14-1 jdbc快速入门
01-jdbc的概念
1.jdbc的概念
- JDBC(Java DataBase Connectivity,java数据库连接)是一种用于执行SQL语句的Java API,可以为多种关系型数据库提供统一访问,它是由一组用Java语言编写的类和接口组成的。
2.jdbc的本质
- 其实就是java官方提供的一套规范(接口)。用于帮助开发人员快速实现不同关系型数据库的连接!
02-jdbc快速入门
- 导入jar包
- 注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
- 获取连接
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2", "root", "root");
- 获取执行者对象
Statement stat = con.createStatement();
- 执行sql语句,并接收返回结果
String sql = "SELECT * FROM user";
ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery(sql);
- 处理结果
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt("id") + "\t" + rs.getString("name"));
}
- 释放资源
con.close();
stat.close();
rs.close();
14-2 jdbc功能类详解
03-jdbc功能类详解-DriverManager
- DriverManager:驱动管理对象
- 注册驱动(告诉程序该使用哪一个数据库驱动)
- static void registerDriver(Driver driver):注册与给定的驱动程序 DriverManager
- 注册驱动(告诉程序该使用哪一个数据库驱动)
- 写代码使用:Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
- 通过查看源码发现:在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver类中存在静态代码块
static {
try {
java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
} catch (SQLException E) {
throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
}
}
- 注意:mysql5之后的驱动jar包可以省略注册驱动的步骤。在jar包中,存在一个java.sql.Driver配置文件,文件中指定了com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- 获取数据库连接(获取到数据库的连接并返回连接对象)
- static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password);
- 返回值:Connection数据库连接对象
- static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password);
- 参数
- url:指定连接的路径。语法:jdbc:mysql://ip地址(域名):端口号/数据库名称
- user:用户名
- password:密码
04-jdbc功能类详解-Connection
- Connection:数据库连接对象
- 获取执行者对象
- 获取普通执行者对象:Statement createStatement();
- 获取执行者对象
- 获取预编译执行者对象:PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql);
- 管理事务
- 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit); 参数为false,则开启事务。
- 提交事务:commit();
- 回滚事务:rollback();
- 释放资源
- 立即将数据库连接对象释放:void close();
05-jdbc功能类详解-Statement
- Statement:执行sql语句的对象
- 执行DML语句:int executeUpdate(String sql);
- 返回值int:返回影响的行数。
- 执行DML语句:int executeUpdate(String sql);
- 参数sql:可以执行insert、update、delete语句。
- 执行DQL语句:ResultSet executeQuery(String sql);
- 返回值ResultSet:封装查询的结果。
- 参数sql:可以执行select语句。
- 释放资源
- 立即将执行者对象释放:void close();
06-jdbc功能类详解-ResultSet
- ResultSet:结果集对象
- 判断结果集中是否还有数据:boolean next();
- 有数据返回true,并将索引向下移动一行
- 判断结果集中是否还有数据:boolean next();
- 没有数据返回false
- 获取结果集中的数据:XXX getXxx("列名");
- XXX代表数据类型(要获取某列数据,这一列的数据类型)
- 例如:String getString("name"); int getInt("age");
- 释放资源
- 立即将结果集对象释放:void close();
14-3 jdbc案例
1.数据准备
- 数据库和数据表
-- 创建db14数据库
CREATE DATABASE db14;
-- 使用db14数据库
USE db14;
-- 创建student表
CREATE TABLE student(
sid INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, -- 学生id
NAME VARCHAR(20), -- 学生姓名
age INT, -- 学生年龄
birthday DATE -- 学生生日
);
-- 添加数据
INSERT INTO student VALUES (NULL,'张三',23,'1999-09-23'),(NULL,'李四',24,'1998-08-10'),(NULL,'王五',25,'1996-06-06'),(NULL,'赵六',26,'1994-10-20');
- 实体类
- Student类,成员变量对应表中的列
- 注意:所有的基本数据类型需要使用包装类,以防null值无法赋值
package com.itheima02.domain;
import java.util.Date;
public class Student {
private Integer sid;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Date birthday;
public Student() {
}
public Student(Integer sid, String name, Integer age, Date birthday) {
this.sid = sid;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Integer getSid() {
return sid;
}
public void setSid(Integer sid) {
this.sid = sid;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"sid=" + sid +
", name='" + name + ''' +
", age=" + age +
", birthday=" + birthday +
'}';
}
}
2.需求一:查询全部
- 持久层
/*
查询所有学生信息
*/
