Go语言上手-基础语言 | 青训营笔记

BXuan_Yang
95 阅读4分钟

这是我参与「第三届青训营 -后端场」笔记创作活动的的第一篇笔记

一、什么是Go语言

  1. 高性能、高并发
  2. 语法简单、学习曲线平缓
  3. 丰富的标准库
  4. 完善的工具链
  5. 静态链接
  6. 快速编译
  7. 跨平台
  8. 垃圾回收

二、基础语法

1、变量

变量的命名：

  1. var 变量名 = 变量值（可以是字符串、整数或者是布尔类型的值等等）
  2. 变量名 := 变量值
  3. const 变量名 = 变量值（常量值）
package main
​
import (
    "fmt"
    "math"
)
​
func main() {
    var a = "initial"
    var b, c int = 1, 2
    var d = true
    var e float64
    
    f := float32(e)
    g := a + "foo"
    
    fmt.Println(a, b, c, d, e, f) // initial 1 2 true 0 0
    fmt.Println(g)                // initialfoo
​
    const s string = "constant"
    const h = 500000000
    const i = 3e20 / h
    fmt.Println(s, h, i, math.Sin(h), math.Sin(i))
    //constant 500000000 6e+11 -0.28470407323754404 0.7591864109375384
}

2、if else

if 判断条件 {

}else {

}

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	if 7%2 == 0 {
		fmt.Println("7 is even")
	} else {
		fmt.Println("7 is odd")
	}

	if 8%4 == 0 {
		fmt.Println("8 is divisible by 4")
	}

	if num := 9; num < 0 {
		fmt.Println(num, "is negative")
	} else if num < 10 {
		fmt.Println(num, "has 1 digit")
	} else {
		fmt.Println(num, "has multiple digits")
	}
}

3、循环for

for 变量初值; 循环判断条件; 循环增减{

}

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	i := 1
	for {
		fmt.Println("loop")
		break
	}
	for j := 7; j < 9; j++ {
		fmt.Println(j)
	}

	for n := 0; n < 5; n++ {
		if n%2 == 0 {
			continue
		}
		fmt.Println(n)
	}
	for i <= 3 {
		fmt.Println(i)
		i = i + 1
	}
}

4、switch

switch 变量{

case 变量值:

case 变量值:

......

default:

}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {

	a := 2
	switch a {
	case 1:
		fmt.Println("one")
	case 2:
		fmt.Println("two")
	case 3:
		fmt.Println("three")
	case 4, 5:
		fmt.Println("four or five")
	default:
		fmt.Println("other")
	}

	t := time.Now()
	switch {
	case t.Hour() < 12:
		fmt.Println("It's before noon")
	default:
		fmt.Println("It's after noon")
	}
}

5、数组

  1. 初始化

    1. var a [6]int
    2. b := [6]int{0,1,2,3,4,5}
    3. var twoD [2] [2]int
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	var a [5]int
	a[4] = 100
	fmt.Println("get:", a[2])
	fmt.Println("len:", len(a))

	b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
	fmt.Println(b)

	var twoD [2][3]int
	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
			twoD[i][j] = i + j
		}
	}
	fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD)//[[0 1 2] [1 2 3]]
}

6、切片

s := make([]string, 3) s[0] = "a" s[1] = "b" s[2] = "c"

c := make([]string, len(s)) copy(c, s)

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	s := make([]string, 3)
	s[0] = "a"
	s[1] = "b"
	s[2] = "c"
	fmt.Println("get:", s[2])   // c
	fmt.Println("len:", len(s)) // 3

	s = append(s, "d")
	s = append(s, "e", "f")
	fmt.Println(s) // [a b c d e f]

	c := make([]string, len(s))
	copy(c, s)
	fmt.Println(c) // [a b c d e f]

	fmt.Println(s[2:5]) // [c d e]
	fmt.Println(s[:5])  // [a b c d e]
	fmt.Println(s[2:])  // [c d e f]

	good := []string{"g", "o", "o", "d"}
	fmt.Println(good) // [g o o d]
}

7、map

m := make(map[string]int) m["one"] = 1 m["two"] = 2 fmt.Println(m) // map[one:1 two:2]

