深入浅出Go语言通道chan类型

本文已参与「新人创作礼」活动，一起开启掘金创作之路。

首先引用一句名言：

Don’t communicate by sharing memory; share memory by communicating.

（不要通过共享内存来通信，而应该通过通信来共享内存。）-Rob Pike

我是这样理解的：

1 简介

通道(chan)类似于一个队列，特性就是先进先出，多用于goruntine之间的通信

声明方式：

ch := make(chan int)

放入元素：

ch <- 0

取出元素：

elem1 := <-ch

遍历元素：

for data := range ch {
   ...
}

2 最基本使用

func chanPlay01() {
   //声明一个chan，设置长度为3
   ch1 := make(chan int, 3)
   //进channel
   ch1 <- 2
   ch1 <- 1
   ch1 <- 3
   //出channel
   elem1 := <-ch1
   elem2 := <-ch1
   elem3 := <-ch1
   //打印通道的值
   fmt.Printf("The first element received from channel ch1: %v\n", elem1)
   fmt.Printf("The first element received from channel ch1: %v\n", elem2)
   fmt.Printf("The first element received from channel ch1: %v\n", elem3)
   //关闭通道
   close(ch1)
}

3 引入panic()方法

func chanPlay03() {
   //声明一个chan，设置长度为3
   ch1 := make(chan int, 2)
   //进channel
   ch1 <- 2
   ch1 <- 1
   ch1 <- 3
   //出channel
   elem1 := <-ch1
   elem2 := <-ch1
   elem3 := <-ch1
   //打印通道的值
   fmt.Printf("The first element received from channel ch1: %v\n", elem1)
   fmt.Printf("The first element received from channel ch1: %v\n", elem2)
   //panic内置函数停止当前线程的正常执行goroutine
   panic(ch1)
   fmt.Printf("The first element received from channel ch1: %v\n", elem3)
   //关闭通道
   close(ch1)
}

4 不同协程间通信

func main() {
   // 构建一个通道
   ch := make(chan int)
   // 开启一个并发匿名函数
   go func() {
      // 从3循环到0
      for i := 3; i >= 0; i-- {
         // 发送3到0之间的数值
         ch <- i
         // 每次发送完时等待
         time.Sleep(time.Second)
      }
   }()
   // 遍历接收通道数据
   for data := range ch {
      // 打印通道数据
      fmt.Println(data)
      // 当遇到数据0时, 退出接收循环
      if data == 0 {
         break
      }
   }
}