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摘要：Nginx是一款自由的、开源的、高性能的HTTP服务器和反向代理服务器
前言:
Nginx是一款自由的、开源的、高性能的HTTP服务器和反向代理服务器；
同时也是一个IMAP、POP3、SMTP代理服务器；
nginx可以作为一个HTTP服务器进行网站的发布处理，
另外nginx可以作为反向代理进行负载均衡的实现。
1.反向代理
反向代理的处理方式，例如某大型网站，每天同时连接到网站的访问人数已经爆表，
单个服务器不能满足用户访问量的要求，就出现分布式部署；
也就就是用户访问URL时，nginx通过一定的规则把用户的请求分发到不同的服务器上，实现负载均衡。
实际运行方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，
然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，
并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，
此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个服务器
2.nginx安装部署
通过https://nginx.org/en/download.html 下载即可
3.常用命令
start nginx --启动命令
强制停止nginx服务器，如果有未处理的数据，丢弃
nginx -s stop
如果有未处理的数据，等待处理完成之后停止
nginx -s quit
重新加载
nginx -s reload
4.配置文件
`#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream backserver {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
server 127.0.0.1:8081;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://backserver;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream backserver {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
server 127.0.0.1:8081;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://backserver;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
4.nginx负载均衡算法
4.1 轮询（默认）
upstream backserver {
server 192.168.0.14;
server 192.168.0.15;
}
4.2 指定权重
指定轮询几率，weight和访问比率成正比，用于后端服务器性能不均的情况。
upstream backserver {
server 192.168.0.14 weight=10;
server 192.168.0.15 weight=10;
}
4.3 IP绑定
ip_hash每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配
这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决集群部署环境下session共享的问题。
upstream backserver {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.0.14:88;
server 192.168.0.15:80;
}每个请求按访问ip的hash结果分配，
这样每个访客固定访问一个后端服务器，可以解决集群部署环境下session共享的问题。
upstream backserver {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.0.14:88;
server 192.168.0.15:80;
}