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	m := make(map[string]int)
	m["one"] = 1
	m["two"] = 2
	fmt.Println(m)           // map[one:1 two:2]
	fmt.Println(len(m))      // 2
	fmt.Println(m["one"])    // 1
	fmt.Println(m["unknow"]) // 0

	r, ok := m["unknow"]
	fmt.Println(r, ok) // 0 false

	delete(m, "one")

	m2 := map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2}
	var m3 = map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2}
	fmt.Println(m2, m3)
}

8、range

m := map[string]string{"a": "A", "b": "B"} for k, v := range m { fmt.Println(k, v) // b 8; a A }

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	nums := []int{2, 3, 4}
	sum := 0
	for i, num := range nums {
		sum += num
		if num == 2 {
			fmt.Println("index:", i, "num:", num) // index: 0 num: 2
		}
	}
	fmt.Println(sum) // 9

	m := map[string]string{"a": "A", "b": "B"}
	for k, v := range m {
		fmt.Println(k, v) // b 8; a A
	}
	for k := range m {
		fmt.Println("key", k) // key a; key b
	}
}

9、函数

func add(a int, b int) int { return a + b } func main() { res := add(1, 2) fmt.Println(res) // 3 }

package main

import "fmt"

func add(a int, b int) int {
	return a + b
}

func add2(a, b int) int {
	return a + b
}

func exists(m map[string]string, k string) (v string, ok bool) {
	v, ok = m[k]
	return v, ok
}

func main() {
	res := add(1, 2)
	fmt.Println(res) // 3

	v, ok := exists(map[string]string{"a": "A"}, "a")
	fmt.Println(v, ok) // A True
}

10、指针

package main
​
import "fmt"
​
func add2(n int) {
    n += 2
}
​
func add2ptr(n *int) {
    *n += 2
}
​
func main() {
    n := 5
    add2(n)
    fmt.Println(n) // 5
    add2ptr(&n)
    fmt.Println(n) // 7
}

11、结构体

package main
​
import "fmt"
​
type user struct {
    name     string
    password string
}
​
func main() {
    a := user{name: "wang", password: "1024"}
    b := user{"wang", "1024"}
    c := user{name: "wang"}
    c.password = "1024"
    var d user
    d.name = "wang"
    d.password = "1024"
​
    fmt.Println(a, b, c, d)                 // {wang 1024} {wang 1024} {wang 1024} {wang 1024}
    fmt.Println(checkPassword(a, "haha"))   // false
    fmt.Println(checkPassword2(&a, "haha")) // false
}
​
func checkPassword(u user, password string) bool {
    return u.password == password
}
​
func checkPassword2(u *user, password string) bool {
    return u.password == password
}
​

12、结构体方法

package main
​
import "fmt"
​
type user struct {
    name     string
    password string
}
​
func (u user) checkPassword(password string) bool {
    return u.password == password
}
​
func (u *user) resetPassword(password string) {
    u.password = password
}
​
func main() {
    a := user{name: "wang", password: "1024"}
    a.resetPassword("2048")
    fmt.Println(a.checkPassword("2048")) // true
}

13、错误处理

package main
​
import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
)
​
type user struct {
    name     string
    password string
}
​
func findUser(users []user, name string) (v *user, err error) {
    for _, u := range users {
        if u.name == name {
            return &u, nil
        }
    }
    return nil, errors.New("not found")
}
​
func main() {
    u, err := findUser([]user{{"wang", "1024"}}, "wang")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(u.name) // wang
​
    if u, err := findUser([]user{{"wang", "1024"}}, "li"); err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err) // not found
        return
    } else {
        fmt.Println(u.name)
    }
}
​

14、字符串操作

package main
​
import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)
​
func main() {
    a := "hello"
    fmt.Println(strings.Contains(a, "ll"))                // true
    fmt.Println(strings.Count(a, "l"))                    // 2
    fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix(a, "he"))               // true
    fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix(a, "llo"))              // true
    fmt.Println(strings.Index(a, "ll"))                   // 2
    fmt.Println(strings.Join([]string{"he", "llo"}, "-")) // he-llo
    fmt.Println(strings.Repeat(a, 2))                     // hellohello
    fmt.Println(strings.Replace(a, "e", "E", -1))         // hEllo
    fmt.Println(strings.Split("a-b-c", "-"))              // [a b c]
    fmt.Println(strings.ToLower(a))                       // hello
    fmt.Println(strings.ToUpper(a))                       // HELLO
    fmt.Println(len(a))                                   // 5
    b := "你好"
    fmt.Println(len(b)) // 6
}
​

