Selenium学习，顺带学习简单python用法

环境配置

• install python
• Add pip.exe and python.exe paths to system environment variables
• pip install selenium
• install pycharm
• install the WebDriver version corresponding to the browser version(Add the path to the system environment variable or put WebDriver in the Scripts file in the python directory)

最简单案例：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Edge()
driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('w')
driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
sleep(3)
driver.quit()


#封装函数
def test():
    driver = webdriver.Edge()
    driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('w')
    driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
    sleep(3)
    driver.quit()

# test()

#封装类
class TestCase(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Edge()

    def test(self):
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('w')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestCase()
    case.test()

元素定位

find_element 返回元素 find_elements 返回一个集合

find_element_by_id() find_element_by_xpath() find_element_by_link_text() find_element_by_partial_link_text() find_element_by_tag_name() find_element_by_name() find_element_by_class_name() find_element_by_css_selector()

现在find_element_by_...已经被弃用，推荐方法

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class TestElement(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Edge()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')

    def test_id(self):
        element = self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw')
        element.send_keys('id')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()

    def test_name(self):
        element = self.driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'wd')
        element.send_keys('name')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()

    def test_link_text(self):
        self.test_name()
        self.driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, '百度首页').click()
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()

    def test_partial_link_text(self):
        self.test_name()
        self.driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, '首页').click()
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()

    def test_xpath(self):
        element = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="kw"]')
        element.send_keys('xpath')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()

    def test_tag_name(self):
        # 返回的是一个list列表，通过序号获取,一般不用tag_name，不能准确的获取
        element = self.driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'input')[0]
        print(element)
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()

    def test_css_selector(self):
        element = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#kw')
        element.send_keys('selector')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()

    def test_css_name(self):
        element = self.driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 's_ipt')
        element.send_keys('css')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(1)
        # self.driver.quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestElement()
    # case.test_id()
    # case.test_name()
    # case.test_link_text()
    # case.test_partial_link_text()
    # case.test_xpath()
    # case.test_tag_name()
    # case.test_css_selector()
    case.test_css_name()

webdriver属性和方法

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class TestDriver(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Edge()
        self.driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')

    def test_props(self):
        print(self.driver.name)   # 浏览器名称
        print(self.driver.current_url)  # 当前url
        print(self.driver.title)    # 当前页面标题
        print(self.driver.window_handles)   # 当前窗口所有句柄
        print(self.driver.current_window_handle)  # 当前窗口句柄
        print(self.driver.page_source)  # 浏览器源码
        self.driver.quit()  # 退出浏览器

    def test_methods(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw').send_keys('methods')
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').click()
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.back()  # 浏览器后退
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.refresh()  # 浏览器刷新
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.forward()  # 浏览器前进
        sleep(3)
        self.driver.close()  # 关闭当前浏览器页面tab

if __name__ == '__main__':
    case = TestDriver()
    # case.test_props()
    case.test_methods()