关于 keep-alive
keep-alive 是一个抽象组件,不会和子组件建立父子关系,也不会作为节点渲染到页面上。除了kepp-alive还有等。
作用
- 缓存的是整个 VNode
- 能在组件切换过程中将状态保留在内存中,防止重复渲染DOM。
- 避免反复渲染影响页面性能,同时也可以很大程度上减少接口请求,减小服务器压力。
- 能够进行路由缓存和组件缓存。
生命周期
当组件在 <keep-alive> 内被切换,它的 activated 和 deactivated 这两个生命周期钩子函数将会被对应执行。
- 页面第一次进入,钩子的触发顺序
created-> mounted-> activated,退出时触发 deactivated。当再次进入(前进或者后退)时,只触发 activated。
- 事件挂载的方法等,只执行一次的放在 mounted 中;组件每次进去执行的方法放在 activated 中。
keep-alive解析
源码文件位置: source-code\vue\src\core\components\keep-alive.js
渲染
keep-alive 是由 render 函数决定渲染结果,在开头会获取插槽内的子元素,调用 getFirstComponentChild 获取到第一个子元素的 VNode。
const slot = this.$slots.default
const vnode: VNode = getFirstComponentChild(slot)
接着判断当前组件是否符合缓存条件,组件名与 include 不匹配或与 exclude 匹配都会直接退出并返回 VNode,不走缓存机制。
// check pattern
const name: ?string = getComponentName(componentOptions)
const { include, exclude } = this
if (
// not included
(include && (!name || !matches(include, name))) ||
// excluded
(exclude && name && matches(exclude, name))
) {
return vnode
}
匹配条件通过会进入缓存机制的逻辑,如果命中缓存,从 cache 中获取缓存的实例设置到当前的组件上,并调整 key 的位置将其放到最后(LRU 策略)。 如果没命中缓存,将当前 VNode 缓存起来,并加入当前组件的 key。如果缓存组件的数量超出 max 的值,即缓存空间不足,则调用 pruneCacheEntry 将最旧的组件从缓存中删除,即 keys[0] 的组件。之后将组件的 keepAlive 标记为 true,表示它是被缓存的组件。
LRU 缓存策略:从内存中找出最久未使用的数据置换新的数据。
算法根据数据的历史访问记录来进行淘汰数据,其核心思想是:如果数据最近被访问过,那么将来被访问的几率也更高。
const { cache, keys } = this
const key: ?string = vnode.key == null
// same constructor may get registered as different local components
// so cid alone is not enough (#3269)
? componentOptions.Ctor.cid + (componentOptions.tag ? `::${componentOptions.tag}` : '')
: vnode.key
if (cache[key]) {
vnode.componentInstance = cache[key].componentInstance
// make current key freshest
remove(keys, key)
keys.push(key)
} else {
cache[key] = vnode
keys.push(key)
// prune oldest entry
if (this.max && keys.length > parseInt(this.max)) {
pruneCacheEntry(cache, keys[0], keys, this._vnode)
}
}
pruneCacheEntry 负责将组件从缓存中删除,它会调用组件 $destroy 方法销毁组件实例,缓存组件置空,并移除对应的 key。
function pruneCacheEntry (
cache: CacheEntryMap,
key: string,
keys: Array<string>,
current?: VNode
) {
const entry: ?CacheEntry = cache[key]
if (entry && (!current || entry.tag !== current.tag)) {
entry.componentInstance.$destroy()
}
cache[key] = null
remove(keys, key)
}
export default {
name: 'keep-alive',
abstract: true,
// ...
