图结构
public class Edge {
public int weight;
public Node from;
public Node to;
public Edge(int weight, Node from, Node to) {
this.weight = weight;
this.from = from;
this.to = to;
}
}
public class Node {
public int value;
public int in;
public int out;
public ArrayList<Node> nexts;
public ArrayList<Edge> edges;
public Node(int value) {
this.value = value;
in = 0;
out = 0;
nexts = new ArrayList<>();
edges = new ArrayList<>();
}
}
public class Graph {
public HashMap<Integer, Node> nodes;
public HashSet<Edge> edges;
public Graph() {
nodes = new HashMap<>();
edges = new HashSet<>();
}
}
BFS
- 利用队列实现
- 从源节点开始依次按照宽度进队列,然后弹出
- 每弹出一个点,把该节点所有没有进过队列的邻接点放入队列
- 直到队列变空
public static void bfs(Node start) {
if (start == null) {
return;
}
Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();
HashSet<Node> set = new HashSet<>();
queue.add(start);
set.add(start);
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
Node cur = queue.poll();
System.out.println(cur.value);
for (Node next : cur.nexts) {
if (!set.contains(next)) {
set.add(next);
queue.add(next);
}
}
}
}
DFS
- 利用栈实现
- 从源节点开始把节点按照深度放入栈,然后弹出
- 每弹出一个点,把该节点下一个没有进过栈的邻接点放入栈
- 直到栈变空
public static void dfs(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
return;
}
Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<>();
HashSet<Node> set = new HashSet<>();
stack.add(node);
set.add(node);
System.out.println(node.value);
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
Node cur = stack.pop();
for (Node next : cur.nexts) {
if (!set.contains(next)) {
stack.push(cur);
stack.push(next);
set.add(next);
System.out.println(next.value);
break;
}
}
}
拓扑排序
- 在图中找到所有入度为0的点输出
- 把所有入度为0的点在图中删掉,继续找入度为0的点输出,周而复始
- 图的所有点都被删除后,依次输出的顺序就是拓扑排序
- 要求:有向图且其中没有环
public static List<Node> sortedTopology(Graph graph) {
HashMap<Node, Integer> inMap = new HashMap<>();
Queue<Node> zeroInQueue = new LinkedList<>();
for (Node node : graph.nodes.values()) {
inMap.put(node, node.in);
if (node.in == 0) {
zeroInQueue.add(node);
}
}
List<Node> result = new ArrayList<>();
while (!zeroInQueue.isEmpty()) {
Node cur = zeroInQueue.poll();
result.add(cur);
for (Node next : cur.nexts) {
inMap.put(next, inMap.get(next) - 1);
if (inMap.get(next) == 0) {
zeroInQueue.add(next);
}
}
}
return result;
}
Kruskal 算法
- 要求:有向图且其中没有环
- 总是从权值最小的边开始考虑,依次考察权值依次变大的边
- 当前的边要么进入最小生成树的集合,要么丢弃
- 如果当前的边进入最小生成树的集合中不会形成环,就要当前边
- 如果当前的边进入最小生成树的集合中会形成环,就不要当前边
- 考察完所有边之后,最小生成树的集合也得到了
public static class UnionFind {
private HashMap<Node, Node> fatherMap;
private HashMap<Node, Integer> sizeMap;
public UnionFind() {
fatherMap = new HashMap<Node, Node>();
sizeMap = new HashMap<Node, Integer>();
}
public void makeSets(Collection<Node> nodes) {
fatherMap.clear();
sizeMap.clear();
for (Node node : nodes) {
fatherMap.put(node, node);
sizeMap.put(node, 1);
}
}
private Node findFather(Node n) {
Stack<Node> path = new Stack<>();
while(n != fatherMap.get(n)) {
path.add(n);
n = fatherMap.get(n);
}
while(!path.isEmpty()) {
fatherMap.put(path.pop(), n);
}
return n;
}
public boolean isSameSet(Node a, Node b) {
return findFather(a) == findFather(b);
}
public void union(Node a, Node b) {
if (a == null || b == null) {
return;
}
Node aDai = findFather(a);
Node bDai = findFather(b);
if (aDai != bDai) {
int aSetSize = sizeMap.get(aDai);
int bSetSize = sizeMap.get(bDai);
if (aSetSize <= bSetSize) {
fatherMap.put(aDai, bDai);
sizeMap.put(bDai, aSetSize + bSetSize);
sizeMap.remove(aDai);
} else {
fatherMap.put(bDai, aDai);
sizeMap.put(aDai, aSetSize + bSetSize);
sizeMap.remove(bDai);
}
}
}
}
public static class EdgeComparator implements Comparator<Edge> {
@Override
public int compare(Edge o1, Edge o2) {
return o1.weight - o2.weight;
}
}
public static Set<Edge> kruskalMST(Graph graph) {
UnionFind unionFind = new UnionFind();
unionFind.makeSets(graph.nodes.values());
PriorityQueue<Edge> priorityQueue = new PriorityQueue<>(new EdgeComparator());
for (Edge edge : graph.edges) {
priorityQueue.add(edge);
}
Set<Edge> result = new HashSet<>();
while (!priorityQueue.isEmpty()) {
Edge edge = priorityQueue.poll();
if (!unionFind.isSameSet(edge.from, edge.to)) {
result.add(edge);
unionFind.union(edge.from, edge.to);
}
}
return result;
}
Prim 算法
- 可以从任意节点出发来寻找最小生成树
- 某个点加入到被选取的点中后,解锁这个点出发的所有新的边
- 在所有解锁的边中选最小的边,然后看看这个边会不会形成环
- 如果会,不要当前边,继续考察剩下解锁的边中最小的边,重复3)
- 如果不会,要当前边,将该边的指向点加入到被选取的点中,重复2)
- 当所有点都被选取,最小生成树就得到了
public static Set<Edge> primMST(Graph graph) {
PriorityQueue<Edge> priorityQueue = new PriorityQueue<>(new EdgeComparator());
HashSet<Node> nodeSet = new HashSet<>();
Set<Edge> result = new HashSet<>();
for (Node node : graph.nodes.values()) {
if (!nodeSet.contains(node)) {
nodeSet.add(node);
for (Edge edge : node.edges) {
priorityQueue.add(edge);
}
while (!priorityQueue.isEmpty()) {
Edge edge = priorityQueue.poll();
Node toNode = edge.to;
if (!nodeSet.contains(toNode)) {
nodeSet.add(toNode);
result.add(edge);
for (Edge nextEdge : toNode.edges) {
priorityQueue.add(nextEdge);
}
}
}
}
}
return result;
}