通常,我们使用java遍历数组时会使用这样的for循环进行遍历数组。
for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){
System.out.println(arr[i]);
}
将上述程序中的i带作用抽象化、通用化后形成的模式就是Iterator模式。先看一段程序,这段程序通过描述了书本和书架的关系来解释了Iterator模式。
Aggregate接口,定义了创建Iterator接口的(抽象)方法。
public interface Aggregate {
public abstract Iterator iterator();
}
Iterator接口,负责定义按顺序遍历元素的接口。
public interface Iterator {
public abstract boolean hasNext();
public abstract Object next();
}
Book类
public class Book {
private String name;
public Book(String name){this.name = name;}
public String getName(){return name;}
}
BookShelf类(书架类),定义了书架放书、遍历书的方法。
public class BookShelf implements Aggregate{
private Book[] books;
private int last = 0;
public BookShelf(int maxsize) {
this.books = new Book[maxsize];
}
public Book getBookAt(int index){
return books[index];
}
public void appendBook(Book book){
this.books[last] = book;
last++;
}
public int getLength(){
return last;
}
public Iterator iterator(){
return new BookShelfIterator(this);
}
}
BookShelfIterator类,具体的迭代器
public class BookShelfIterator implements Iterator {
private BookShelf bookShelf;
private int index;
public BookShelfIterator(BookShelf bookShelf) {
this.bookShelf = bookShelf;
this.index = 0;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(index < bookShelf.getLength()){
return true;
}else {
return false;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
Book book = bookShelf.getBookAt(index);
index++;
return book;
}
}
主函数main
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookShelf bookShelf = new BookShelf(4);
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("Around the World in 80 Days"));
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("Bible"));
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("Cinderella"));
bookShelf.appendBook(new Book("Daddy-Long-legs"));
Iterator it = bookShelf.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()){
Book book = (Book) it.next();
System.out.println(book.getName());
}
}
}
程序中定义了迭代器的创建接口,书架类通过实现Aggregate接口实现抽象方法来创建迭代器对象,通过迭代器对象来对元素进行遍历。
使用Iterator的好处就是,如果我们现在不想用数组来存储了,可能要换成ArrayList,很方便就换了,Iterator模式弱化了类之间的耦合性。Iterator中的hasNext与next方法与BookShelf无关,我们不用管BookShelf如何变化,只要BookShelf的iterator方法能够正确的返回Iterator的实例就行。