Question 1

题目

Jane is a Europan and Jack is an American.

译文

简史欧洲人, 杰克是美国人.

题解

用不定冠词a, 还是用不定冠词an, 遵循以下规则:

1. 如果以元音字母开头的单词发元音, 不定冠词用"an". 例如:
   • Do you have an apple or a banana in your hand? 你手里有苹果还是香蕉?
   • Is this a hat or an umbrella? 这是帽子还是雨伞?
2. 如果以元音字母开头的单词发福音, 不定冠词用"a".
   • What is this? This is a uniform. 这是什么? 这是一件制服.
   • France is a European country. 法国是个欧洲国家.
   • He is a one-eyed man. 他是个独眼的人.
3. 如果这个单词是以一个不发音的辅音字母"h"开头, 而单词开头的发音的元音时, 不定冠词用"an".
   • There are sixty minutes in an hour. 一小时有60分钟.
   • He is an honest man. 他是诚实的人.

Question 2

题目

"Tina looks especially pretty tonight". "Yes, she always looks her best in a dress of that colour."

译文

"蒂娜今晚看上去很美". "是的, 她穿那种颜色的衣服都显得特美".

题解

1. 句中短语"look (one's) best"意为"表现出最好的状态", "显得极好看". 例如:
   • You look best in bright red lipstick. 你用鲜艳的红色唇膏看起来最好.
   • What hairstyle do you feel will look best on me? 你觉得什么样的发型看起来最适合我?
2. "dress"是个可数名词, 使用时必须用冠词或复数形式, 或有其他限定词修饰.
3. 冠词是一种虚词, 它不能离开名词而单独存在, 只能附在一个名词前帮助说明其意义. 不定冠词用于泛指时, 指整个类别中的一个代表. "a dress of that color"意为"一件那种颜色的衣服". 本句的含义是蒂娜那种颜色的 (无论哪一件) 衣服都显得很美.
4. 定冠词是基本的用法是特指. 譬如我们可以说"the color of that dress", "那件衣服的颜色". 例如:
   • It was the color of that dress, rather than the style that attracted me. 是那件衣服的颜色, 而非款式吸引了我.
5. "a dress of that color", 意为"一件那种颜色的衣服". 通常不说"the dress of that color".

Question 3

题目

Europe and America are spearated by the Atlantic Ocean.

译文

欧洲与美洲被大西洋分隔开.

题解

1. 人名, 地名等专有名词前, 通常不加冠词. 欧洲, 美洲, 纽约, 北京, 上海都是属于专有名词. 因此, 在使用时都不能在前面加冠词. 例如:
   • Mr. Smith had a friend, who lived in a quiet place in the country. 史密斯先生有一位朋友, 住在乡下的一个安静的地方.
   • The first step is to persuade Muslims that America is not their enemy. 第一步就是让穆斯林国家知道, 美国不是他们的敌人.
   • Beijing is my hometown, so I know the city inside out. 北京是我的故乡, 对这座城市我是太熟悉了.
2. 在表示江, 河, 海洋, 山川等专有名词前通常加定冠词. 例如:
   • the Changjiang River 长江
   • the Enligsh Channel 英吉利海峡
   • the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
   • the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
   • the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山
   • the Rocky Mountains 洛基山脉

Question 4

题目

When he left college, he got a job as a reporter in a newspaper office.

译文

大学毕业后, 他在一家报馆当了名新闻记者.

题解

1. 当college这个个体名词抽象化后, go to college意为"上大学读书", 前面不加冠词. 类似的还有"school", "church"等等.
   • We go to school at seven in the morning. 我们早晨七点去上学.
   • All people that go to church look happy. 所有去教堂做礼拜的人都显得很高兴.

Question 5

题目

A Mr. Chen is waiting outside to speak to you. He appears to be quite an important person.

译文

有位姓陈的先生在外面等着与你讲话. 他看上去是个十分重要的人物.

题解

1. 在一个带称号, 称呼, 头衔的"姓"前, 用不定冠词"a", 意为"一位姓...的小姐/先生", 表示说话人对此人不认识.
   • A Miss Rosa came to see you this afternoon. 今天下午一个叫罗莎的小姐来找你.
   • A Mr. Smith from Sydney is asking for manager. 悉尼来的一位叫史密斯的先生要求见经理.
2. 一位重要人物: "an important person", 应用用不定冠词"an".

Question 6

题目

It is a world of wonders, a world where anything can happen.