15、字符串格式化

package main
​
import "fmt"
​
type point struct {
    x, y int
}
​
func main() {
    s := "hello"
    n := 123
    p := point{1, 2}
    fmt.Println(s, n) // hello 123
    fmt.Println(p)    // {1 2}
​
    fmt.Printf("s=%v\n", s)  // s=hello
    fmt.Printf("n=%v\n", n)  // n=123
    fmt.Printf("p=%v\n", p)  // p={1 2}
    fmt.Printf("p=%+v\n", p) // p={x:1 y:2}
    fmt.Printf("p=%#v\n", p) // p=main.point{x:1, y:2}
​
    f := 3.141592653
    fmt.Println(f)          // 3.141592653
    fmt.Printf("%.2f\n", f) // 3.14
}

16、JSON处理

package main
​
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
​
type userInfo struct {
    Name  string
    Age   int `json:"age"`
    Hobby []string
}
​
func main() {
    a := userInfo{Name: "wang", Age: 18, Hobby: []string{"Golang", "TypeScript"}}
    buf, err := json.Marshal(a)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(buf)         // [123 34 78 97...]
    fmt.Println(string(buf)) // {"Name":"wang","age":18,"Hobby":["Golang","TypeScript"]}
​
    buf, err = json.MarshalIndent(a, "", "\t")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(buf))
​
    var b userInfo
    err = json.Unmarshal(buf, &b)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", b) // main.userInfo{Name:"wang", Age:18, Hobby:[]string{"Golang", "TypeScript"}}
}

17、时间处理

package main
​
import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)
​
func main() {
    now := time.Now()
    fmt.Println(now) // 2022-03-27 18:04:59.433297 +0800 CST m=+0.000087933
    t := time.Date(2022, 3, 27, 1, 25, 36, 0, time.UTC)
    t2 := time.Date(2022, 3, 27, 2, 30, 36, 0, time.UTC)
    fmt.Println(t)                                                  // 2022-03-27 01:25:36 +0000 UTC
    fmt.Println(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(), t.Hour(), t.Minute()) // 2022 March 27 1 25
    fmt.Println(t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"))                    // 2022-03-27 01:25:36
    diff := t2.Sub(t)
    fmt.Println(diff)                           // 1h5m0s
    fmt.Println(diff.Minutes(), diff.Seconds()) // 65 3900
    t3, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02 15:04:05", "2022-03-27 01:25:36")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(t3 == t)    // true
    fmt.Println(now.Unix()) // 1648738080
}

18、数字解析

package main
​
import (
    "fmt"
    "strconv"
)
​
func main() {
    f, _ := strconv.ParseFloat("1.234", 64)
    fmt.Println(f) // 1.234
​
    n, _ := strconv.ParseInt("111", 10, 64)
    fmt.Println(n) // 111
​
    n, _ = strconv.ParseInt("0x1000", 0, 64)
    fmt.Println(n) // 4096
​
    n2, _ := strconv.Atoi("123")
    fmt.Println(n2) // 123
​
    n2, err := strconv.Atoi("AAA")
    fmt.Println(n2, err) // 0 strconv.Atoi: parsing "AAA": invalid syntax
}

19、进程信息

package main
​
import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "os/exec"
)
​
func main() {
    // go run example/20-env/main.go a b c d
    fmt.Println(os.Args)           // [/var/folders/8p/n34xxfnx38dg8bv_x8l62t_m0000gn/T/go-build3406981276/b001/exe/main a b c d]
    fmt.Println(os.Getenv("PATH")) // /usr/local/go/bin...
    fmt.Println(os.Setenv("AA", "BB"))
​
    buf, err := exec.Command("grep", "127.0.0.1", "/etc/hosts").CombinedOutput()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(buf)) // 127.0.0.1       localhost
}
​

三、实战

1、猜数迷游戏

  • 原理流程

    • 生成随机数

      • rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) 运用时间戳初始化随机数种子
      • rand.Intn()

