Docker是一个平台即服务（PaaS）产品的集合，它使用操作系统级的虚拟化来提供被称为容器的软件包。容器之间是完全隔离的，是一个标准的软件单元，它将代码和所有的依赖关系打包，因此应用程序可以快速可靠地从一个计算环境运行到另一个。这使得容器成为重现开发环境以及在生产中服务于可重现的应用程序的一个伟大工具。在这个快速教程中，我们将开始使用Docker。
为你的操作系统安装Docker
启动Docker并开始教程
安装完成后，你会得到完成教程的选项，这就是你应该做的。
克隆一个存储库
为了启动一个容器，我们首先需要从Github克隆一个仓库。
git clone https://github.com/docker/getting-started
构建镜像
Docker镜像是一个专门为你的容器设计的私有文件系统。它提供了你的容器需要的所有文件和软件。
cd getting-started
docker build -t docker101tutorial
运行一个容器
根据你在上一步建立的镜像，启动一个容器。运行一个容器可以用私有资源启动你的应用程序，并与机器的其他部分安全地隔离。
docker run -d -p 80:80 --name docker-tutorial docker101tutorial
(可选）在Docker Hub上注册
Docker hub是一个很好的资源，可以让你找到世界上任何可以在容器中运行的软件。
在仪表板上查看容器
在Docker仪表盘中，你会看到容器在运行，并有一些选项。我们可以点击在浏览器中查看选项来查看我们的劳动成果。
你的网络浏览器应该自动启动并导航到http://localhost/tutorial，这是你刚刚用Docker在本地机器上启动的运行中的应用程序
新启动的应用程序中包含的教程是非常好的。它涵盖了你需要知道的一切，并可能回答你可能有的很多问题，特别是如果你是来自虚拟机工作流程的背景。
Docker快速参考
恭喜你，你的第一个容器已经启动并运行了。以下是快速使用现有Docker命令的一个很好的参考。
从当前目录下的[Docker文件]中构建一个镜像，并对该镜像进行标记
docker build -t myimage:1.0 。
列出本地存储在Docker引擎中的所有镜像
docker image ls
从本地镜像存储中删除一个镜像
docker image rm alpine:3.4
从Alpine 3.9版本的镜像中运行一个容器，将运行中的容器命名为 "web"，并在外部暴露5000端口，在容器内映射到80端口。
docker container run -nameweb -p 5000:80 alpine:3.9
通过SIGTERM停止一个正在运行的容器
docker container stop web
通过SIGKILL停止运行中的容器
docker container kill web
列出网络
docker network ls
列出运行中的容器（添加-all以包括停止的容器）
docker container ls -all
删除所有运行和停止的容器
docker container rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
打印一个容器的最后100行日志
docker container logs -tail 100 web
从注册表中提取一个镜像
docker pull myimage:1.0
用新的镜像名称和标签重新标记一个本地镜像
docker tag myimage:1.0 myrepo/myimage:2.0
推送一个镜像到注册表
docker push myrepo/myimage:2.0
Docker管理
docker
builder Manage builds
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
prune Remove build cache
config Manage Docker configs
create Create a config from a file or STDIN
inspect Display detailed information on one or more configs
ls List configs
rm Remove one or more configs
container Manage containers
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
kill Kill one or more running containers
logs Fetch the logs of a container
ls List containers
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
prune Remove all stopped containers
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
run Run a command in a new container
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
context Manage contexts
create Create new context
inspect Display detailed information on one or more contexts
list List available contexts
rm Remove one or more contexts
show Print the current context
use Set the default context
image Manage images
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
history Show the history of an image
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
inspect Display detailed information on one or more images
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
ls List images
prune Remove unused images
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rm Remove one or more images
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
network Manage networks
connect Connect a container to a network
create Create a network
disconnect Disconnect a container from a network
inspect Display detailed information on one or more networks
ls List networks
prune Remove all unused networks
rm Remove one or more networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
demote Demote one or more nodes from manager in the swarm
inspect Display detailed information on one or more nodes
ls List nodes in the swarm
promote Promote one or more nodes to manager in the swarm
ps List tasks running on one or more nodes, defaults to current node
rm Remove one or more nodes from the swarm
update Update a node
plugin Manage plugins
create Create a plugin from a rootfs and configuration. Plugin data directory
must contain config.json and rootfs directory.
disable Disable a plugin
enable Enable a plugin
inspect Display detailed information on one or more plugins
install Install a plugin
ls List plugins
push Push a plugin to a registry
rm Remove one or more plugins
set Change settings for a plugin
upgrade Upgrade an existing plugin
secret Manage Docker secrets
create Create a secret from a file or STDIN as content
inspect Display detailed information on one or more secrets
ls List secrets
rm Remove one or more secrets
service Manage services
create Create a new service
inspect Display detailed information on one or more services
logs Fetch the logs of a service or task
ls List services
ps List the tasks of one or more services
rm Remove one or more services
rollback Revert changes to a service's configuration
scale Scale one or multiple replicated services
update Update a service
stack Manage Docker stacks
deploy Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack
ls List stacks
ps List the tasks in the stack
rm Remove one or more stacks
services List the services in the stack
swarm Manage Swarm
ca Display and rotate the root CA
init Initialize a swarm
join Join a swarm as a node and/or manager
join-token Manage join tokens
leave Leave the swarm
unlock Unlock swarm
unlock-key Manage the unlock key
update Update the swarm
system Manage Docker
df Show docker disk usage
events Get real time events from the server
info Display system-wide information
prune Remove unused data
trust Manage trust on Docker images
key Manage keys for signing Docker images
generate Generate and load a signing key-pair
load Load a private key file for signing
signer Manage entities who can sign Docker images
add Add a signer
remove Remove a signer
volume Manage volumes
create Create a volume
inspect Display detailed information on one or more volumes
ls List volumes
prune Remove all unused local volumes
rm Remove one or more volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Docker快速教程总结
这应该让你对Docker的运作方式有一个基本的了解，掌握了Docker的关键概念。在其最基本的层面上，Docker只是简单的图像和容器。