@Override
public ArrayList<Student> findAll() {
ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
Connection con = null;
Statement stat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try{
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取数据库连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://192.168.59.129:3306/db14", "root", "itheima");
//3.获取执行者对象
stat = con.createStatement();
//4.执行sql语句,并且接收返回的结果集
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
rs = stat.executeQuery(sql);
//5.处理结果集
while(rs.next()) {
Integer sid = rs.getInt("sid");
String name = rs.getString("name");
Integer age = rs.getInt("age");
Date birthday = rs.getDate("birthday");
//封装Student对象
Student stu = new Student(sid,name,age,birthday);
//将student对象保存到集合中
list.add(stu);
}
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//6.释放资源
if(con != null) {
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stat != null) {
try {
stat.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//将集合对象返回
return list;
}
- 业务层
/*
查询所有学生信息
*/
@Override
public ArrayList<Student> findAll() {
return dao.findAll();
}
- 控制层
/*
查询所有学生信息
*/
@Test
public void findAll() {
ArrayList<Student> list = service.findAll();
for(Student stu : list) {
System.out.println(stu);
}
}
3.需求二:条件查询
- 持久层
/*
条件查询,根据id查询学生信息
*/
@Override
public Student findById(Integer id) {
Student stu = new Student();
Connection con = null;
Statement stat = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try{
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取数据库连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://192.168.59.129:3306/db14", "root", "itheima");
//3.获取执行者对象
stat = con.createStatement();
//4.执行sql语句,并且接收返回的结果集
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student WHERE sid='"+id+"'";
rs = stat.executeQuery(sql);
//5.处理结果集
while(rs.next()) {
Integer sid = rs.getInt("sid");
String name = rs.getString("name");
Integer age = rs.getInt("age");
Date birthday = rs.getDate("birthday");
//封装Student对象
stu.setSid(sid);
stu.setName(name);
stu.setAge(age);
stu.setBirthday(birthday);
}
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//6.释放资源
if(con != null) {
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stat != null) {
try {
stat.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//将对象返回
return stu;
}
- 业务层
/*
条件查询,根据id查询学生信息
*/
@Override
public Student findById(Integer id) {
return dao.findById(id);
}
- 控制层
/*
条件查询,根据id查询学生信息
*/
@Test
public void findById() {
Student stu = service.findById(3);
System.out.println(stu);
}
4.需求三:新增数据
- 持久层
/*
添加学生信息
*/
@Override
public int insert(Student stu) {
Connection con = null;
Statement stat = null;
int result = 0;
try{
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取数据库连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://192.168.59.129:3306/db14", "root", "itheima");
//3.获取执行者对象
stat = con.createStatement();
//4.执行sql语句,并且接收返回的结果集
Date d = stu.getBirthday();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
String birthday = sdf.format(d);
String sql = "INSERT INTO student VALUES ('"+stu.getSid()+"','"+stu.getName()+"','"+stu.getAge()+"','"+birthday+"')";
result = stat.executeUpdate(sql);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//6.释放资源
if(con != null) {
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stat != null) {
try {
stat.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//将结果返回
return result;
}
- 业务层
/*
新增学生信息
*/
@Override
public int insert(Student stu) {
return dao.insert(stu);
}
- 控制层
/*
新增学生信息
*/
@Test
public void insert() {