译文

这是一个充满神奇的世界, 一个什么事情都可能发生的世界.

题目

1. "a world of"意为"大量的, 很多", 也可以译为"一个充满...的世界". 例如:
   • The young always live in a world of fantasy. 年轻人总是生活在一个充满幻想的世界中.
   • It was a world of doing business over dinners in which Mr. Ward, with his appreciation of good food an fine wine, was at ease. 这是一个在餐桌上谈生意的年代, 热爱美酒佳肴的沃德先生在其中可谓如鱼得水.
2. 本题是一个重复型的同位定语从句, 即作同位语的名词"a world"后先跟一个"of wonders"修饰, 然后重复先行词"a world", 再接定语从句, 本题被"where anything can happen"修饰.
   • He is a man of strong character, a man who will fight for what is right. 他是一个性格刚强的人, 一个愿为正义而战斗的人.

Question 7

题目

"Jack, did you see all the acts?" "No, When I got to the theatre, they were already playing Act Two.

译文

"杰克, 你每一幕都看了吗?" "没有. 当我到达剧院时, 他们已经在演第二幕了."

题解

1. 编号有以下两种表示法: 第一种: 事物名词 (不加冠词) + 数词. 例如:
   • Lesson Three: "To Lead Is to Serve" 第三课: "领导就是服务".
   • Part two is field survey. 第二部分是现场调查. 第二种: 定冠词the + 序数词 + 事物名词.
   • The second part is on relationships between the education of sustainable development and the environmental education. 第二部分是论可持续发展教育与环境教育的关系.
   • The first lesson is easier than the second lesson. 第一课比第二课容易.

Question 8

题目

Throughout the entire day, there's not a minute when we're not on the run.

译文

我们整天没有一分钟停歇.

题解

1. 短语"on the run"意为"在逃, 跑着, 奔波". 例如:
   • Mon has been on the run all week preparing for Tom's wedding. 母亲为准备汤姆的婚礼已经整整忙了一星期了.
   • He never stands still; he's always on the run. 他从不站着不动, 他总是永不疲倦的奔跑.
2. 某些与动词同形的名词前加上定冠词可以构成这些词组. 类似的还有:
   • on the rise 在上升; on the watch 提防着; on the fall 在下降
   • China and India are on the rise. 中国和印度正在崛起.
   • The temperature in this region is on the fall. 这个地区的气温在不断下降.

Question 9

题目

The Suez Canal brought the east and the west closer.

译文

苏伊士运河将东方和西方更紧密地连在一起.

题解

1. 表示运河, 海峡的名词如"canal", "channel", "strait"前, 用定冠词the. 例如:
   • The English Channel divides England from France. 英吉利海峡把英国和法国隔开.
   • The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are of the same flesh and blood. 台湾海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞, 手足兄弟.
2. 在表方位, 方向名词前, 用定冠词the. 例如:
   • Much of the East and the South now get more rain than a century ago. 在东部和南部的多数地区比一个世纪前有更多的雨水.
   • Are most of the lakes located in the north cetral region? 大部分湖泊都在北部中心地区吗?
3. 但是, 方位词用作状语时, 前面不加冠词. 例如:
   • He lives in the house whose windows face south. 他住在那个面朝南的房子里.
   • He decided to said west from Europe to reach Asia. 因此, 他决定从欧洲向西方航行到达亚洲.

Question 10

题目

I can't remember a Christmas when it snowed so much.

译文

我不记得有哪一个圣诞节雪下得如此多.

题解

1. 不定冠词用于一个带修饰词的专有名词前, 表示该专有名词一时的特点. 例如:
   • I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. 希望你圣诞假快乐, 新年愉快.
   • On a cold Saturday in December I visited a local store and bought a secondhand mobile phone. 在十二月的一个寒冷的星期六, 我去一家当地商店买了一个二手的手机.
2. 有时, 这个专有名词前也可以不带修饰语, 表示不确定指哪一个. 例如:
   • He came on a Saturday and left on the Monday. 他是在一个星期六来的, 星期一就离开了.
   • On a January day in 1921, a middle-aged Negro man sat in a room of the Capitol Building in Washington. 1921年1月的一天, 一位中年黑人男子端坐在华盛顿特区国会大厦的一个房间里.

Question 11

题目

The policeman caught the thief by the arm.

译文

警察抓住了小偷的手臂.

