Arduino 与HC-SRO4超声波传感器的OLED握手

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Arduino教程传送门🧭🏔🌋🛤🏞🏜 @[TOC](Arduino 与HC-SRO4超声波传感器的OLED握手)

1.0 简介

  • 超声波传感器：超声波传感器是将==超声波信号转换成其他能量信号==（通常是电信号）的传感器。超声波是振动频率高于20kHz的机械波。它具有频率高、波长短、绕射现象小，特别是方向性好、能够成为射线而定向传播等特点。
  • 有机发光二极管（OrganicLight-Emitting Diode，OLED），又称为有机电激光显示、有机发光半导体（OrganicElectroluminesence Display，OLED），是指有机半导体材料和发光材料在电场驱动下，通过载流子注入和复合导致发光的现象。本篇通过==HC-SRO4超声波传感器==采样得到距离，再通过串口和==0.98寸OLED==将距离打印显示。有超程LED（可换成蜂鸣器）报警提示 在这里插入图片描述

超声波传感技术的学习 1.超声波传感技术应用在生产实践的不同方面，而医学应用是其最主要的应用之一，下面以医学为例子说明超声波传感技术的应用。 2.超声波在医学上的应用主要是诊断疾病，它已经成为了临床医学中不可缺少的诊断方法。超声波诊断的优点是：对受检者无痛苦、无损害、方法简便、显像清晰、诊断的准确率高等。因而推广容易，受到医务工作者和患者的欢迎。超声波诊断可以基于不同的医学原理，我们来看看其中有代表性的一种所谓的A型方法。这个方法是利用超声波的反射。当超声波在人体组织中传播遇到两层声阻抗不同的介质界面时，在该界面就产生反射回声。每遇到一个反射面时，回声在示波器的屏幕上显示出来，而两个界面的阻抗差值也决定了回声的振幅的高低。

  • 工作原理： 传感器采用HC-SRO4超声波传感器传感器，可以距离的信息（==也可以判断前方是否有物体检测==）；输出元件有OLED和报警LED。首先传感器将获取前方到传感器的距离，并将其传输至Arduino，Arduino获得数据后进行数据解析，将解析出的距离信息进行OLED显示器的显示，接着展示OLED字幕“Happy new year”，最后展示一个爱心💕，希望大家有所收获😊😊😊，此次已优化动作。

  • HC-SRO4超声波传感器相关参数如下：

在这里插入图片描述

2.0 实验材料

  • Arduino Uno R3开发板
  • HC-SRO4超声波传感器
  • 0.98寸OLED
  • 六根公母线
  • USB数据线
  • 一台安装Arduino开发环境的电脑

3.0 实验步骤

3.1 根据原理图搭建电路

HC-SRO4超声波传感器为5V供电，其中Echo接3号，Trig接2号；OLED显示器的通讯方式为IIC通讯，因此除了5V供电的两根线外，只需要一根信号线SDA（uno 的A4也可以）和一根时钟线SCL（uno 的A5也可以）就可以，报警LED接4号。 LE D —————— 4 Echo —————— 3 T r ig —————— 2 SD A —————— SDA（uno 的A4也可以） SC L —————— SCL（uno 的A5也可以） 实验原理图： 在这里插入图片描述

实验接线图： 在这里插入图片描述

3.2 新建sketch，拷贝如下代码并进行保存编译上传

代码： MIxly模块

在这里插入图片描述

Arduino IDE代码所需U8g2lib库和DHT库


#include <U8g2lib.h>
#include <Wire.h>

U8G2_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_1_HW_I2C u8g2(U8G2_R0, U8X8_PIN_NONE);
volatile float item;
const static unsigned char FACE_Heart_large[] PROGMEM ={0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0x03,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xBF,0x07,0x00,0xC0,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x3F,0x1C,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0xE1,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xFF,0x71,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xC3,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xE7,0x00,0xFC,0xFF,0x8F,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0xFF,0xCF,0x01,0xFE,0xFF,0x3F,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xFF,0xFF,0x9F,0x03,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x83,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x0C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x87,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1D,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xC6,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x19,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xEF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x33,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x37,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x37,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x6F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFC,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xFF,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0xFF,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0xFF,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0xFF,0x1F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xFF,0x0F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00 };

void page1() {
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_timR12_tf);
  u8g2.setFontPosTop();
  u8g2.setCursor(20,10);
  u8g2.print("Distance： ");
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_timB24_tf);
  u8g2.setFontPosTop();
  u8g2.setCursor(20,30);
  u8g2.print(item);
}

float checkdistance_2_3() {
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  float distance = pulseIn(3, HIGH) / 58.00;
  delay(10);
  return distance;
}

void page2() {
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_timB18_tf);
  u8g2.setFontPosTop();
  u8g2.setCursor(40,10);
  u8g2.print("Happy");
  u8g2.setCursor(25,30);
  u8g2.print("new year");
  delay(50);
}

void page3() {
  u8g2.drawXBMP(20,0,89,64,FACE_Heart_large);
  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_open_iconic_all_1x_t);
  u8g2.drawGlyph(102,45+1*8,64);
  delay(50);
}

void setup(){
  u8g2.begin();
  Serial.begin(9600);
  item = 0;
  //OLED 两页切换
  //打印温湿度和爱心
  u8g2.enableUTF8Print();

  pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(3, INPUT);
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
}

void loop(){
  item = checkdistance_2_3();
  if (item > 300) {
    item = 300;
    digitalWrite(4,HIGH);

  } else {
    digitalWrite(4,LOW);

  }
  u8g2.clearDisplay();
  u8g2.firstPage();
  do
  {
    page1();
  }while(u8g2.nextPage());
  delay(1000);
  Serial.print("Distance： ");
  Serial.println(item);
  u8g2.firstPage();
  do
  {
    page2();
  }while(u8g2.nextPage());
  delay(1000);
  u8g2.firstPage();
  do
  {
    page3();
  }while(u8g2.nextPage());
  delay(1000);

}

3.3 实验现象

打开窗口监视，观察OLED显示屏和串口的数据是否一致 ，然后改变HC-SRO4超声波前方遮挡物的距离 ，当距离大于300cm就显示300cm，报警LED亮起；否则报警LED熄灭，达到提醒的效果，快观察其两者动态变化 😃😃😃 视频演示

[video(video-AFaPwK8W-1612958568399)(type-youku)(url-player.youku.com/embed/XNTEw… 与HC)]

在这里插入图片描述

4.0 总结

  • ==首先传感器将获取距离，并将其传输至Arduino，Arduino获得数据后进行数据解析，当距离大于300cm就显示300cm，报警LED亮起；否则报警LED熄灭，达到提醒的效果。将解析出的距离进行OLED显示器的显示，接着展示OLED字幕“Happy new year”，最后展示一个爱心💕==。难度综合性强，值得新手一试！！！😃😃😃
  • 在以后的博文中我们将学会用arduino==常用传感器和执行器==，从而实现对外部世界进行感知，充分认识这个有机与无机的环境，科学地合理地进行创作和发挥效益，然后为人类社会发展贡献一点微薄之力。
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