LNMP架构介绍及配置命令讲解

【安装 MySQL 服务】

1、安装Mysql环境依赖包

yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake

2、创建运行用户 

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql 

3、编译安装 

cd /opt tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz  
cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

make && make install

 4、修改mysql 配置文件 

vim /etc/my.cnf 
[client] 
port = 3306 
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 

[mysqld]
user = mysql 
basedir=/usr/local/mysql 
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 
port = 3306 
character-set-server=utf8 
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid 
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 
bind-address = 0.0.0.0 
skip-name-resolve
max_connections=2048 
default-storage-engine=INNODB 
max_allowed_packet=16M
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

5、更改mysql安装目录和配置文件的属主属组 

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf 

6、设置路径环境变量 

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile	
source /etc/profile 

7、初始化数据库 

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
./mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

8、添加mysqld系统服务

cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload 
systemctl start mysqld.service 
systemctl enable mysqld 

 9、修改mysql 的登录密码 

mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123" 

 10、授权远程登录 

mysql -u root -p 

【安装 Nginx 服务】

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0 

1、安装依赖包 

yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make

 2、创建运行用户 

useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

 3、编译安装 

cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /opt/

cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module

make && make install

 4、优化路径 

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

 5、添加 Nginx 系统服务 

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service 

【安装配置 PHP 解析环境】 

1、安装环境依赖包 

yum -y install gd \
libjpeg libjpeg-devel \
libpng libpng-devel \
freetype freetype-devel \
libxml2 libxml2-devel \
zlib zlib-devel \
curl curl-devel \
openssl openssl-devel

 2、编译安装 

cd /opt
tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2

cd php-7.1.10
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
--with-mysqli \
--with-zlib \
--with-curl \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-openssl \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-xml \
--enable-session \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-pdo \
--enable-tokenizer \
--enable-zip

make && make install

 3、路径优化 

ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/php/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/

 4、调整PHP配置文件 

php有三个配置文件： 

 php.ini 主配置文件 

 php-fpm.conf 进程服务配置文件 

 www.conf 扩展配置文件 

 #调整主配置文件：
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini	
vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
--1170行--修改
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
--939行--取消注释，修改
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

php -m 					#验证安装的模块

#调整进程服务配置文件：
cd /usr/local/php/etc/
cp  php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
vim php-fpm.conf
--17行--去掉";"注释
pid = run/php-fpm.pid

#调整扩展配置文件：
cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf

5、启动php-fpm 

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
netstat -anpt | grep 9000

#PHP-FPM(FastCGI Process Manager：FastCGI 进程管理器)是一个 PHPFastCGI 管理器， 由于Nginx服务器不能处理动态页面，需要由 Nginx 把动态请求交给 php-fpm 进程进行解析。

cd /opt/php-7.1.10/sapi/fpm
cp php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
systemctl restart php-fpm.service  

 6、配置 Nginx 支持 PHP 解析

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
--65行--取消注释，修改
location ~ \.php$ {
	root           html;
	fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
	fastcgi_index  index.php;
	fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;	#将 /scripts 修改为nginx的工作目录
   #fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;  #$document_root 代表当前请求在root指令中指定的值
	include        fastcgi_params;
}

systemctl restart nginx.service

 7、验证PHP 测试页 

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

浏览器访问
http://192.168.80.10/index.php

 8、验证数据库工作是否正常

mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE bbs;
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';
flush privileges;

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php      		#替换原来的测试页内容
<?php
$link=mysqli_connect('192.168.80.10','bbsuser','admin123');
if($link) echo "<h1>Success!!</h1>";
else echo "Fail!!";
?>

 浏览器访问

http://192.168.80.10/index.php 

【部署 Discuz！社区论坛 Web 应用】 

cd /opt
unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip  -d /opt/dis
cd /opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8/
cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/ 

调整论坛目录的权限：
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/
chown -R nginx ./config/
chown -R nginx ./data/
chown -R nginx ./uc_client/
chown -R nginx ./uc_server/
或
chmod -R 777 ./config/
chmod -R 777 ./data/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_client/
chmod -R 777 ./uc_server/

论坛页面访问
http://192.168.80.10/bbs/install/index.php
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 数据库服务器：localhost     ###本地架设就用localhost，如何不是在在本机上就要填写IP地址和端口号
数据库名字：bbs
数据库用户名：bbsuser
数据库密码：admin123
管理员账号:admin
管理员密码:admin123
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
访问论坛页面：
http://192.168.80.10/bbs/index.php
http://192.168.80.10/bbs/admin.php

yum 安装 LNMP

//安装 nginx
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1


yum install nginx -y 
nginx -v

systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx


//安装 mysql 5.7 (mariadb)
yum remove mariadb* -y

wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
sed -i 's/gpgcheck=1/gpgcheck=0/' mysql-community.repo
yum -y install mysql-community-server
或
wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
sed -i 's/gpgcheck=1/gpgcheck=0/' mysql-community.repo
yum -y install mysql-server

systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl enable mysqld.service

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log			#在日志文件中找出root用户的初始密码
2021-07-31T07:55:00.366359Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ga7%<d<0*jD&

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log | awk '{print $NF}'

//登录 mysql
mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 		#输入初始密码 ga7%<d<0*jD&

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin@123';     #密码设置要求有 大小写字母、数字和符号 组合

grant all privileges on *.* to root@"%" identified by "Admin@123" with grant option;
flush privileges;

yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch     #为了防止每次yum操作都会自动更新，卸载这个软件


//安装 php7.2
rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm 
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

yum -y install php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-devel php72w-embedded php72w-gd php72w-mbstring php72w-pdo php72w-xml php72w-fpm php72w-mysqlnd php72w-opcache php72w-redis


systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm
php -v


//配置 nginx 支持 PHP 解析
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
vim default.conf
......
    location ~ \.php$ {
        root           html;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;  #将 /scripts 修改为nginx的工作目录
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }

systemctl restart nginx

cd /usr/share/nginx/html
vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

浏览器访问：http://192.168.80.10/index.php


//测试mysql是否能连接成功
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
$link=mysqli_connect('192.168.80.10','root','Admin@123');
if($link) echo "<h1>Success!!</h1>";
else echo "Fail!!";
?>

浏览器访问：http://192.168.80.10/index.php