本文档基于官方教程的简易版, 建议移步至此文档
channels.readthedocs.io/en/stable/t…
实现一个简易版聊天室
基本设置
创建django项目
创建聊天应用
python3 manage.py startapp chat
添加应用
# mysite/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'chat',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
添加视图
模板
chat/
__init__.py
templates/
chat/
index.html
views.py
<!-- chat/templates/chat/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>Chat Rooms</title>
</head>
<body>
What chat room would you like to enter?<br>
<input id="room-name-input" type="text" size="100"><br>
<input id="room-name-submit" type="button" value="Enter">
<script>
document.querySelector('#room-name-input').focus();
document.querySelector('#room-name-input').onkeyup = function(e) {
if (e.keyCode === 13) { // enter, return
document.querySelector('#room-name-submit').click();
}
};
document.querySelector('#room-name-submit').onclick = function(e) {
var roomName = document.querySelector('#room-name-input').value;
window.location.pathname = '/chat/' + roomName + '/';
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
视图
# chat/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
return render(request, 'chat/index.html')
路由
# chat/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
]
主路由
# mysite/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path
urlpatterns = [
path('chat/', include('chat.urls')),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
集成 Channels 库
首先调整mysite/asgi.py文件以包含以下代码：
# mysite/asgi.py
import os
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'mysite.settings')
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"http": get_asgi_application(),
# Just HTTP for now. (We can add other protocols later.)
})
# mysite/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'channels',
'chat',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
# mysite/settings.py
# Channels
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.asgi.application'
python3 manage.py runserver
注意:
Starting ASGI/Channels version 3.0.5 development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
实现聊天服务器
创建一个新文件chat/templates/chat/room.html。
<!-- chat/templates/chat/room.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>Chat Room</title>
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="chat-log" cols="100" rows="20"></textarea><br>
<input id="chat-message-input" type="text" size="100"><br>
<input id="chat-message-submit" type="button" value="Send">
{{ room_name|json_script:"room-name" }}
<script>
const roomName = JSON.parse(document.getElementById('room-name').textContent);
const chatSocket = new WebSocket(
'ws://'
+ window.location.host
+ '/ws/chat/'
+ roomName
+ '/'
);
chatSocket.onmessage = function(e) {
const data = JSON.parse(e.data);
document.querySelector('#chat-log').value += (data.message + '\n');
};
chatSocket.onclose = function(e) {
console.error('Chat socket closed unexpectedly');
};
document.querySelector('#chat-message-input').focus();
document.querySelector('#chat-message-input').onkeyup = function(e) {
if (e.keyCode === 13) { // enter, return
document.querySelector('#chat-message-submit').click();
}
};
document.querySelector('#chat-message-submit').onclick = function(e) {
const messageInputDom = document.querySelector('#chat-message-input');
const message = messageInputDom.value;
chatSocket.send(JSON.stringify({
'message': message
}));
messageInputDom.value = '';
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
# chat/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
return render(request, 'chat/index.html', {})
def room(request, room_name):
return render(request, 'chat/room.html', {
'room_name': room_name
})
# chat/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index, name='index'),
path('<str:room_name>/', views.room, name='room'),
]
python3 manage.py runserver
进入聊天室
first consumer
创建一个新文件chat/consumers.py
# chat/consumers.py
import json
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
def connect(self):
self.accept()
def disconnect(self, close_code):
pass
def receive(self, text_data):
text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
message = text_data_json['message']
self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
'message': message
}))
创建一个新文件chat/routing.py
# chat/routing.py
from django.urls import re_path
from . import consumers
websocket_urlpatterns = [
re_path(r'ws/chat/(?P<room_name>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]
下一步是将根路由配置指向 chat.routing模块。在mysite/asgi.py, 导入AuthMiddlewareStack, URLRouter, 和chat.routing; 并按以下格式在列表中插入一个'websocket'键 ：ProtocolTypeRouter
# mysite/asgi.py
import os
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.security.websocket import AllowedHostsOriginValidator
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")
# Initialize Django ASGI application early to ensure the AppRegistry
# is populated before importing code that may import ORM models.
django_asgi_app = get_asgi_application()
import chat.routing
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"http": django_asgi_app,
"websocket": AllowedHostsOriginValidator(
AuthMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(
chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
)
)
),
})
python3 manage.py runserver
进入聊天室,
启用channel layer
pip install channels_redis
# mysite/settings.py
# Channels
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.asgi.application'
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
'CONFIG': {
"hosts": [('127.0.0.1', 6379)],
},
},
}
# chat/consumers.py
import json
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer
class ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):
def connect(self):
self.room_name = self.scope['url_route']['kwargs']['room_name']
self.room_group_name = 'chat_%s' % self.room_name
# Join room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_add)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
self.accept()
def disconnect(self, close_code):
# Leave room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_discard)(
self.room_group_name,
self.channel_name
)
# Receive message from WebSocket
def receive(self, text_data):
text_data_json = json.loads(text_data)
message = text_data_json['message']
# Send message to room group
async_to_sync(self.channel_layer.group_send)(
self.room_group_name,
{
'type': 'chat_message',
'message': message
}
)
# Receive message from room group
def chat_message(self, event):
message = event['message']
# Send message to WebSocket
self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
'message': message
}))