题解

1. 定冠词用于表示人体部位的名词前, 代替物主代词, 其结构是:
   • 及物动词 + 宾语 + 介词 + the + 身体部位
   • He grasped me by the arm. 他抓住我的手臂.
   • He hit the man right on the nose. 他正好打中那人得鼻子.

Question 12

题目

The U.S.A lies on the other side of the Ocean Pacific.

译文

美国在太平洋的另一边.

题解

1. 英语的"美国 (the United States of America)" 是一个由普通名词构成的专有名词. 凡是一个由普通名词构成的专有名词, 前面应该加定冠词the. 例如:
   • What was the best place you visited in the USA ? 你在美国见到的最好的地方是哪里?
   • When did the Bank of England become the official central bank of the United Kingdom? 英格兰银行什么时候成为联合王国的官方中央银行的呢?
2. 在表示海洋的名词前也应该用定冠词the. 例如:
   • Charles Lindbergh decided to fly across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. 1927年, 查尔斯.林德伯格决定飞越大西洋.
   • Thousands of people still remember the deadly that struck the beaches on the Indian Ocean. 成千上万的人仍然记得袭击印度洋周边沙滩的灾难性飓风.

Question 13

题目

The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country.

译文

黄河是中国的第二大河流.

题解

1. 在表示江, 河, 海洋, 山川等专有名词前通常加定冠词. 例如:
   • The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. 密西西比河是世界上最长的河流之一.
   • The Rhine springs from the south of Switzerland. 莱茵河发源于瑞士南部.
2. 在序数词前加定冠词. 例如:
   • England fought against Germany in the First World War. 英国在第一次世界大战时与德国打仗.
   • China is the third largest movie-producing country, behind India and America. 中国目前是仅次于印度和美国的世界第三大电影生产国.

Question 14

题目

Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other students in our class.

译文

汤姆拥有比班上任何人都更丰富的藏书.

题解

1. 句中的"a collection of"是个短语, 意为"许多的", "一批". 例如:
   • Our library has a large collection of books. 我们图书馆拥有大量的藏书.
   • The Tate Gallery has a fine collection of modern pictures. 塔特美术馆收藏了一批很好的现代绘画.
2. 在表示数量概念的限定词"a collection of"以及"a couple of", "a pile of" 等后接名词时, 不必再加冠词. 例如:
   • I need a couple of days to think it over. 我需要两三天的时间把这件事仔细地考虑一下.
   • They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. 他们在一堆树叶下面发现了那具尸体.

Question 15

题目

For a long time they walked without saying a word, Jim was the first to break the silence.

译文

他们在行走时有好长时间没说一句话. 吉姆是第一个打破沉默的人.

题解

1. 本题"word"含义为"话语". "say a word"意为"说一句话". 例如:
   • He is so moved that he can not say a word. 他感动得连一句话也说不出来.
   • He tried to say something but he was too weak to say a word. 他努力地想说些什么, 但是他太虚弱了, 一个字也说不出.
2. "打破沉默"英语为"break the silence". 此处在抽象名词去加定冠词是有特指的含义. 例如:
   • To break the silence, he told a joke to entertain us. 为打破沉默, 他讲了一个笑话使我们高兴.
   • I break the silence now because I want the facts known. 我之所以打破缄默是因为我想将事实公布于众。

Question 16

题目

The most important thing about cotton in history is the part that it played in the Industrial Revolution.

译文

对于棉花来说, 最重要的就是历史上它在工业革命中所起的作用.

题解

1. 短语"play a part"意为"扮演一个角色, 起一份作用". 例如:
   • But like many cases, luck also seems to play a part. 但是, 就像许多案件一样, 运气也起到了作用.
   • The reason for it is that she had played a wrong part in the event. 原因是她在这事情中扮演了一个错误的角色.
2. 当"part"被"that it played"时, 在"part"前应该加定冠词. 例如:
   • However, this will mean that you need to take a look at the part you have played in shping those experiences. 然而, 这意味着你需要仔细看看你在这些经历中扮演的角色.
   • I am asked to play the part of Jane. 他们要我扮演简的角色.
3. 英语的"工业革命 (the Industrial Revolution)" 是个有普通名词构成的专有名词, 因此, 前面必须加定冠词.

Question 17

题目

The Wilsons live in an A-shaped house near the coast. It is a 17th century cottage.

译文

威尔森一家住在海边一个A字形的房子里. 这是一幢17世纪的小别墅.

