vue2、vue3通信方式汇总4

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• setup语法糖

//父组件

<template>
  <div>
    <Child ref="child" />
  </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import Child from './Child'
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
const child = ref() //注意命名需要和template中ref对应
onMounted(() => {
  //获取子组件属性
  console.log(child.value.msg) //子组件元素

  //调用子组件方法
  child.value.childFun('父组件信息')
})
</script>

//子组件

<template>
    <div>
    </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { ref,defineExpose } from "vue";
const msg = ref('子组件元素')
const childFun = (val) => {
    console.log(`子组件方法被调用,值${val}`)
}
//必须暴露出去父组件才会获取到
defineExpose({
    childFun,
    msg
})
</script>

注意

通过ref获取子组件实例必须在页面挂载完成后才能获取。

在使用setup语法糖时候，子组件必须元素或方法暴露出去父组件才能获取到

EventBus/mitt

兄弟组件通信可以通过一个事件中心EventBus实现，既新建一个Vue实例来进行事件的监听，触发和销毁。

在Vue3中没有了EventBus兄弟组件通信，但是现在有了一个替代的方案mitt.js，原理还是 EventBus

• 选项式API

//组件1
<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="sendMsg">传值</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Bus from './bus.js'
export default {
  data(){
    return {
      msg:'子组件元素'
    }
  },
  methods:{
    sendMsg(){
      Bus.$emit('sendMsg','兄弟的值')
    }
  }
}
</script>

//组件2

<template>
  <div>
    组件2
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import Bus from './bus.js'
export default {
  created(){
   Bus.$on('sendMsg',(val)=>{
    console.log(val);//兄弟的值
   })
  }
}
</script>

//bus.js

import Vue from "vue"
export default new Vue()

• 组合式API

首先安装mitt

npm i mitt -S

然后像Vue2中bus.js一样新建mitt.js文件

mitt.js

import mitt from 'mitt'
const Mitt = mitt()
export default Mitt

//组件1
<template>
     <button @click="sendMsg">传值</button>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
export default defineComponent({
    setup() {
        const sendMsg = () => {
            Mitt.emit('sendMsg','兄弟的值')
        }
        return {
           sendMsg
        }
    },
});
</script>

//组件2
<template>
  <div>
    组件2
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent, onUnmounted } from "vue";
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
export default defineComponent({
  setup() {
    const getMsg = (val) => {
      console.log(val);//兄弟的值
    }
    Mitt.on('sendMsg', getMsg)
    onUnmounted(() => {
      //组件销毁 移除监听
      Mitt.off('sendMsg', getMsg)
    })

  },
});
</script>

• setup语法糖

//组件1

<template>
    <button @click="sendMsg">传值</button>
</template>
<script setup>
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
const sendMsg = () => {
    Mitt.emit('sendMsg', '兄弟的值')
}
</script>

//组件2

<template>
  <div>
    组件2
  </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import { onUnmounted } from "vue";
import Mitt from './mitt.js'
const getMsg = (val) => {
  console.log(val);//兄弟的值
}
Mitt.on('sendMsg', getMsg)
onUnmounted(() => {
  //组件销毁 移除监听
  Mitt.off('sendMsg', getMsg)
})
</script>