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1.安装并启用
1.1 CentOS安装Docker
# 更新源
[root@base ~]# yum -y update
# 安装docker
[root@base ~]# yum -y install docker
# 查看docker版本
[root@base ~]# docker info
# 启动docker、设置开机自启
[root@base ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@base ~]# systemctl enable docker
1.2 Ubuntu安装Docker
# 更新源
f@baseu:~$ sudo apt-get -y update
# 安装Docker
f@baseu:~$ sudo apt-get -y install docker.io
# 查看docker版本信息
f@baseu:~$ sudo docker info
# 启动和设置docker开机自启
f@baseu:~$ sudo systemctl start docker
f@baseu:~$ sudo systemctl enable docker
1.3 Windows安装Docker
2.常用命令
2.1 容器命令
2.1.1 ps命令
2.1.1.1 使用语法
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Options:
-a, --all 显示所有容器（默认显示正在运行）
-f, --filter filter 根据提供的条件过滤输出
--format string 使用Go模板的漂亮打印容器
--help 打印使用
-n, --last int 显示最后创建的n个容器（包括所有状态）（默认值为-1）
-l, --latest 显示最新创建的容器（包括所有状态）
--no-trunc 不要截断输出
-q, --quiet 仅显示数字ID
-s, --size 显示总文件大小
2.1.1.2 -a 显示所有容器
[root@base ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
609b039cc1e6 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp nginx
88958f0f4fc8 centos-7 "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 2 weeks ago centos7
2.1.1.2 -f,--filter 过滤
[root@base ~]# docker ps -af name='centos7'
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
88958f0f4fc8 centos-7 "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 2 weeks ago centos7
2.1.1.3 -q 只显示id
[root@base ~]# docker ps -aq
609b039cc1e6
88958f0f4fc8
2.1.1.4 组合使用
# 查询所有容器中name为 centos7 的 并且只显示id
[root@base ~]# docker ps -aqf name='centos7'
88958f0f4fc8
2.1.2 run 运行容器
2.1.2.1 使用语法(常用参数语法)
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
Options:
-d, --detach 在后台运行容器并打印container ID
-i, --interactive 保持STDIN打开，即使未连接
-p, --publish list 将容器的端口发布到主机（默认值[]）
-P, --publish-all 将所有公开端口发布到随机端口
--restart string 容器退出时应用的重新启动策略（默认为“否”）
--name string 为容器指定一个名称
-t, --tty 分配一个伪TTY
2.1.2.2 -dit 后台运行，打开STDIN并分配一个伪TTY
[root@base ~]# docker run -dit nginx
056121918e5bdf3072cf9dc0e5533569d86e4a8d0c4faf0526be9a431711ba1c
[root@base ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
056121918e5b nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 20 seconds ago Up 18 seconds 80/tcp unruffled_chandrasekhar
609b039cc1e6 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 21 hours ago Exited (0) 21 hours ago nginx
88958f0f4fc8 centos-7 "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 2 weeks ago centos7
2.1.2.3 --name 设定名字
[root@base ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx_named nginx
8925665a0958b70246993cecfa24e3580c114ecfd5fa2a15eb8cbc754d765b1a
[root@base ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8925665a0958 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp nginx_named
056121918e5b nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 80/tcp unruffled_chandrasekhar
609b039cc1e6 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 21 hours ago Exited (0) 21 hours ago nginx
88958f0f4fc8 centos-7 "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 2 weeks ago centos7
2.1.2.4 -p 指定端口/ -P 随机端口
# -p指定端口
[root@base ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx -p 8080:80 nginx
c484ad61ed99710970889a54c94af47fdb6c50096331ac75e022e2b8383ec14a
[root@base ~]# curl localhost:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
# -P 随机端口（32768起）
[root@base ~]# docker run -dit --name nginx_P -P nginx
3bbda870da081d5bd79e1bcc5c1ef6364382264f1f59d57ba45441af2f1c5161
[root@base ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3bbda870da08 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 2 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx_P
c484ad61ed99 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx
88958f0f4fc8 centos-7 "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 2 weeks ago centos7
[root@base ~]# curl localhost:32768
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
2.1.3 rm删除容器
2.1.3.1 使用语法
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove one or more containers
Options:
-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
--help Print usage
-l, --link Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes Remove the volumes associated with the container
2.1.3.2 删除容器
[root@base ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3bbda870da08 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 21 hours ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx_P
c484ad61ed99 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 21 hours ago Exited (0) 21 hours ago nginx
88958f0f4fc8 centos-7 "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 2 weeks ago centos7
[root@base ~]# docker rm nginx
nginx
[root@base ~]# docker rm nginx_P
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 3bbda870da081d5bd79e1bcc5c1ef6364382264f1f59d57ba45441af2f1c5161. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
2.1.3.3 -f 强制删除容器
[root@base ~]# docker rm -f nginx_P
nginx_P
[root@base ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
88958f0f4fc8 centos-7 "/bin/bash" 2 weeks ago Exited (137) 2 weeks ago centos7