题解

1. 住在"一个房子里", 或是"一幢小别墅里", 都应该用不定冠词.
2. 一个名词前用不定冠词"a"还是"an", 取决于该单词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头. "A-shaped"的读音以元音开头. 所以应该用"an". 例如:
   • Look! You got an A this time. 看! 你这次得了个优.
   • She's got an egg-shaped face, a little nose. 她长着鹅蛋脸, 小鼻子.
   • It has a bigger bedroom and an odd-shaped bathroom. 房子有间大卧室和一个老式卫生间.
3. 说"一个17世纪的小别墅"用不定冠词. 例如:
   • He was a seventeenth-century writer. 他是一名17世纪的作家.
   • We had our wedding reception in a sixteenth cnetury castle. 我们的婚宴在一个16世纪的城堡里举行.

Question 18

题目

I came to the door and found that he was not the Mr. Smith that I knew.

译文

我走到门口, 发现他不是我所认识的那个史密斯先生.

题解

1. 当人名或地名被of属格或后置定语修饰, 转化为普通名词时, 前面加定冠词, 表示别的人或物具有该专有名词的特质. 例如:
   • He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿.
   • March toward the Shanghai of 21 century! 迈向21世纪的上海.
2. 在一个带称号, 称呼, 头衔的"姓"前用不定冠词时, 意为"一位姓...的小姐/先生", 表示说话人对此人不认识. 例如:
   • A Smith is waiting for you at the station. 一个叫史密斯的人在车站等你.
   • Sorry, wrong number, there isn't a Mr. Zhang here. 对不起, 你打错电话了. 这儿没一个姓张的先生.
3. 本题说"我所认识的那个..."显然是特指.

Question 19

题目

"Those boys are together again!" "They are up to no god. See, they are brid of a feather.

译文

"那些孩子又聚在一起了". "他们不干好事. 瞧, 他们是一丘之貉".

题解

1. 句中"up to no good"是个短语, 意为"图谋不轨, 惹是生非". 例如:
   • I don't knw why he's here, but I bet he is up to no good. 我不知道他为什么在这儿, 但我肯定他不怀好意.
   • Where's that naughty child now? I'm sure he'll be up to no good wherever he is. 那调皮的孩子哪儿去了? 我看, 他到哪儿也做不出好事来.
2. 本题用了"be of a + 名词"的结构, 表示不同事物的共同性, 意为"相同". 例如:
   • They are people of a kind. 他们是同样的人.
   • The saying that "birds of a feather flock together" is very true. 有句谚语叫"物以类聚人以群分"是个真理.
   • I'm not surprised those two are such frinends; they're birds of a feather. 那个两个人交情这么好, 我不惊讶, 他们是一丘之貉嘛.

Question 20

题目

What fun it is to travel in a spaceship!

译文

乘坐宇宙飞船去旅行是多么开心的事!

题解

1. 句中"fun"意为"娱乐, 乐趣", 是个不可数名词, 前面不加冠词. 例如:
   • Oh! What fun it is to ride in a one-horse open sleigh! 奥! 在单马拉的敞篷雪橇上飞驰是多么有趣的一件事.
   • Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body's temperature. 吃雪可能是很有趣的事情, 但是会降低地温.
2. 句中"spaceship"意为"宇宙飞船", 是个可数名词, 在单数明长城前面应该加冠词. 例如:
   • He went around the earth in a spaceship. 他坐在宇宙飞船上围绕着地球飞行.
   • The spaceship will soon be launched; the people at control have already begun to count down. 宇宙飞船很快就要发射, 控制室的人已经开始在倒计时了.

Question 21

题目

It was evening before we reached the little town.

译文

我们到达那个小镇前已是傍晚时分.

题解

1. 当时间名词 (日, 夜, 早, 晚, 周, 年等) 表示抽象意义或一般意义时, 前面不加冠词. 本题的"evening"就是属于一般意义. 例如:
   • Morning is the best time for study. 早晨是学习的最好时间.
   • Towards evening, the boat struck a rcok and the girl jumped into the sea. 临近傍晚, 小船撞在一块礁石上, 姑娘跳进了海里.
   • It was late afternoon when they reached the small village. 她们抵达这条小山村时, 已是黄昏时分.
2. 只有在表示特定的时间概念或某一段特定的时间时, 前面才加冠词. 本题不属于这一概念. 例如:
   • The next train leaves at two fifteen in the morning. 下一班火车会在凌晨两点十五分离开.
   • He always does his homework in the evening. 他总是在晚上做家庭作业.
3. 在"little town"前应该加冠词, 因为它是个可数名词.

