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1 概述
AQS 是 AbstractQueuedSynchronizer,是阻塞式锁和相关的同步器工具的框架
特点:
- 用 state 属性来表示资源的状态(分独占模式和共享模式),子类需要定义如何维护这个状态,控制如何获取 锁和释放锁
- getState - 获取 state 状态
- setState - 设置 state 状态
- compareAndSetState - cas 机制设置 state 状态
- 独占模式是只有一个线程能够访问资源,而共享模式可以允许多个线程访问资源
- 提供了基于 FIFO 的等待队列,类似于 Monitor 的 EntryList
- 条件变量来实现等待、唤醒机制,支持多个条件变量,类似于 Monitor 的 WaitSet
子类主要实现一些常见方法如:
- tryAcquire
- tryRelease
- tryAcquireShared
- tryReleaseShared
- isHeldExclusively
默认抛出 UnsupportedOperationException
获取锁的案例
// 如果获取锁失败
if (!tryAcquire(arg)) {
// 入队, 可以选择阻塞当前线程 park unpark
}
释放锁的案例
// 如果释放锁成功
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
// 让阻塞线程恢复运行
}
2 自定义不可重入锁
自定义同步器
final class MySync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
@Override
protected boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
if (acquires == 1){
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
protected boolean tryRelease(int acquires) {
if(acquires == 1) {
if(getState() == 0) {
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
}
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(0);
return true;
}
return false;
}
protected Condition newCondition() {
return new ConditionObject();
}
@Override
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
return getState() == 1;
}
}
自定义锁
class MyLock implements Lock {
static MySync sync = new MySync();
@Override
// 尝试,不成功,进入等待队列
public void lock() {
sync.acquire(1);
}
@Override
// 尝试,不成功,进入等待队列,可打断
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
}
@Override
// 尝试一次,不成功返回,不进入队列
public boolean tryLock() {
return sync.tryAcquire(1);
}
@Override
// 尝试,不成功,进入等待队列,有时限
public boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(time));
}
@Override
// 释放锁
public void unlock() {
sync.release(1);
}
@Override
// 生成条件变量
public Condition newCondition() {
return sync.newCondition();
}
}
测试
MyLock lock = new MyLock();
new Thread(() -> {
lock.lock();
try {
log.debug("locking...");
sleep(1);
} finally {
log.debug("unlocking...");
lock.unlock();
}
},"t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
lock.lock();
try {
log.debug("locking...");
} finally {
log.debug("unlocking...");
lock.unlock();
}
},"t2").start();
运行结果:
c.TestAqs [t1] - locking...
c.TestAqs [t1] - unlocking...
c.TestAqs [t2] - locking...
c.TestAqs [t2] - unlocking...
不可重入测试
MyLock lock = new MyLock();
new Thread(() -> {
lock.lock();
log.debug("locking...");
lock.lock();
log.debug("locking...");
try {
log.debug("locking...");
sleep(1);
} finally {
log.debug("unlocking...");
lock.unlock();
}
},"t1").start();
运行结果:
c.TestAqs [t1] - locking...
该线程陷入死锁, 说明lock锁为不可重入锁.