本文已参与「新人创作礼」活动，一起开启掘金创作之路
帮助命令
docker version # 显示 Docker 版本信息。
docker info # 显示 Docker 系统信息，包括镜像和容器数。。
docker --help # 帮助
镜像命令
docker images
# 列出本地主机上的镜像
[root@sitecode ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 1db39c48a904 4 days ago 41.8MB
python 3.7-alpine ec8ed031b5be 13 days ago 41.8MB
tomcat latest c0e850d7b9bb 3 weeks ago 667MB
snyk/snyk <none> 6fda31b366a0 2 months ago 113MB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像创建时间
SIZE 镜像大小
# 同一个仓库源可以有多个 TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同版本，我们使用REPOSITORY：TAG 定义不同的镜像，如果你不定义镜像的标签版本，docker将默认使用 lastest 镜像！
# 可选项
-a： 列出本地所有镜像
-q： 只显示镜像id
--digests： 显示镜像的摘要信息
docker search
[root@sitecode ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10881 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4104 [OK]
# docker search 某个镜像的名称 对应DockerHub仓库中的镜像
# 可选项
--filter=stars=50 ： 列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像。
docker pull
[root@sitecode ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 不写tag，默认是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
54fec2fa59d0: Already exists # 分层下载
bcc6c6145912: Already exists
951c3d959c9d: Already exists
05de4d0e206e: Already exists
319f0394ef42: Already exists
d9185034607b: Already exists
013a9c64dadc: Already exists
42f3f7d10903: Pull complete
c4a3851d9207: Pull complete
82a1cc65c182: Pull complete
a0a6b01efa55: Pull complete
bca5ce71f9ea: Pull complete
Digest:
sha256:61a2a33f4b8b4bc93b7b6b9e65e64044aaec594809f818aeffbff69a893d1944 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实位置
# 指定版本下载
[root@sitecode ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
....
docker rmi
# 删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除单个
docker rmi -f 镜像名:tag 镜像名:tag # 删除多个
docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) # 删除全部
容器命令
说明：有镜像才能创建容器，我们这里使用 centos 的镜像来测试，就是虚拟一个 centos ！
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
# 命令
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND][ARG...]
# 常用参数说明
--name="Name" # 给容器指定一个名字
-d # 后台方式运行容器，并返回容器的id！
-i # 以交互模式运行容器，通过和 -t 一起使用
-t # 给容器重新分配一个终端，通常和 -i 一起使用
-P # 随机端口映射（大写）
-p # 指定端口映射（小写），一般可以有四种写法
ip:hostPort:containerPort
ip::containerPort
hostPort:containerPort (常用)
containerPort
# 测试
[root@sitecode ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
# 使用centos进行用交互模式启动容器，在容器内执行/bin/bash命令！
[root@sitecode ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@dc8f24dd06d0 /]# ls # 注意地址，已经切换到容器内部了！
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@dc8f24dd06d0 /]# exit # 使用 exit 退出容器
exit
[root@sitecode ~]#
列出所有运行的容器
# 命令
docker ps [OPTIONS]
# 常用参数说明
-a # 列出当前所有正在运行的容器 + 历史运行过的容器
-l # 显示最近创建的容器
-n=? # 显示最近n个创建的容器
-q # 静默模式，只显示容器编号。
退出容器
exit # 容器停止退出
ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出
启动停止容器
docker start (容器id or 容器名) # 启动容器
docker restart (容器id or 容器名) # 重启容器
docker stop (容器id or 容器名) # 停止容器
docker kill (容器id or 容器名) # 强制停止容器
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令
docker run -d 容器名
# 例子
docker run -d centos # 启动centos，使用后台方式启动
# 问题： 使用docker ps 查看，发现容器已经退出了！
# 解释：Docker容器后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程，容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命
令，就会自动退出。
# 比如，你运行了nginx服务，但是docker前台没有运行应用，这种情况下，容器启动后，会立即自
杀，因为他觉得没有程序了，所以最好的情况是，将你的应用使用前台进程的方式运行启动。
查看日志
# 命令
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器id
查看容器中运行的进程信息
# 命令
docker top 容器id
# 测试
[root@sitecode ~]# docker top c8530dbbe3b4
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 27437 27421 0 16:43 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c ....