Question 22

题目

We must pay special attention to the idioms of the English language.

译文

我们必须特别注意英语语言中的习语.

题解

1. 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词. 例如:
   • We learn Chinese, English and math in our classroom. 我们在教室里学习汉语, 英语和数学.
   • Canadian people also speak French. 加拿大人也讲法语.
2. 但是, 在"the Chinese language", "the English language"中要用定冠词. 例如:
   • I like the Chinese language. I especially love traditional Chinese culture and arts. 我喜欢中文, 特别热爱中华文化传统艺术.

Question 23

题目

Of the two handkerchiefs I'd like to choose the less expensive one.

译文

这两块手帕中我选了便宜些的那一块.

题解

1. 手帕的复苏形式有两种: "handkerchiefs"或"handkerchieves". 类似的还有 "围巾"-"scarfs / scarves". 例如:
   • Please show me some handkerchiefs. 请拿些手帕给我看看.
   • While I have the iron on, I'll just finish those handkerchieves. 我既然开着电熨斗, 就把那些手帕熨完吧.
2. 说在两个或物之间"较为...", 用形容词比较级, 且比较级前必须用定冠词起特指作用. 例如:
   • Tom is the taller of the two boys. 汤姆是两个男孩中比较高的那个.
   • The heavier of the two bags is full of bottles of water. 两个包中较重的那个是装满了水的瓶子.

Question 24

题目

"How did you pay the workers?" "As a rule, they were paid by the hour."

译文

"你是如何给工人们付工资的?" "通常他们的报酬以小时计算."

题解

1. 表计量标准的一些词组, 其结构为: by the + 单数名词.在名词前必须用定冠词, 例如:
   • Cleaning workers usually get paid by the hour. 清洁工人通常按小时付报酬.
   • Most British workers get their wages by the week. 多数英国工人的工资是每周领取的.
   • Sugar is sold by the pound. 糖是论磅出售的.
   • The eggs are sold by the dozen. 这些鸡蛋论打出售的.

Question 25

题目

A new moon is hanging in the sky.

译文

一轮新月高挂在空中.

题解

1. 按照英语语法规则, 指世界上独一无二的东西如太阳, 月亮, 地球, 天空等前必须用定冠词. 但是当这些名词被一个描绘性形容词修饰时, 则用不定冠词. 例如:
   • This can only happen during a new moon, when the Sun and Moon are in conjunction as seen from the Earth. 这只能发生在一轮新月出现时, 从地球上看那时太阳和月亮处在一个合点上.
   • The movie ends with a close-up fade against a stormy sky. 电影的结尾是一个以暴风雨天空为背景的特写淡出镜头.

Question 26

题目

"Where is your school located, Bob?" "On Fifth Avenue."

译文

"你的学校坐落在哪里?" "在第五大道."

题解

1. 人名, 地名, 路名, 街道名称等专有名词前一般不加冠词. 例如:
   • This is my cousin, Billy Smith. 这是我的堂弟, 比利.史密斯.
   • Well, I want to fly to Shanghai tomorrow. 喔, 我想明天坐飞机去上海.
   • Can you tell me how to get to Nanjing Road? 你能不能告诉我怎么去南京路?
   • The red flags are flying over Tian An Men Square. 天安门广场上红旗飘扬.
   • Can you tell me the way to Beijing Zoo? 你能告诉我到北京动物的路吗?
2. "第五大道"是一条街名, 应该用大写, 且前面不加冠词.

Question 27

题目

What interesting work he is dong.

译文

他做着多么有趣的工作呀!

题解

1. 当"work"含义为"工作"时是个不可数名词, 即使前面有描绘性形容词修饰, 说"有趣的工作", "work"一词前仍不加冠词. 例如:
   • Then you many know that it is hard work. 那你可能知道这是份辛苦的工作.
   • I have discovered the secret of happiness --- it is wokr, either with the hands or the head. 我已经发现快乐的秘密 --- 那就是工作, 无论是用手还是用脑.

Question 28

题目

Einstein my be called the Newton of our times.

译文

爱因斯坦可以被称作我们时代的牛顿.