Student stu = new Student(5,"周七",27,new Date());
int result = service.insert(stu);
if(result != 0) {
System.out.println("新增成功");
}else {
System.out.println("新增失败");
}
}
5.需求四:修改数据
- 持久层
/*
修改学生信息
*/
@Override
public int update(Student stu) {
Connection con = null;
Statement stat = null;
int result = 0;
try{
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取数据库连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://192.168.59.129:3306/db14", "root", "itheima");
//3.获取执行者对象
stat = con.createStatement();
//4.执行sql语句,并且接收返回的结果集
Date d = stu.getBirthday();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
String birthday = sdf.format(d);
String sql = "UPDATE student SET sid='"+stu.getSid()+"',name='"+stu.getName()+"',age='"+stu.getAge()+"',birthday='"+birthday+"' WHERE sid='"+stu.getSid()+"'";
result = stat.executeUpdate(sql);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//6.释放资源
if(con != null) {
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stat != null) {
try {
stat.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//将结果返回
return result;
}
- 业务层
/*
修改学生信息
*/
@Override
public int update(Student stu) {
return dao.update(stu);
}
- 控制层
/*
修改学生信息
*/
@Test
public void update() {
Student stu = service.findById(5);
stu.setName("周七七");
int result = service.update(stu);
if(result != 0) {
System.out.println("修改成功");
}else {
System.out.println("修改失败");
}
}
6.需求五:删除数据
- 持久层
/*
删除学生信息
*/
@Override
public int delete(Integer id) {
Connection con = null;
Statement stat = null;
int result = 0;
try{
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取数据库连接
con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://192.168.59.129:3306/db14", "root", "itheima");
//3.获取执行者对象
stat = con.createStatement();
//4.执行sql语句,并且接收返回的结果集
String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE sid='"+id+"'";
result = stat.executeUpdate(sql);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//6.释放资源
if(con != null) {
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stat != null) {
try {
stat.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//将结果返回
return result;
}
- 业务层
/*
删除学生信息
*/
@Override
public int delete(Integer id) {
return dao.delete(id);
}
- 控制层
/*
删除学生信息
*/
@Test
public void delete() {
int result = service.delete(5);
if(result != 0) {
System.out.println("删除成功");
}else {
System.out.println("删除失败");
}
}
14-4 jdbc工具类
13-jdbc工具类-编写
- 配置文件(在src下创建config.properties)
driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db14
username=root
password=itheima
- 工具类
/*
JDBC工具类
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
//1.私有构造方法
private JDBCUtils(){};
//2.声明配置信息变量
private static String driverClass;
private static String url;
private static String username;
private static String password;
private static Connection con;
//3.静态代码块中实现加载配置文件和注册驱动
static{
try{
//通过类加载器返回配置文件的字节流
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties");
//创建Properties集合,加载流对象的信息
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(is);
//获取信息为变量赋值
driverClass = prop.getProperty("driverClass");
url = prop.getProperty("url");
username = prop.getProperty("username");
password = prop.getProperty("password");
//注册驱动
Class.forName(driverClass);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
14-5 sql注入攻击
17-jdbc-sql注入攻击的演示
密码= ' or '1'='1
- 在Statement对象在执行sql语句时,将一部分内容当做查询条件来执行了
18-jdbc-sql注入攻击的解决
PreparedStatement的介绍
- 预编译sql语句的执行者对象。在执行sql语句之前,将sql语句进行提前编译。明确sql语句的格式后,就不会改变了。剩余的内容都会认为是参数!参数使用?作为占位符
- 为参数赋值的方法:setXxx(参数1,参数2);
- 参数1:?的位置编号(编号从1开始)
- 参数2:?的实际参数
- 执行sql语句的方法
