Go 字符串格式化符号:

格  式	描  述
%v	按值的本来值输出
%+v	在 %v 基础上，对结构体字段名和值进行展开
%#v	输出 Go 语言语法格式的值
%T	输出 Go 语言语法格式的类型和值
%%	输出 % 本体
%b	整型以二进制方式显示
%o	整型以八进制方式显示
%d	整型以十进制方式显示
%x	整型以十六进制方式显示
%X	整型以十六进制、字母大写方式显示
%U	Unicode 字符
%f	浮点数
%p	指针，十六进制方式显示

demo

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

type point struct {
    x, y int
}

func main() {

    p := point{1, 2}
    fmt.Printf("struct1: %v\n", p)

    fmt.Printf("struct2: %+v\n", p)

    fmt.Printf("struct3: %#v\n", p)

    fmt.Printf("type: %T\n", p)

    fmt.Printf("bool: %t\n", true)

    fmt.Printf("int: %d\n", 123)

    fmt.Printf("bin: %b\n", 14)

    fmt.Printf("char: %c\n", 33)

    fmt.Printf("hex: %x\n", 456)

    fmt.Printf("float1: %f\n", 78.9)

    fmt.Printf("float2: %e\n", 123400000.0)
    fmt.Printf("float3: %E\n", 123400000.0)

    fmt.Printf("str1: %s\n", "\"string\"")

    fmt.Printf("str2: %q\n", "\"string\"")

    fmt.Printf("str3: %x\n", "hex this")

    fmt.Printf("pointer: %p\n", &p)

    fmt.Printf("width1: |%6d|%6d|\n", 12, 345)

    fmt.Printf("width2: |%6.2f|%6.2f|\n", 1.2, 3.45)

    fmt.Printf("width3: |%-6.2f|%-6.2f|\n", 1.2, 3.45)

    fmt.Printf("width4: |%6s|%6s|\n", "foo", "b")

    fmt.Printf("width5: |%-6s|%-6s|\n", "foo", "b")

    s := fmt.Sprintf("sprintf: a %s", "string")
    fmt.Println(s)

    fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "io: an %s\n", "error")
}

execute output:

$ go run string-formatting.go
struct1: {1 2}
struct2: {x:1 y:2}
struct3: main.point{x:1, y:2}
type: main.point
bool: true
int: 123
bin: 1110
char: !
hex: 1c8
float1: 78.900000
float2: 1.234000e+08
float3: 1.234000E+08
str1: "string"
str2: ""string""
str3: 6865782074686973
pointer: 0xc0000ba000
width1: |    12|   345|
width2: |  1.20|  3.45|
width3: |1.20  |3.45  |
width4: |   foo|     b|
width5: |foo   |b     |
sprintf: a string
io: an error