React Hooks 如何获取数据

如果获取列表数据，可能会这么写：

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';

function App() {
  const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchData = async () => {
      const result = await axios(
        'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
      );
      setData(result.data);
    };
    fetchData();
  }, []);

  return (
    <ul>
      {data.hits.map(item => (
        <li key={item.objectID}>
          <a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
        </li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}


export default App;

但是，如果请求参数是input输入的，就需要修改一下：

function App() {
  const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('redux');

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchData = async () => {
      const result = await axios(
        `http://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=${query}`,
      );
      setData(result.data);
    };
    fetchData();
  }, [query]);

  return (
    <Fragment>
      <input
        type="text"
        value={query}
        onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
      />
      <ul>
        {data.hits.map(item => (
          <li key={item.objectID}>
            <a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </Fragment>
  );
}

但这样每次input改变，就要发一次请求，再加个搜索框

function App() {
  const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('redux');
  const [url, setUrl] = useState(
    'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
  );

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchData = async () => {
      const result = await axios(url);
      setData(result.data);
    };
    fetchData();
  }, [url]);

  return (
    <Fragment>
      <input
        type="text"
        value={query}
        onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
      />
      <button
        type="button"
        onClick={() =>
          setUrl(`http://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=${query}`)
        }
      >
        Search
      </button>
      <ul>
        {data.hits.map(item => (
          <li key={item.objectID}>
            <a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </Fragment>
  );
}

最好有个Loading提示

import React, { Fragment, useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';

function App() {
  const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('redux');
  const [url, setUrl] = useState(
    'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
  );
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchData = async () => {
      setIsLoading(true);
      const result = await axios(url);
      setData(result.data);
      setIsLoading(false);
    };


    fetchData();
  }, [url]);

  return (
    <Fragment>
      <input
        type="text"
        value={query}
        onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
      />
      <button
        type="button"
        onClick={() =>
          setUrl(`http://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=${query}`)
        }
      >
        Search
      </button>
      {isLoading ? (
        <div>Loading ...</div>
      ) : (
        <ul>
          {data.hits.map(item => (
            <li key={item.objectID}>
              <a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
            </li>
          ))}
        </ul>
      )}
    </Fragment>
  );
}

export default App;

接口错误，最好有个error提示😂

import React, { Fragment, useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';


function App() {
  const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('redux');
  const [url, setUrl] = useState(
    'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
  );
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false);
  const [isError, setIsError] = useState(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchData = async () => {
      setIsError(false);
      setIsLoading(true);
      try {
        const result = await axios(url);
        setData(result.data);
      } catch (error) {
        setIsError(true);
      }
      setIsLoading(false);
    };
    fetchData();
  }, [url]);

  return (
    <Fragment>
      <input
        type="text"
        value={query}
        onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
      />
      <button
        type="button"
        onClick={() =>
          setUrl(`http://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=${query}`)
        }
      >
        Search
      </button>
      {isError && <div>Something went wrong ...</div>}
      {isLoading ? (
        <div>Loading ...</div>
      ) : (
        <ul>
          {data.hits.map(item => (
            <li key={item.objectID}>
              <a href={item.url}>{item.title}</a>
            </li>
          ))}
        </ul>
      )}
    </Fragment>
  );
}

export default App;

但是这好麻烦，每次都要重复写这么多代码！所以封装一个hook！

const useHackerNewsApi = () => {
  const [data, setData] = useState({ hits: [] });
  const [url, setUrl] = useState(
    'https://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=redux',
  );
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false);
  const [isError, setIsError] = useState(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchData = async () => {
      setIsError(false);
      setIsLoading(true);
      try {
        const result = await axios(url);
        setData(result.data);
      } catch (error) {
        setIsError(true);
      }
      setIsLoading(false);
    };
    fetchData();
  }, [url]);

  return [{ data, isLoading, isError }, setUrl];
}

于是，使用起来方便多了！

function App() {
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('redux');
  const [{ data, isLoading, isError }, doFetch] = useHackerNewsApi();

  return (
    <Fragment>
      <form onSubmit={event => {
        doFetch(`http://hn.algolia.com/api/v1/search?query=${query}`);
        event.preventDefault();
      }}>
        <input
          type="text"
          value={query}
          onChange={event => setQuery(event.target.value)}
        />
        <button type="submit">Search</button>
      </form>
      ...
    </Fragment>
  );
}

但是偶尔会遇到这种错误，如果请求发出去了，然后组件卸载了，然后setData，就报错了。所以用didCancel做标记，看看组件是否卸载了。如果卸载了，就不再setData了。

const useDataApi = (initialUrl, initialData) => {
  const [url, setUrl] = useState(initialUrl);
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(dataFetchReducer, {
    isLoading: false,
    isError: false,
    data: initialData,
  });
  useEffect(() => {
    let didCancel = false;
    const fetchData = async () => {
      dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_INIT' });
      try {
        const result = await axios(url);
        if (!didCancel) {
          dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_SUCCESS', payload: result.data });
        }
      } catch (error) {
        if (!didCancel) {
          dispatch({ type: 'FETCH_FAILURE' });
        }
      }
    };
    fetchData();
    return () => {
      didCancel = true;
    };
  }, [url]);
  return [state, setUrl];
};

这个代码，顺便用useReducer优化了下，可以忽略。这个不重要。

总之，React里用hooks发请求还是挺麻烦的，建议都用hook封装一下。

参考文章 How to fetch data with React Hooks