- 执行insert、update、delete语句:int executeUpdate();
- 执行select语句:ResultSet executeQuery();
/*
使用PreparedStatement的登录方法,解决注入攻击
*/
@Override
public User findByLoginNameAndPassword(String loginName, String password) {
//定义必要信息
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement pstm = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
User user = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.创建操作SQL对象
String sql = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE loginname=? AND password=?";
pstm = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//3.设置参数
pstm.setString(1,loginName);
pstm.setString(2,password);
System.out.println(sql);
//4.执行sql语句,获取结果集
rs = pstm.executeQuery();
//5.获取结果集
if (rs.next()) {
//6.封装
user = new User();
user.setUid(rs.getString("uid"));
}
//7.返回
return user;
}catch (Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(conn,pstm,rs);
}
}
14-6 jdbc管理事务
19-jdbc-jdbc管理事务的介绍
/*
事务要控制在此处
*/
@Override
public void batchAdd(List<User> users) {
//获取数据库连接
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
try {
//开启事务
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
for (User user : users) {
//1.创建ID,并把UUID中的-替换
String uid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "").toUpperCase();
//2.给user的uid赋值
user.setUid(uid);
//3.生成员工编号
user.setUcode(uid);
//模拟异常
//int n = 1 / 0;
//4.保存
userDao.save(connection,user);
}
//提交事务
connection.commit();
}catch (Exception e){
try {
//回滚事务
connection.rollback();
}catch (Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
JDBCUtils.close(connection,null,null);
}
}
14-7 连接池
01-连接池-数据库连接池的概念
- 数据库连接背景
- 数据库连接是一种关键的、有限的、昂贵的资源,这一点在多用户的网页应用程序中体现得尤为突出。对数据库连接的管理能显著影响到整个应用程序的伸缩性和健壮性,影响到程序的性能指标。数据库连接池正是针对这个问题提出来的。
- 数据库连接池
- 数据库连接池负责分配、管理和释放数据库连接,它允许应用程序重复使用一个现有的数据库连接,而不是再重新建立一个。这项技术能明显提高对数据库操作的性能。
- 数据库连接池负责分配、管理和释放数据库连接,它允许应用程序重复使用一个现有的数据库连接,而不是再重新建立一个。这项技术能明显提高对数据库操作的性能。
02-连接池-自定义数据库连接池
- java.sql.DataSource接口:数据源(数据库连接池)。java官方提供的数据库连接池规范(接口)
- 获取数据库连接对象:Connection getConnection();
- 自定义连接池
/*
自定义连接池类
*/
public class MyDataSource implements DataSource{
//定义集合容器,用于保存多个数据库连接对象
private static List<Connection> pool = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Connection>());
//静态代码块,生成10个数据库连接保存到集合中
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Connection con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
pool.add(con);
}
}
//返回连接池的大小
public int getSize() {
return pool.size();
}
//从池中返回一个数据库连接
@Override
public Connection getConnection() {
if(pool.size() > 0) {
//从池中获取数据库连接
return pool.remove(0);
}else {
throw new RuntimeException("连接数量已用尽");
}
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return false;
}
@Override
public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {
}
@Override
public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
return null;
}
}
03-连接池-自定义数据库连接池的测试
public class MyDataSourceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//创建数据库连接池对象
MyDataSource dataSource = new MyDataSource();
System.out.println("使用之前连接池数量:" + dataSource.getSize());
//获取数据库连接对象
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(con.getClass());// JDBC4Connection
//查询学生表全部信息
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt("sid") + "\t" + rs.getString("name") + "\t" + rs.getInt("age") + "\t" + rs.getDate("birthday"));
}
//释放资源
rs.close();
pst.close();
//目前的连接对象close方法,是直接关闭连接,而不是将连接归还池中
con.close();
System.out.println("使用之后连接池数量:" + dataSource.getSize());
}
}
04-连接池-归还连接之继承方式
行不通
05-连接池-归还连接之装饰设计模式
- 装饰设计模式
- 自定义连接类
/*
自定义Connection类。通过装饰设计模式,实现和mysql驱动包中的Connection实现类相同的功能!