查看容器/镜像的元数据
[root@sitecode ~]# docker run -it tomcat /bin/bash
root@7d54ff44abb2:/usr/local/tomcat#
[root@sitecode ~]# docker inspect 7d54ff44abb2
[
{
"Id": "7d54ff44abb20f943841984f9b26502bf5a1fa66b20345eafa9e90636fea01cf",
"Created": "2021-05-17T03:37:33.164961475Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3862,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-05-17T03:37:33.663529681Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:c0e850d7b9bb0aa55db12991bd0fe825cdab4f5d4be72b2a94cc760bcc3aa82f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7d54ff44abb20f943841984f9b26502bf5a1fa66b20345eafa9e90636fea01cf/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7d54ff44abb20f943841984f9b26502bf5a1fa66b20345eafa9e90636fea01cf/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7d54ff44abb20f943841984f9b26502bf5a1fa66b20345eafa9e90636fea01cf/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7d54ff44abb20f943841984f9b26502bf5a1fa66b20345eafa9e90636fea01cf/7d54ff44abb20f943841984f9b26502bf5a1fa66b20345eafa9e90636fea01cf-json.log",
"Name": "/blissful_haslett",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/841ae139b1678f5b90823f88e4b0c4152754dae710caf5a76a6024b31c24f7f8-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a0c7b602f8a3c3286b82a2046b72938bec4ba58796bf798dd459743ec72167e2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f27a5a7db92b61a50dff1c2f65ceff10477601937a6bf7bb42a2bfeaeba41582/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/09284c6e3ae2d38a588d4d54e3986dc2805918d9d2fbb051a2956443a26be798/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f5faacc876d64c7fe117621bb203630eadd1ad07cf64655011f2ff57abefd77b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7a6140b1bac7b8a83883152feedfde7c1c65f657a9aa672d8572ca9f7a8a177/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b515412bdd96be7917795293e6a24b0aa995d639cdae50fc5054cdafeee61666/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f30fc9c3486219cc1d6867110dc4658a82dd74601250d21227d764678966c4b6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8d241315183e13143e813f9c1f0463b17604bd680c68e9d9888098bd5598e675/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/96e8981c5d2b1669af44be140ac1b8d0e9e06aee32c7f5fc9b27f70f1b6d79a0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/13c0dd24c89ef4603a29f97e2655b39ccd8f963433db20c51c7ce98d800cedcc/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/841ae139b1678f5b90823f88e4b0c4152754dae710caf5a76a6024b31c24f7f8/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/841ae139b1678f5b90823f88e4b0c4152754dae710caf5a76a6024b31c24f7f8/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/841ae139b1678f5b90823f88e4b0c4152754dae710caf5a76a6024b31c24f7f8/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "7d54ff44abb2",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"ExposedPorts": {
"8080/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-11/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-11",
"LANG=C.UTF-8",
"JAVA_VERSION=11.0.11+9",
"CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",
"TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23",
"TOMCAT_MAJOR=9",
"TOMCAT_VERSION=9.0.45",
"TOMCAT_SHA512=81bfbd1f13dabc178635a2841c1566d080e209dff36170f6f4f354e3b2b3878f603fc8978c0c132655fca3653166e68094d61c3dcfc5edf07bc7e5419d20c0d1"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "tomcat",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "bc57baa13bf888aa2291d4d179ae3a0dedf15d34f7cb3e0c0c8781d178d4c4d7",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"8080/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/bc57baa13bf8",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "e4fd054eedf7f88395ad8a9470e912204b0780b6b58f8c80acf789b91ead2bb0",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "e05d150d247c29094eb53aaef94d448d141d6a149f39f2e3f0615b793ed323be",
"EndpointID": "e4fd054eedf7f88395ad8a9470e912204b0780b6b58f8c80acf789b91ead2bb0",
"Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入正在运行的容器(exec，attach)
# 命令1
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
#例： 使用exec 进入容器
[root@sitecode ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9022b8c47bc0 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes adoring_borg
[root@sitecode ~]# docker exec -it 9022b8c47bc0 /bin/bash
[root@9022b8c47bc0 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 01:34 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 20 0 0 01:40 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 36 0 0 01:42 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 50 36 0 01:42 pts/2 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 命令2
docker attach 容器id
# 例：使用attach 进入容器
[root@sitecode ~]# docker attach 9022b8c47bc0
[root@9022b8c47bc0 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 01:34 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 20 0 0 01:40 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 35 1 0 01:42 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 区别
# exec 是在容器中打开新的终端，并且可以启动新的进程
# attach 直接进入容器启动命令的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
# 测试
# 首先容器内执行，创建一个文件测试
[root@9022b8c47bc0 home]# cd /home
[root@9022b8c47bc0 home]# touch sitecode
[root@9022b8c47bc0 home]# ls
sitecode
[root@9022b8c47bc0 home]# exit
exit
# linux宿主机复制查看，是否复制成功
[root@sitecode ~]# docker cp 9022b8c47bc0:/home/sitecode /home
[root@sitecode ~]# cd /home
[root@sitecode home]# ls
admin sitecode
小结
常用命令
attach Attach to a running container # 当前 shell 下attach 连接指定运行镜像
build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
commit Create a new image from a container changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path
#从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同run，但不启动容器
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器变化
events Get real time events from the server # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive # 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]
history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images List images # 列出系统当前镜像
import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统镜像[对应export]
info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息
inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息
kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器
load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
login Register or Login to the docker registry server # 注册或者登陆一个docker 源服务器
logout Log out from a Docker registry sever # 从当前 Docker registry 退出
logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息
port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT #查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器
ps List containers # 列出容器列表
pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server #从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server #推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart Restart a running container # 重启运行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run Run a command in a new container # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一个镜像为一个tar 包[对应 load]
search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
start Start a stopped containers # 启动容器
stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository # 给源中镜像打标签
top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暂停容器
version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本号
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值
