数据结构与算法 【图】

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定义

图是一种数据结构,由一组节点或顶点以及一组表示这些节点之间连接的边组成。

图可以是有向的或无向的,而它们的边可以分配数字代表权重。

图数据结构中的每个节点都必须具有以下属性:

  • key: 节点的键
  • value: 节点的值

图数据结构中的每条边都必须具有以下属性:

  • a: 边的起始节点

  • b: 边的目标节点

  • weight:边缘

图数据结构的主要操作是:

  • addNode:插入具有特定键和值的新节点
  • addEdge:在两个给定节点之间插入一条新边,可选择设置其权重
  • removeNode:删除具有指定键的节点
  • removeEdge:删除两个给定节点之间的边
  • findNode:检索具有给定键的节点
  • hasEdge: 检查图在两个给定节点之间是否有边
  • setEdgeWeight: 设置给定边的权重
  • getEdgeWeight: 获取给定边的权重
  • adjacent:从给定节点查找存在边的所有节点
  • indegree:计算给定节点的总边数
  • outdegree:
class Graph {
  constructor(directed = true) {
    this.directed = directed;
    this.nodes = [];
    this.edges = new Map();
  }

  addNode(key, value = key) {
    this.nodes.push({ key, value });
  }

  addEdge(a, b, weight) {
    this.edges.set(JSON.stringify([a, b]), { a, b, weight });
    if (!this.directed)
      this.edges.set(JSON.stringify([b, a]), { a: b, b: a, weight });
  }

  removeNode(key) {
    this.nodes = this.nodes.filter(n => n.key !== key);
    [...this.edges.values()].forEach(({ a, b }) => {
      if (a === key || b === key) this.edges.delete(JSON.stringify([a, b]));
    });
  }

  removeEdge(a, b) {
    this.edges.delete(JSON.stringify([a, b]));
    if (!this.directed) this.edges.delete(JSON.stringify([b, a]));
  }

  findNode(key) {
    return this.nodes.find(x => x.key === key);
  }

  hasEdge(a, b) {
    return this.edges.has(JSON.stringify([a, b]));
  }

  setEdgeWeight(a, b, weight) {
    this.edges.set(JSON.stringify([a, b]), { a, b, weight });
    if (!this.directed)
      this.edges.set(JSON.stringify([b, a]), { a: b, b: a, weight });
  }

  getEdgeWeight(a, b) {
    return this.edges.get(JSON.stringify([a, b])).weight;
  }

  adjacent(key) {
    return [...this.edges.values()].reduce((acc, { a, b }) => {
      if (a === key) acc.push(b);
      return acc;
    }, []);
  }

  indegree(key) {
    return [...this.edges.values()].reduce((acc, { a, b }) => {
      if (b === key) acc++;
      return acc;
    }, 0);
  }

  outdegree(key) {
    return [...this.edges.values()].reduce((acc, { a, b }) => {
      if (a === key) acc++;
      return acc;
    }, 0);
  }
}
const g = new Graph();

g.addNode('a');
g.addNode('b');
g.addNode('c');
g.addNode('d');

g.addEdge('a', 'c');
g.addEdge('b', 'c');
g.addEdge('c', 'b');
g.addEdge('d', 'a');

g.nodes.map(x => x.value);  // ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
[...g.edges.values()].map(({ a, b }) => `${a} => ${b}`);
// ['a => c', 'b => c', 'c => b', 'd => a']

g.adjacent('c');            // ['b']

g.indegree('c');            // 2
g.outdegree('c');           // 1

g.hasEdge('d', 'a');        // true
g.hasEdge('a', 'd');        // false

g.removeEdge('c', 'b');

[...g.edges.values()].map(({ a, b }) => `${a} => ${b}`);
// ['a => c', 'b => c', 'd => a']

g.removeNode('c');

g.nodes.map(x => x.value);  // ['a', 'b', 'd']
[...g.edges.values()].map(({ a, b }) => `${a} => ${b}`);
// ['d => a']

g.setEdgeWeight('d', 'a', 5);
g.getEdgeWeight('d', 'a');  // 5