MySQL单行子查询

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二、 单行子查询

2.1 单行比较操作符

操作符	含义
=	equal to
greater than
>=	greater than or equal to
<	less than
<=	less than or equal to
<>	not equal to

2.2 代码示例

题目：查询工资大于149号员工工资的员工的信息

题目：返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工姓名，job_id和工资

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM   employees
WHERE  job_id =  
                (SELECT job_id
                 FROM   employees
                 WHERE  employee_id = 141)
AND    salary >
                (SELECT salary
                 FROM   employees
                 WHERE  employee_id = 143);

题目：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary = 
                (SELECT MIN(salary)
                 FROM   employees);

题目：查询与141号或174号员工的manager_id和department_id相同的其他员工的employee_id，manager_id，department_id

实现方式1：不成对比较

SELECT  employee_id, manager_id, department_id
FROM    employees
WHERE   manager_id IN
		  (SELECT  manager_id
                   FROM    employees
                   WHERE   employee_id IN (174,141))
AND     department_id IN 
		  (SELECT  department_id
                   FROM    employees
                   WHERE   employee_id IN (174,141))
AND	employee_id NOT IN(174,141);

实现方式2：成对比较

SELECT	employee_id, manager_id, department_id
FROM	employees
WHERE  (manager_id, department_id) IN
                      (SELECT manager_id, department_id
                       FROM   employees
                       WHERE  employee_id IN (141,174))
AND	employee_id NOT IN (141,174);

2.3 HAVING 中的子查询

• 首先执行子查询。
• 向主查询中的HAVING 子句返回结果。

题目：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资

SELECT   department_id, MIN(salary)
FROM     employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING   MIN(salary) >
                       (SELECT MIN(salary)
                        FROM   employees
                        WHERE  department_id = 50);

2.4 CASE中的子查询

在CASE表达式中使用单列子查询：

题目：显示员工的employee_id,last_name和location。其中，若员工department_id与location_id为1800的department_id相同，则location为’Canada’，其余则为’USA’。

SELECT employee_id, last_name,
       (CASE department_id
        WHEN
             (SELECT department_id FROM departments
	      WHERE location_id = 1800)           
        THEN 'Canada' ELSE 'USA' END) location
FROM   employees;

2.5 子查询中的空值问题

SELECT last_name, job_id
FROM   employees
WHERE  job_id =
                (SELECT job_id
                 FROM   employees
                 WHERE  last_name = 'Haas');

子查询不返回任何行

2.5 非法使用子查询

SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM   employees
WHERE  salary =
                (SELECT   MIN(salary)
                 FROM     employees
                 GROUP BY department_id);

多行子查询使用单行比较符