2个视图基类
APIView 和 GenericAPIView
GenericAPIView的属性和方法
-属性
-queryset: 要序列化的数据
-serializer_class: 序列化类（我们自己写的）
-lookup_field # 通过get_object 获取单个对象的查询key值，value值是路由中传进来的
-方法
-get_queryset: 获取要序列化得数据
-get_object: 获取单个对象
-get_serializer: 获取序列化类（推荐使用）
-get_serializer_class: 获取序列化类
基于APIView写五个接口
class UserView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
res_list = User.objects.all()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=res_list, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self, request):
ser = UserSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': "新增成功"}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
class UserDetailView(APIView):
def get(self, request, pk):
obj = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=obj)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self, request, pk):
obj = User.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
ser = UserSerializer(instance=obj, data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': "修改成功"}, status=201)
else:
return Response({'code': 101, 'msg': ser.errors})
def delete(self, request, pk):
User.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response('')
基于GenericAPIView写五个接口
class UserView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
def get(self, request):
res_list = self.get_queryset()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=res_list, many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self, request):
ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response(ser.data)
else:
return Response(ser.errors)
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
def get(self, request, pk):
obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj)
return Response(ser.data)
def put(self, request, pk):
obj = self.get_object()
ser = self.get_serializer(instance=obj, data=request.dta)
if ser.is_valid():
return Response(ser.data)
else:
return Response(ser.errors)
def delete(self, request, pk):
self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response('')
5个视图扩展类
# 必须配合GenericAPIView使用，不能配合APIView使用
# 五个视图扩展类是独立的类 没有继承任何父类
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin
from rest_framework.mixins import UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin
# RetrieveModelMixin:写了一个Create方法，就是原来咱们post中的代码
# RetrieveModelMixin：retrieve，就是咱们原来的get
# UpdateModelMixin：update方法，就是咱们原来的put
# ListModelMixin：list方法，就是原来咱们的get
# DestroyModelMixin：destroy方法，就是原来咱们的delete
基于GenericAPIView+5个视图扩展类写接口
class UserView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class UserDetailView(GenericAPIView, UpdateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
9个视图子类
本质就是GenericAPIView+一个或几个视图扩展类
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView, CreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView, RetrieveAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveDestroyAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView
# 单个组合
ListAPIView = mixins.ListModelMixin + GenericAPIView
CreateAPIView = mixins.CreateModelMixin + GenericAPIView
UpdateAPIView = mixins.UpdateModelMixin + GenericAPIView
DestroyAPIView = mixins.DestroyModelMixin + GenericAPIView
RetrieveAPIView = mixins.RetrieveModelMixin + GenericAPIView
# 多个组合
ListCreateAPIView = ListAPIView + CreateAPIView
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView = UpdateAPIView + DestroyAPIView + RetrieveAPIView
RetrieveDestroyAPIView = RetrieveAPIView + DestroyAPIView
RetrieveUpdateAPIView = RetrieveAPIView + UpdateAPIView
基于9个视图子类写接口
class UserView(ListCreateAPIView):
# 只需配置两个类属性
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class UserDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
视图集
基于ModelViewSet编写5个接口
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
# 只要继承了ModelViewSet 路由的写法就变了
# views.py
class UserView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = User.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserSerializer
# urls.py
path('user/', UserView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
path('user/<int:pk>/', UserView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
ModelViewSet继承了GenericViewSet
GenericViewSet又继承了ViewSetMixin
源码分析ViewSetMixin
class ViewSetMixin:
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs):
# 路由中as_view中必须传参数，必须传字典：{'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}
if not actions:
raise TypeError("The `actions` argument must be provided when "
"calling `.as_view()` on a ViewSet. For example "
"`.as_view({'get': 'list'})`")
# 路由匹配成功，执行view(request)，request是老的request
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
# actions={'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}
for method, action in actions.items():
# method:get action:list
# self 是视图类的对象中通过反射，查找list，
# handler视图类中的list方法
handler = getattr(self, action)
# 向视图类的对象中，反射 method:get,handler:list方法
# self.get=list
setattr(self, method, handler)
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
return csrf_exempt(view)
总结
#两个基类
APIView
GenericAPIView：有关数据库操作，queryset 和serializer_class
#5个视图扩展类(rest_framework.mixins)
CreateModelMixin：create方法创建一条
DestroyModelMixin：destory方法删除一条
ListModelMixin：list方法获取所有
RetrieveModelMixin：retrieve获取一条
UpdateModelMixin：update修改一条
#9个子类视图(rest_framework.generics)
CreateAPIView:继承CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有post方法，新增数据
DestroyAPIView：继承DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有delete方法，删除数据
ListAPIView：继承ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView,有get方法获取所有
UpdateAPIView：继承UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有put和patch方法，修改数据
RetrieveAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法，获取一条
ListCreateAPIView：继承ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取所有，post方法新增
RetrieveDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get方法获取一条，delete方法删除
RetrieveUpdateAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView：继承RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView，有get获取一条，put，patch修改，delete删除
#视图集
ViewSetMixin：重写了as_view
ViewSet： 继承ViewSetMixin和APIView
GenericViewSet：继承ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView
ModelViewSet：继承mixins.CreateModelMixin,mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet
ReadOnlyModelViewSet：继承mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.ListModelMixin,GenericViewSet