题解

1. 解答本科可参看18题: 当人名或地名被of属格或后置定语修饰, 转化为普通名词时, 前面加定冠词, 表示别的人或物具有该专有名词的特质. 例如:
   • He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿.
   • March toward the Shanghai of 21 century! 迈向21世纪的上海!
   • This is not the Smith I was thinking of. 这不是我想到的那个史密斯.

Question 29

题目

Mary has received a lot of gifts from her friends for her twenty-first birthday.

译文

玛丽在她21岁生日那天收到朋友送来的礼物.

题解

1. 句中的21岁生日, 不是指21个生日, 而是指第21个生日. 因此应该选用序数词, 而不是基数词.
2. 序数词的构成是 基数词后加"th"构成的. 例如:
   • Towards evening on the sixth her determination to go away again revived. 六号那天傍晚的时候, 她要走的决心有活了.
   • Nigeria is the eight biggest oil exporter in the world. 尼日利亚是世界上第八大石油输出国.
3. 两位或两位以上的数词把基数词的最后一个数词变成序数词. 例如:
   • I have another unit on the twenty-second floor. The view is much better. 我有另一个在二十二楼的写字间, 景观好多了.
   • Where will the thirty-first Olympic Games be held? 第三十一届奥运会将在哪儿举行?

Question 30

题目

It is a long time since I had the pleasure of seeing you.

译文

自从上次有幸遇见你, 我们已经好久不见了.

题解

1. 句中的"pleasure"是个抽象名词, 通常抽象名词前是不加冠词的. 但当该抽象名词被后置定语修饰表示特定概念时, 就应该加定冠词. 例如:
   • Only a strong man can enjoy the pleasure of life. 唯有身体强壮的人才能享受人生的乐趣.
   • Listen to the advice given by those with experience. 听取有经验人提的建议.
   • We never know the love of the parents until we become parents ourselves. 我们从来不知道父母的爱, 直到我们自己成为了父母时.
2. 若抽象名词其后的修饰语表示"一种", "一类"时, 可用不定冠词. 但本题不符合此情景. 例如:
   • It's pleasure to team up with such excellent workers. 和这样出色的工人一起干活是一件愉快的事情.
   • A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. 美丽的东西永远都让人赏心悦目.

Question 31

题目

When he moved to Germany in the fifties, he was already in his sixties.

译文

他五十年代他移居德国时已经六十几岁了.

题解

1. 表示"在几十年代"用"in + the + 逢十的数词复数". 例如:
   • It was fashionable in the sixties but definitely out of date in the eighties. 那在六十年代是时髦的, 但在八十年代肯定是过时了.
   • He took part in the student's movement in the early firties. 在四十年代初, 他参加了学生运动.
2. 表示"在几十几岁"用"in + one's + 逢十的数词复数". 例如:
   • In his fifties, he began to learn the second language. 在他五十几岁的时候, 他开始学习第二语言.
   • He became rich and famous in his twenties. 他二十几岁的时候成了个有钱的名人.

Question 32

题目

He has been here for two and a half months.

译文

他来这儿已经两个半月了.

题解

1. 不定冠词与"half"连用时, 不定冠词a / an 可置于half前或后. 例如:
   • In one day they eat about half a kilogram of leaves. 它们一天吃掉约半公斤的树叶.
   • Instead of walking a half hour to work, you now drive a half hour to work. 换句话说, 你以前每天走半个小时路去上班, 现在则是开半个小时车去上班.
2. 当"half"和"a"与"and"连用时, 只能说"数词 + and a half + (名词复数)", 或"数词 + 名词复数 + and a half". 不说"数词 + and half a + 名词". 例如:
   • The traveling time is ten and a half hours. 旅行时间是十个半小时.
   • We have been in thus school for five months and a half. 我们在这所学校已有五个半月了.

Question 33

题目

Almost all sorts of fruit are sold by weight. Eggs are sold by the dozen.

译文

几乎所有水果都是以重量出售的, 鸡蛋则是论打出售.

题解

句中by的用法应该注意以下几点:

1. 指"行为方式", 其结构为: "by + 接单数名词(不加冠词)". 例如:
   • They were charging us by volume rather than by weight. 他们是按体积而不是按重量向我们收费.
   • Many studies have shown that most colds are caught by hand. 许多研究表明大多数的感冒是通过手传染的.
2. 表示"以...计", 其结构为: "by + the + 计量单位 (必须用单数)". 例如:
   • He bought them by the dozen; it was cheaper. 他是成打买的, 这样较便宜.
   • Bicycles can be hired by the hour or by the day. 自行车可按小时或天数计费租借使用.
3. 本题第一个空格是指"行为方式", 不加冠词. 第二个空格指"成打地卖", "以打计算", 要加冠词.