实现步骤:
1.定义一个类,实现Connection接口
2.定义Connection连接对象和连接池容器对象的变量
3.提供有参构造方法,接收连接对象和连接池对象,对变量赋值
4.在close()方法中,完成连接的归还
5.剩余方法,只需要调用mysql驱动包的连接对象完成即可
*/
public class MyConnection2 implements Connection {
//2.定义Connection连接对象和连接池容器对象的变量
private Connection con;
private List<Connection> pool;
//3.提供有参构造方法,接收连接对象和连接池对象,对变量赋值
public MyConnection2(Connection con,List<Connection> pool) {
this.con = con;
this.pool = pool;
}
//4.在close()方法中,完成连接的归还
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
pool.add(con);
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
return con.createStatement();
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql);
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareCall(sql);
}
@Override
public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
return con.nativeSQL(sql);
}
@Override
public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {
con.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
}
@Override
public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
return con.getAutoCommit();
}
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
con.commit();
}
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
con.rollback();
}
@Override
public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
return con.isClosed();
}
@Override
public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
return con.getMetaData();
}
@Override
public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {
con.setReadOnly(readOnly);
}
@Override
public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
return con.isReadOnly();
}
@Override
public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {
con.setCatalog(catalog);
}
@Override
public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
return con.getCatalog();
}
@Override
public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {
con.setTransactionIsolation(level);
}
@Override
public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
return con.getTransactionIsolation();
}
@Override
public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
return con.getWarnings();
}
@Override
public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {
con.clearWarnings();
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return con.createStatement(resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency);
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareCall(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency);
}
@Override
public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
return con.getTypeMap();
}
@Override
public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {
con.setTypeMap(map);
}
@Override
public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {
con.setHoldability(holdability);
}
@Override
public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
return con.getHoldability();
}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
return con.setSavepoint();
}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
return con.setSavepoint(name);
}
@Override
public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
con.rollback(savepoint);
}
@Override
public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
con.releaseSavepoint(savepoint);
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return con.createStatement(resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency,resultSetHoldability);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency,resultSetHoldability);
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareCall(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency,resultSetHoldability);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,autoGeneratedKeys);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,columnIndexes);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,columnNames);
}
@Override
public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
return con.createClob();
}
@Override
public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
return con.createBlob();
}
@Override
public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
return con.createNClob();
}
@Override
public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
return con.createSQLXML();
}
@Override
public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
return con.isValid(timeout);
}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {
con.setClientInfo(name,value);
}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {
con.setClientInfo(properties);
}
@Override
public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException {
return con.getClientInfo(name);
}
@Override
public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
return con.getClientInfo();
}
@Override
public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
return con.createArrayOf(typeName,elements);
}
@Override
public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
return con.createStruct(typeName,attributes);
}
@Override
public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {
con.setSchema(schema);
}
@Override
public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
return con.getSchema();
}
@Override
public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {
con.abort(executor);
}
@Override
public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {
con.setNetworkTimeout(executor,milliseconds);
}
@Override
public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
return con.getNetworkTimeout();
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
return con.unwrap(iface);
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return con.isWrapperFor(iface);
}
}
- 自定义连接池类
public class MyDataSource implements DataSource{
//定义集合容器,用于保存多个数据库连接对象
private static List<Connection> pool = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Connection>());
//静态代码块,生成10个数据库连接保存到集合中
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Connection con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
pool.add(con);
}
}
//返回连接池的大小
public int getSize() {
return pool.size();
}
//从池中返回一个数据库连接
@Override
public Connection getConnection() {
if(pool.size() > 0) {
//从池中获取数据库连接
Connection con = pool.remove(0);
//通过自定义连接对象进行包装
MyConnection2 mycon = new MyConnection2(con,pool);
//返回包装后的连接对象
return mycon;
}else {
throw new RuntimeException("连接数量已用尽");
}
}
}
06-连接池-归还连接之适配器设计模式
- 适配器设计模式
- 通过之前MyConnection2连接类我们发现,有很多个需要实现的方法。这个时候我们就可以使用适配器设计模式了。提供一个适配器类,实现Connection接口,将所有功能进行实现(除了close方法)。自定义连接类只需要继承这个适配器类,重写需要改进的close()方法即可!
