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}?
DATE %{DATE_US}|%{DATE_EU}
DATESTAMP %{DATE}[- ]%{TIME}
TZ (?:[APMCE][SD]T|UTC)
DATESTAMP_RFC822 %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{TZ}
DATESTAMP_RFC2822 %{DAY}, %{MONTHDAY} %{MONTH} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}
DATESTAMP_OTHER %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{TZ} %{YEAR}
DATESTAMP_EVENTLOG %{YEAR}%{MONTHNUM2}%{MONTHDAY}%{HOUR}%{MINUTE}%{SECOND}

# Syslog Dates: Month Day HH:MM:SS
SYSLOGTIMESTAMP %{MONTH} +%{MONTHDAY} %{TIME}
PROG [\x21-\x5a\x5c\x5e-\x7e]+
SYSLOGPROG %{PROG:program}(?:\[%{POSINT:pid}\])?
SYSLOGHOST %{IPORHOST}
SYSLOGFACILITY <%{NONNEGINT:facility}.%{NONNEGINT:priority}>
HTTPDATE %{MONTHDAY}/%{MONTH}/%{YEAR}:%{TIME} %{INT}

# Shortcuts
QS %{QUOTEDSTRING}

# Log formats
SYSLOGBASE %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} (?:%{SYSLOGFACILITY} )?%{SYSLOGHOST:logsource} %{SYSLOGPROG}:

# Log Levels
LOGLEVEL ([Aa]lert|ALERT|[Tt]race|TRACE|[Dd]ebug|DEBUG|[Nn]otice|NOTICE|[Ii]nfo|INFO|[Ww]arn?(?:ing)?|WARN?(?:ING)?|[Ee]rr?(?:or)?|ERR?(?:OR)?|[Cc]rit?(?:ical)?|CRIT?(?:ICAL)?|[Ff]atal|FATAL|[Ss]evere|SEVERE|EMERG(?:ENCY)?|[Ee]merg(?:ency)?)


//自定义表达式调用
语法：(?<field_name>pattern)
举例：捕获10或11和长度的十六进制数的queue_id可以使用表达式(?<queue_id>[0-9A-F]{10,11})

55.3.244.1 GET /index.html 15824 0.043

filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "(?<remote_addr>%{IP}) (?<http_method>[A-Z]+) (?<request_uri>/.*) (?<response_bytes>[0-9]+) (?<response_time>[0-9\.]+)"}
  }
}

multiline 插件

java错误日志一般都是一条日志很多行的，会把堆栈信息打印出来，当经过 logstash 解析后，每一行都会当做一条记录存放到 ES，那这种情况肯定是需要处理的。这里就需要使用 multiline 插件，对属于同一个条日志的记录进行拼接。

2022-11-11 17:09:19.774[XNIo-1 task-1]ERROR com.passjava.controlle .NembercController-查询用户 活动数据失败,异常信息为:

com.passjava.exception.MemberException: 当前没有配置活动规则
at com.passjava.service.impL.queryAdmin(DailyServiceImpl.java:1444)
at com.passjava.service.impl.dailyserviceImpL$$FastcLass

2022-11-11 17:10:56.256][KxNIo-1 task-1] ERROR com.passjava.controlle .NemberControl1er·查询员工 饭活动数据失败,异常信息为:

com.passjava.exception.MemberException: 当前没有配置活动规则
at com.passjava.service.impL.queryAdmin(DailyServiceImpl.java:1444)
at com.passjava.service.impL.daiLyserviceImpL$$FastcLass

//安装 multiline 插件 在线安装插件

cd /usr/share/logstash
bin/logstash-plugin install logstash-filter-multiline

离线安装插件 先在有网的机器上在线安装插件，然后打包，拷贝到服务器，执行安装命令

bin/logstash-plugin install file:///usr/share/logstash/logstash-offline-plugins-6.7.2.zip

检查下插件是否安装成功，可以执行以下命令查看插件列表

bin/logstash-plugin list

//使用 multiline 插件 第一步：每一条日志的第一行开头都是一个时间，可以用时间的正则表达式匹配到第一行。 第二步：然后将后面每一行的日志与第一行合并。 第三步：当遇到某一行的开头是可以匹配正则表达式的时间的，就停止第一条日志的合并，开始合并第二条日志。 第四步：重复第二步和第三步。

filter {
  multiline {
    pattern => "^\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}\s\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}.\d{3}"
    negate => true
    what => "previous"
  }
}

pattern: 用来匹配文本的表达式，也可以是grok表达式

what: 如果pattern匹配成功的话，那么匹配行是归属于上一个事件，还是归属于下一个事件。previous: 归属于上一个事件，向上合并。next: 归属于下一个事件，向下合并

negate:是否对 pattern 的结果取反。false: 不取反，是默认值。true: 取反。将多行事件扫描过程中的行匹配逻辑取反（如果pattern匹配失败，则认为当前行是多行事件的组成部分）

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