一、圣杯布局

圣杯布局的要求

纵向分为上中下三部分，上中下宽度100%，上下高度固定；中间部分高度自动

        body {
            min-width: 550px;
        }
        #header {
            text-align: center;
            background-color: #f1f1f1;
        }

        #container {
            padding-left: 200px;
            padding-right: 150px;
        }
        #container .column {
            float: left;
        }

        #center {
            background-color: #ccc;
            width: 100%;
        }
        #left {
            position: relative;
            background-color: yellow;
            width: 200px;
            margin-left: -100%;
            right: 200px;
        }
        #right {
            background-color: red;
            width: 150px;
            margin-right: -150px;
        }

        #footer {
            text-align: center;
            background-color: #f1f1f1;
        }

        /* 手写 clearfix */
        .clearfix:after {
            content: '';
            display: table;
            clear: both;
        }

    <div id="header">this is header</div>
    <div id="container" class="clearfix">
        <div id="center" class="column">this is center</div>
        <div id="left" class="column">this is left</div>
        <div id="right" class="column">this is right</div>
    </div>
    <div id="footer">this is footer</div>

二、双飞翼布局

双飞翼布局的要求

• header和footer各自占领屏幕所有宽度，高度固定。
• 中间的container是一个三栏布局。
• 三栏布局两侧宽度固定不变，中间部分自动填充整个区域。
• 中间部分的高度是三栏中最高的区域的高度。

    body {
            min-width: 550px;
        }
        .col {
            float: left;
        }

        #main {
            width: 100%;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #ccc;
        }
        #main-wrap {
            margin: 0 190px 0 190px;
        }

        #left {
            width: 190px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #0000FF;
            margin-left: -100%;
        }
        #right {
            width: 190px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #FF0000;
            margin-left: -190px;
        }

     <div id="main" class="col">
        <div id="main-wrap">
            this is main
        </div>
    </div>
    <div id="left" class="col">
        this is left
    </div>
    <div id="right" class="col">
        this is right
    </div>

三、垂直对齐

垂直对齐指的是设置文本内容，调整文字的垂直间距，使段落或者文章中的文字沿垂直方向对齐的一种对齐方式。

    .container {
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            margin: 10px;
            padding: 10px;
            height: 200px;
        }
        .item {
            background-color: #ccc;
        }

        .container-1{
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 200px;
            height: 200px;
        }

        .container-2 {
            position: relative;
        }
        .container-2 .item {
            width: 300px;
            height: 100px;
            position: absolute;
            left: 50%;
            margin-left: -150px;
            top: 50%;
            margin-top: -50px;
        }

        .container-3 {
            position: relative;
        }
        .container-3 .item {
            width: 200px;
            height: 80px;
            position: absolute;
            left: 50%;
            top: 50%;
            transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
        }

        .container-4 {
            position: relative;
        }
        .container-4 .item {
            width: 100px;
            height: 50px;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            bottom: 0;
            right: 0;
            margin: auto;
        }

    <div class="container container-1">
        <span>一段文字</span>
    </div>

    <div class="container container-2">
        <div class="item">
            this is item
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="container container-3">
        <div class="item">
            this is item
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="container container-4">
        <div class="item">
            this is item
        </div>
    </div>