Keep-Alive
原理
keep-alive是Vue提供的一个抽象组件,用来对组件进行缓存,从而节省性能,由于是一个抽象组件,所以在页面渲染完毕后不会被渲染成一个DOM元素。
当组件在keep-alive内被切换时组件的activated、deactivated这两个生命周期钩子函数会被执行。
Props
include- 字符串或正则表达式。只有名称匹配的组件会被缓存。exclude- 字符串或正则表达式。任何名称匹配的组件都不会被缓存。max- 数字。最多可以缓存多少组件实例。
用法
通过和和route结合,缓存页面
<keep-alive include="a,b">
<component :is="view"></component>
</keep-alive>
源码
export default {
name: 'keep-alive',
abstract: true,
props: {
include: patternTypes,
exclude: patternTypes,
max: [String, Number]
},
methods: {
cacheVNode() {
const { cache, keys, vnodeToCache, keyToCache } = this
if (vnodeToCache) {
const { tag, componentInstance, componentOptions } = vnodeToCache
cache[keyToCache] = {
name: getComponentName(componentOptions),
tag,
componentInstance,
}
keys.push(keyToCache)
// prune oldest entry
if (this.max && keys.length > parseInt(this.max)) {
pruneCacheEntry(cache, keys[0], keys, this._vnode)
}
this.vnodeToCache = null
}
}
},
created () {
this.cache = Object.create(null) // 创建缓存列表
this.keys = [] // 创建缓存组件的key列表
},
destroyed () {
for (const key in this.cache) { // 销毁时清空所有缓存和key
pruneCacheEntry(this.cache, key, this.keys)
}
},
mounted () { // 监控 include 和 exclude 属性,进行组件缓存处理
this.cacheVNode()
this.$watch('include', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => matches(val, name))
})
this.$watch('exclude', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => !matches(val, name))
})
},
updated () {
this.cacheVNode()
},
render () {
const slot = this.$slots.default
const vnode: VNode = getFirstComponentChild(slot)
const componentOptions: ?VNodeComponentOptions = vnode && vnode.componentOptions
if (componentOptions) {
// check pattern
const name: ?string = getComponentName(componentOptions)
const { include, exclude } = this
if (
// not included
(include && (!name || !matches(include, name))) ||
// excluded
(exclude && name && matches(exclude, name))
) {
return vnode
}
const { cache, keys } = this
const key: ?string = vnode.key == null
// same constructor may get registered as different local components
// so cid alone is not enough (#3269)
? componentOptions.Ctor.cid + (componentOptions.tag ? `::${componentOptions.tag}` : '')
: vnode.key
// 判断组件是否有key 没有则自己通过 组件标签和key cid 拼接一个 key
if (cache[key]) {
vnode.componentInstance = cache[key].componentInstance
// make current key freshest
remove(keys, key)
keys.push(key)
} else {
// delay setting the cache until update
this.vnodeToCache = vnode
this.keyToCache = key
}
vnode.data.keepAlive = true
}
return vnode || (slot && slot[0])
}
}
当vnode.componentInstance和keepAlive同时为true时,不再进入$mount过程,那mounted之前的所有钩子函数(beforeCreate、created、mounted)都不再执行。
总结
获取 keep-alive 包裹着的第一个子组件对象及其组件名; 如果 keep-alive 存在多个子元素,keep-alive 要求同时只有一个子元素被渲染。
根据设定的名单进行条件匹配,然后决定是否缓存。如果不匹配则直接返回组件实例,否则的话开启缓存策略。