Model Ensembling Tutorial

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翻译自: github.com/ultralytics…

多个模型预测出的结果进行组合

📚 指导怎样使用yolov5模型 🚀在测试和推理进行组合从而可能得到更好的 mAP and Recall。

开始之前

克隆存储库和安装要求 requirements.txt 在Python>=3.7.0 环境中,包括PyTorch>=1.7。模型数据集从最新的YOLOv5版本自动下载

git clone https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5  # clone
cd yolov5
pip install -r requirements.txt  # install

普通测试

在尝试组合之前,我们希望建立一个单个模型基准能够进行比较。该命令在COCO val2017上以640像素的图像大小测试YOLOv5x。 yolov5xpt 是可用的最大和最精确的模型。其它可用的是 yolov5s.pt, yolov5m.ptyolov5l.pt 或者 自己的检查点来自训练自定义数据集。./weights/best.pt。有关所有可用模型的详细信息,请参阅我们的 READEME table

$ python val.py --weights yolov5x.pt --data coco.yaml --img 640 --half

输出:

val: data=./data/coco.yaml, weights=['yolov5x.pt'], batch_size=32, imgsz=640, conf_thres=0.001, iou_thres=0.65, task=val, device=, single_cls=False, augment=False, verbose=False, save_txt=False, save_hybrid=False, save_conf=False, save_json=True, project=runs/val, name=exp, exist_ok=False, half=True
YOLOv5 🚀 v5.0-267-g6a3ee7c torch 1.9.0+cu102 CUDA:0 (Tesla P100-PCIE-16GB, 16280.875MB)

Fusing layers... 
Model Summary: 476 layers, 87730285 parameters, 0 gradients

val: Scanning '../datasets/coco/val2017' images and labels...4952 found, 48 missing, 0 empty, 0 corrupted: 100% 5000/5000 [00:01<00:00, 2846.03it/s]
val: New cache created: ../datasets/coco/val2017.cache
               Class     Images     Labels          P          R     mAP@.5 mAP@.5:.95: 100% 157/157 [02:30<00:00,  1.05it/s]
                 all       5000      36335      0.746      0.626       0.68       0.49
Speed: 0.1ms pre-process, 22.4ms inference, 1.4ms NMS per image at shape (32, 3, 640, 640)  # <--- baseline speed

Evaluating pycocotools mAP... saving runs/val/exp/yolov5x_predictions.json...
...
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.504  # <--- baseline mAP
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.688
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.546
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.351
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.551
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.644
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.382
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.628
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.681  # <--- baseline mAR
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.524
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.735
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.826

组合测试

通过简单地将额外模型附加到任何现有val.py或detect中的--weights参数后,可以在测试和推理时将多个预训练模型集成在一起。通过 val.py 示例测试了两个模型的组合:

  • YOLOv5x
  • YOLOv5l6
python val.py --weights yolov5x.pt yolov5l6.pt --data coco.yaml --img 640 --half

输出:

val: data=./data/coco.yaml, weights=['yolov5x.pt', 'yolov5l6.pt'], batch_size=32, imgsz=640, conf_thres=0.001, iou_thres=0.6, task=val, device=, single_cls=False, augment=False, verbose=False, save_txt=False, save_hybrid=False, save_conf=False, save_json=True, project=runs/val, name=exp, exist_ok=False, half=True
YOLOv5 🚀 v5.0-267-g6a3ee7c torch 1.9.0+cu102 CUDA:0 (Tesla P100-PCIE-16GB, 16280.875MB)

Fusing layers... 
Model Summary: 476 layers, 87730285 parameters, 0 gradients  # Model 1
Fusing layers... 
Model Summary: 501 layers, 77218620 parameters, 0 gradients  # Model 2
Ensemble created with ['yolov5x.pt', 'yolov5l6.pt']  # Ensemble notice

val: Scanning '../datasets/coco/val2017.cache' images and labels... 4952 found, 48 missing, 0 empty, 0 corrupted: 100% 5000/5000 [00:00<00:00, 49695545.02it/s]
               Class     Images     Labels          P          R     mAP@.5 mAP@.5:.95: 100% 157/157 [03:58<00:00,  1.52s/it]
                 all       5000      36335      0.747      0.637      0.692      0.502
Speed: 0.1ms pre-process, 39.5ms inference, 2.0ms NMS per image at shape (32, 3, 640, 640)  # <--- ensemble speed

Evaluating pycocotools mAP... saving runs/val/exp3/yolov5x_predictions.json...
...
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.515  # <--- ensemble mAP
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.699
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.75      | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.557
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.356
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.563
 Average Precision  (AP) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.668
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=  1 ] = 0.387
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets= 10 ] = 0.638
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=   all | maxDets=100 ] = 0.689  # <--- ensemble mAR
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= small | maxDets=100 ] = 0.526
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area=medium | maxDets=100 ] = 0.743
 Average Recall     (AR) @[ IoU=0.50:0.95 | area= large | maxDets=100 ] = 0.844

推理组合

将额外模型附加到--weights参数后以运行集成推理:

python detect.py --weights yolov5x.pt yolov5l6.pt --img 640 --source data/images

输出:

detect: weights=['yolov5x.pt', 'yolov5l6.pt'], source=data/images, imgsz=640, conf_thres=0.25, iou_thres=0.45, max_det=1000, device=, view_img=False, save_txt=False, save_conf=False, save_crop=False, nosave=False, classes=None, agnostic_nms=False, augment=False, update=False, project=runs/detect, name=exp, exist_ok=False, line_thickness=3, hide_labels=False, hide_conf=False, half=False
YOLOv5 🚀 v5.0-267-g6a3ee7c torch 1.9.0+cu102 CUDA:0 (Tesla P100-PCIE-16GB, 16280.875MB)

Fusing layers... 
Model Summary: 476 layers, 87730285 parameters, 0 gradients
Fusing layers... 
Model Summary: 501 layers, 77218620 parameters, 0 gradients
Ensemble created with ['yolov5x.pt', 'yolov5l6.pt']

image 1/2 /content/yolov5/data/images/bus.jpg: 640x512 4 persons, 1 bus, 1 tie, Done. (0.063s)
image 2/2 /content/yolov5/data/images/zidane.jpg: 384x640 3 persons, 2 ties, Done. (0.056s)
Results saved to runs/detect/exp2
Done. (0.223s)

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