Question 34

题目

How different is the impression produced by the Shanghai of today!

译文

今天的上海给留下的印象是多么的不同呀!

题解

1. 当人名或地名被of属格或后置定语修饰, 转化为普通名词, 表示别的人或物具有该专有名词的特质时, 该人名或地名要加冠词. 例如:
   • Suzhou is the Venice of China. 苏州是中国的威尼斯.
   • He realized he no longer saw the blue skies of the Beijing of his boyhood, or the courtyard tress he had loved to climb. 他发现, 孩提时代的北京蓝天, 儿时乐于攀爬的庭院树木, 再也看不到了.

Question 35

题目

There were two score of people in the room.

译文

房间里有四十个人.

题解

句中的score意为"二十", 用法如下:

1. 说50年: two score and ten years. 例如:
   • Two score and ten years ago I lent you one hundred dollars. How much do you own me with interest now. 五十年前我借给你100美元, 到如今, 加上利息你共欠我多少?
2. 说65人: three score and five people. 但说60人: three score of people. 中间应该加of. 例如:
   • Three score of people attended his lecture. 有60人聆听了他的讲座.
3. 说"许多"用"scores of". 例如:
   • He's been to Hong Kong scores of times. 他曾多次去过香港.

Question 36

题目

He, as director of the company, attended the meeting.

译文

他, 一个公司的主管, 参加了会议.

题解

1. 当某个独一无二的身份或职务 (即只有一个担任此职务或正职) 作表语, 补语或同位语时, 前面不加冠词. 例如:
   • He is head of a small trading company. 他是一家小贸易公司的领导.
   • He was made head of the Department of International Magical Cooperation. 他被选为国际魔法合作司的司长.
   • This is Jack MacNeil, director of the Marketing Department. 这位是杰克.麦克尼尔, 市场部的经理.

Question 37

题目

He bought two dozen copies of the magazine.

译文

他买了二十四本杂志.

题解

句中的dozen意为"一打, 十二个", 其用法如下:

1. 当"dozen"与数词或"many", "several"等连用时, 不加"s", 所修饰的名词前常省去"of". 例如:
   • Last month, we ordered two dozen copies of Write for Modern Business from you. 我们于上个月向贵方订购《现代商务制胜英文书信》二十四本。
   • Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week. 我家饲养的鸡给我们提供鸡蛋, 每星期还能剩余几十个出售.
2. 下面的表达形式中用"数词 + dozen of"修饰名词, 因为习惯上"dozen"修饰these, those, them, us等词时,加"of". 例如:
   • He would like two dozen of them. 他想要 (他们中的) 两打.
   • The teacher bought three dozen of these copybooks for his pupils. 老师给他的学生买来了三打这样的习字帖.

Question 38

题目

Lesson Twelve is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult lesson in Book One.

译文

第十二课是一篇很难的课文, 但不是第一册中最难的.

题解

1. 当最高级不表示最高含义, 意为"非常"解时, 用不定冠词a, 不用定冠词the. 例如:
   • This is a most touching story. 这是一个极为动人的故事.
   • A good book is a best friend who never turns his back upon us.好书如至友, 永远不相负.
2. 根据本句的含义, 第二空格中应该用"the", 意为"不是最难的".

Question 39

题目

My monther and I wanted to see a new play, but we weren't able to get the tickets for the two of us.

译文

我母亲和我想去看戏, 但是我们无法为我两人买到票.

题解

1. 说"我们5人", "你们3人"时, 常在数词前加定冠词: "the five of us", "the three of you". 例如:
   • The two of them wasted no time that morning. 他们两那天早上一点时间都没浪费.
   • The last bus had gone, so the three of us shared a taxi. 最后一班公交车开走了, 于是我们三个人打了一辆出租车走了.

Question 40

题目

He was a medical student before he turned writer.

译文

他在成为作家之前是个学医学的学生.

题解

1. 当"turn"含义为"变成", "成为"时, 后接的名词 (表示某种职业) 前不加冠词. 例如:
   • Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned wirter. 鲁迅在成为作家之前是个医生.
   • Lawton was an amateur singer until the age of 40, when he turned professional. 劳顿本是个业余歌手, 直到40岁才成为专业歌手.