- 适配器类
/*
适配器抽象类。实现Connection接口。
实现所有的方法,调用mysql驱动包中Connection连接对象的方法
*/
public abstract class MyAdapter implements Connection {
// 定义数据库连接对象的变量
private Connection con;
// 通过构造方法赋值
public MyAdapter(Connection con) {
this.con = con;
}
// 所有的方法,均调用mysql的连接对象实现
@Override
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
return con.createStatement();
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql);
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareCall(sql);
}
@Override
public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
return con.nativeSQL(sql);
}
@Override
public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {
con.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
}
@Override
public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
return con.getAutoCommit();
}
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
con.commit();
}
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
con.rollback();
}
@Override
public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
return con.isClosed();
}
@Override
public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
return con.getMetaData();
}
@Override
public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {
con.setReadOnly(readOnly);
}
@Override
public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
return con.isReadOnly();
}
@Override
public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {
con.setCatalog(catalog);
}
@Override
public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
return con.getCatalog();
}
@Override
public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {
con.setTransactionIsolation(level);
}
@Override
public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
return con.getTransactionIsolation();
}
@Override
public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
return con.getWarnings();
}
@Override
public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {
con.clearWarnings();
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return con.createStatement(resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency);
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareCall(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency);
}
@Override
public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
return con.getTypeMap();
}
@Override
public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {
con.setTypeMap(map);
}
@Override
public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {
con.setHoldability(holdability);
}
@Override
public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
return con.getHoldability();
}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
return con.setSavepoint();
}
@Override
public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
return con.setSavepoint(name);
}
@Override
public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
con.rollback(savepoint);
}
@Override
public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
con.releaseSavepoint(savepoint);
}
@Override
public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return con.createStatement(resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency,resultSetHoldability);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency,resultSetHoldability);
}
@Override
public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareCall(sql,resultSetType,resultSetConcurrency,resultSetHoldability);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,autoGeneratedKeys);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,columnIndexes);
}
@Override
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
return con.prepareStatement(sql,columnNames);
}
@Override
public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
return con.createClob();
}
@Override
public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
return con.createBlob();
}
@Override
public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
return con.createNClob();
}
@Override
public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
return con.createSQLXML();
}
@Override
public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
return con.isValid(timeout);
}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {
con.setClientInfo(name,value);
}
@Override
public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {
con.setClientInfo(properties);
}
@Override
public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException {
return con.getClientInfo(name);
}
@Override
public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
return con.getClientInfo();
}
@Override
public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
return con.createArrayOf(typeName,elements);
}
@Override
public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
return con.createStruct(typeName,attributes);
}
@Override
public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {
con.setSchema(schema);
}
@Override
public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
return con.getSchema();
}
@Override
public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {
con.abort(executor);
}
@Override
public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {
con.setNetworkTimeout(executor,milliseconds);
}
@Override
public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
return con.getNetworkTimeout();
}
@Override
public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
return con.unwrap(iface);
}
@Override
public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
return con.isWrapperFor(iface);
}
}
- 自定义连接类
/*
自定义Connection连接类。通过适配器设计模式。完成close()方法的重写
1.定义一个类,继承适配器父类
2.定义Connection连接对象和连接池容器对象的变量