destroyed () {
for (const key in this.cache) {
pruneCacheEntry(this.cache, key, this.keys)
}
},
render(){}
}
👉渲染总结
- 通过 getFirstComponentChild 获取第一个子组件,获取该组件的 name;
- 通过 include 与 exclude 属性进行匹配,判断当前组件是否要被缓存,如果匹配成功;
- 命中缓存则直接获取,同时更新 key 的位置;
- 不命中缓存则设置进缓存,同时检查缓存的实例数量是否超过 max, 超过则根据 LRU 策略删除最近最久未使用;
- 如果在中途有对 include 和 exclude 进行修改,通过 watch 来监听 include 和 exclude,在其改变时调用 pruneCache 以修改 cache 缓存中的缓存数据。
最后附上Vue2.X 源码(keep-alive):
// vue\src\core\components\keep-alive.js
/* @flow */
import { isRegExp, remove } from 'shared/util'
import { getFirstComponentChild } from 'core/vdom/helpers/index'
type CacheEntry = {
name: ?string;
tag: ?string;
componentInstance: Component;
};
type CacheEntryMap = { [key: string]: ?CacheEntry };
function getComponentName (opts: ?VNodeComponentOptions): ?string {
return opts && (opts.Ctor.options.name || opts.tag)
}
function matches (pattern: string | RegExp | Array<string>, name: string): boolean {
if (Array.isArray(pattern)) {
return pattern.indexOf(name) > -1
} else if (typeof pattern === 'string') {
return pattern.split(',').indexOf(name) > -1
} else if (isRegExp(pattern)) {
return pattern.test(name)
}
/* istanbul ignore next */
return false
}
function pruneCache (keepAliveInstance: any, filter: Function) {
const { cache, keys, _vnode } = keepAliveInstance
for (const key in cache) {
const entry: ?CacheEntry = cache[key]
if (entry) {
const name: ?string = entry.name
if (name && !filter(name)) {
pruneCacheEntry(cache, key, keys, _vnode)
}
}
}
}
function pruneCacheEntry (
cache: CacheEntryMap,
key: string,
keys: Array<string>,
current?: VNode
) {
const entry: ?CacheEntry = cache[key]
if (entry && (!current || entry.tag !== current.tag)) {
entry.componentInstance.$destroy()
}
cache[key] = null
remove(keys, key)
}
const patternTypes: Array<Function> = [String, RegExp, Array]
export default {
name: 'keep-alive',
abstract: true,
props: {
include: patternTypes,
exclude: patternTypes,
max: [String, Number]
},
methods: {
cacheVNode() {
const { cache, keys, vnodeToCache, keyToCache } = this
if (vnodeToCache) {
const { tag, componentInstance, componentOptions } = vnodeToCache
cache[keyToCache] = {
name: getComponentName(componentOptions),
tag,
componentInstance,
}
keys.push(keyToCache)
// prune oldest entry
if (this.max && keys.length > parseInt(this.max)) {
pruneCacheEntry(cache, keys[0], keys, this._vnode)
}
this.vnodeToCache = null
}
}
},
created () {
this.cache = Object.create(null)
this.keys = []
},
destroyed () {
for (const key in this.cache) {
pruneCacheEntry(this.cache, key, this.keys)
}
},
mounted () {
this.cacheVNode()
this.$watch('include', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => matches(val, name))
})
this.$watch('exclude', val => {
pruneCache(this, name => !matches(val, name))
})
},
updated () {
this.cacheVNode()
},
render () {
const slot = this.$slots.default
const vnode: VNode = getFirstComponentChild(slot)
const componentOptions: ?VNodeComponentOptions = vnode && vnode.componentOptions
if (componentOptions) {
// check pattern
const name: ?string = getComponentName(componentOptions)
const { include, exclude } = this
if (
// not included
(include && (!name || !matches(include, name))) ||
// excluded
(exclude && name && matches(exclude, name))
) {
return vnode
}
const { cache, keys } = this
const key: ?string = vnode.key == null
// same constructor may get registered as different local components
// so cid alone is not enough (#3269)
? componentOptions.Ctor.cid + (componentOptions.tag ? `::${componentOptions.tag}` : '')
: vnode.key
if (cache[key]) {
vnode.componentInstance = cache[key].componentInstance
// make current key freshest
remove(keys, key)
keys.push(key)
} else {
// delay setting the cache until update
this.vnodeToCache = vnode
this.keyToCache = key
}
vnode.data.keepAlive = true
}
return vnode || (slot && slot[0])
}
}
参考链接: juejin.cn/post/693091…