3.提供有参构造方法,接收连接对象和连接池对象,对变量赋值
4.在close()方法中,完成连接的归还
*/
public class MyConnection3 extends MyAdapter {
//2.定义Connection连接对象和连接池容器对象的变量
private Connection con;
private List<Connection> pool;
//3.提供有参构造方法,接收连接对象和连接池对象,对变量赋值
public MyConnection3(Connection con,List<Connection> pool) {
super(con); // 将接收的数据库连接对象给适配器父类传递
this.con = con;
this.pool = pool;
}
//4.在close()方法中,完成连接的归还
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
pool.add(con);
}
}
- 自定义连接池类
public class MyDataSource implements DataSource{
//定义集合容器,用于保存多个数据库连接对象
private static List<Connection> pool = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Connection>());
//静态代码块,生成10个数据库连接保存到集合中
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Connection con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
pool.add(con);
}
}
//返回连接池的大小
public int getSize() {
return pool.size();
}
//从池中返回一个数据库连接
@Override
public Connection getConnection() {
if(pool.size() > 0) {
//从池中获取数据库连接
Connection con = pool.remove(0);
//通过自定义连接对象进行包装
//MyConnection2 mycon = new MyConnection2(con,pool);
MyConnection3 mycon = new MyConnection3(con,pool);
//返回包装后的连接对象
return mycon;
}else {
throw new RuntimeException("连接数量已用尽");
}
}
}
07-动态代理
- 经过我们适配器模式的改进,自定义连接类中的方法已经很简洁了。剩余所有的方法已经抽取到了适配器类中。但是适配器这个类还是我们自己编写的,也比较麻烦!所以可以使用动态代理的方式来改进。
- 自定义数据库连接池类
public class MyDataSource implements DataSource{
//定义集合容器,用于保存多个数据库连接对象
private static List<Connection> pool = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Connection>());
//静态代码块,生成10个数据库连接保存到集合中
static {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Connection con = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
pool.add(con);
}
}
//返回连接池的大小
public int getSize() {
return pool.size();
}
//动态代理方式
@Override
public Connection getConnection() {
if(pool.size() > 0) {
//从池中获取数据库连接
Connection con = pool.remove(0);
Connection proxyCon = (Connection)Proxy.newProxyInstance(con.getClass().getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Connection.class}, new InvocationHandler() {
/*
执行Connection实现类所有方法都会经过invoke
如果是close方法,则将连接还回池中
如果不是,直接执行实现类的原有方法
*/
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
if(method.getName().equals("close")) {
pool.add(con);
return null;
}else {
return method.invoke(con,args);
}
}
});
return proxyCon;
}else {
throw new RuntimeException("连接数量已用尽");
}
}
//从池中返回一个数据库连接
/*@Override
public Connection getConnection() {
if(pool.size() > 0) {
//从池中获取数据库连接
Connection con = pool.remove(0);
//通过自定义连接对象进行包装
//MyConnection2 mycon = new MyConnection2(con,pool);
MyConnection3 mycon = new MyConnection3(con,pool);
//返回包装后的连接对象
return mycon;
}else {
throw new RuntimeException("连接数量已用尽");
}
}*/
}
08-连接池-归还连接之动态代理方式
09-连接池-C3P0连接池的使用
- C3P0
- 基本使用
/*
使用C3P0连接池
1.导入jar包
2.导入配置文件到src目录下
3.创建c3p0连接池对象
4.获取数据库连接进行使用
*/
public class C3P0Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//创建c3p0连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
//获取数据库连接进行使用
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
//查询全部学生信息
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt("sid") + "\t" + rs.getString("name") + "\t" + rs.getInt("age") + "\t" + rs.getDate("birthday"));
}
//释放资源
rs.close();
pst.close();
con.close(); // 将连接对象归还池中
}
}
- 配置演示
public class C3P0Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//创建c3p0连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
//获取数据库连接进行使用
for(int i = 1; i <= 11; i++) {
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(i + ":" + con);
if(i == 5) {
con.close();
}
}
}
}
11-连接池-Druid连接池的使用
- 基本使用
/*
Druid连接池
1.导入jar包
2.编写配置文件,放在src目录下
3.通过Properties集合加载配置文件
4.通过Druid连接池工厂类获取数据库连接池对象
5.获取数据库连接,进行使用
*/
public class DruidDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//通过Properties集合加载配置文件
InputStream is = DruidDemo1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(is);
//通过Druid连接池工厂类获取数据库连接池对象
DataSource dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
//获取数据库连接,进行使用
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection();
//查询全部学生信息
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
PreparedStatement pst = con.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = pst.executeQuery();
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getInt("sid") + "\t" + rs.getString("name") + "\t" + rs.getInt("age") + "\t" + rs.getDate("birthday"));
}
//释放资源
rs.close();
pst.close();
con.close(); // 将连接对象归还池中
}
}
12-连接池-连接池的工具类
- 抽取工具类
/*
数据库连接池工具类
*/
public class DataSourceUtils {
//1.私有构造方法
private DataSourceUtils(){}
//2.定义DataSource数据源变量
private static DataSource dataSource;
//3.提供静态代码块,完成配置文件的加载和获取连接池对象
static {
try{
//加载配置文件
InputStream is = DruidDemo1.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(is);
//获取数据库连接池对象
dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//4.提供获取数据库连接的方法
public static Connection getConnection() {
Connection con = null;
try {
con = dataSource.getConnection();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return con;
}
//5.提供获取数据库连接池的方法
public static DataSource getDataSource() {
return dataSource;
}
//6.提供释放资源的方法
public static void close(Connection con, Statement stat, ResultSet rs) {
if(con != null) {
try {
con.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(stat != null) {
try {
stat.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(rs != null) {
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void close(Connection con, Statement stat) {
close(con,stat,null);
}
}
14-8 JDBC框架
分析前一天案例中的重复代码
- dao层的重复代码
- 定义必要的信息、获取数据库的连接、释放资源都是重复的代码!
- 而我们最终的核心功能仅仅只是执行一条sql语句
- 所以我们可以抽取出一个JDBC模板类,来封装一些方法(update、query),专门帮我们执行增删改查的sql语句!
- 将之前那些重复的操作,都抽取到模板类中的方法里。就能大大简化我们的使用步骤!