    • 读取用户输入

    • 判断逻辑

    • 实现游戏循环

  • 代码示例

package main
​
import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "os"
    "strconv"
    "strings"
    "time"
)
​
func main() {
    maxNum := 100
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
    secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
    // fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)
​
    fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
    reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
    for {
        input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("An error occured while reading input. Please try again", err)
            continue
        }
        input = strings.TrimSuffix(input, "\n")
        input = strings.TrimSuffix(input, "\r")
        guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
            continue
        }
        fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
        if guess > secretNumber {
            fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than the secret number. Please try again")
        } else if guess < secretNumber {
            fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than the secret number. Please try again")
        } else {
            fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
            break
        }
    }
}

2、在线词典

package main
​
import (
    "bytes"
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "os"
)
​
type DictRequest struct {
    TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
    Source    string `json:"source"`
    UserID    string `json:"user_id"`
}
​
type DictResponse struct {
    Rc   int `json:"rc"`
    Wiki struct {
        KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
        Description     struct {
            Source string      `json:"source"`
            Target interface{} `json:"target"`
        } `json:"description"`
        ID   string `json:"id"`
        Item struct {
            Source string `json:"source"`
            Target string `json:"target"`
        } `json:"item"`
        ImageURL  string `json:"image_url"`
        IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
        Sitelink  string `json:"sitelink"`
    } `json:"wiki"`
    Dictionary struct {
        Prons struct {
            EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
            En   string `json:"en"`
        } `json:"prons"`
        Explanations []string      `json:"explanations"`
        Synonym      []string      `json:"synonym"`
        Antonym      []string      `json:"antonym"`
        WqxExample   [][]string    `json:"wqx_example"`
        Entry        string        `json:"entry"`
        Type         string        `json:"type"`
        Related      []interface{} `json:"related"`
        Source       string        `json:"source"`
    } `json:"dictionary"`
}
​
func query(word string) {
    client := &http.Client{}
    request := DictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
    buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
    req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
    req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
    req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
    req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
    req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
    req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
    req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
    req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
    req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
    req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
    req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
    req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
    req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
    req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
    req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
    req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
    req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
    req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
    resp, err := client.Do(req)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
        log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
    }
    var dictResponse DictResponse
    err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &dictResponse)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(word, "UK:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", dictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
    for _, item := range dictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
        fmt.Println(item)
    }
}
​
func main() {
    if len(os.Args) != 2 {
        fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORD
example: simpleDict hello
        `)
        os.Exit(1)
    }
    word := os.Args[1]
    query(word)
}
​

3、SOCKS5代理

  • 原理image-20220511100415529
  • 代码示例
package main
​
import (
    "bufio"
    "context"
    "encoding/binary"
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "log"
    "net"
)
​
const socks5Ver = 0x05
const cmdBind = 0x01
const atypIPV4 = 0x01
const atypeHOST = 0x03
const atypeIPV6 = 0x04
​
func main() {
    server, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:1080")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    for {
        client, err := server.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            log.Printf("Accept failed %v", err)
            continue
        }
        go process(client)
    }
}
​
func process(conn net.Conn) {
    defer conn.Close()
    reader := bufio.NewReader(conn)
    err := auth(reader, conn)
    if err != nil {
        log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
        return
    }
    err = connect(reader, conn)
    if err != nil {
        log.Printf("client %v auth failed:%v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
        return
    }
}
​
func auth(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
    // +----+----------+----------+
    // |VER | NMETHODS | METHODS  |
    // +----+----------+----------+
    // | 1  |    1     | 1 to 255 |
    // +----+----------+----------+
    // VER: 协议版本，socks5为0x05
    // NMETHODS: 支持认证的方法数量
    // METHODS: 对应NMETHODS，NMETHODS的值为多少，METHODS就有多少个字节。RFC预定义了一些值的含义，内容如下:
    // X’00’ NO AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED
    // X’02’ USERNAME/PASSWORD
​
    ver, err := reader.ReadByte()
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("read ver failed:%w", err)
    }
    if ver != socks5Ver {
        return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
    }
    methodSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("read methodSize failed:%w", err)
    }
    method := make([]byte, methodSize)
    _, err = io.ReadFull(reader, method)
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("read method failed:%w", err)
    }
​
    // +----+--------+
    // |VER | METHOD |
    // +----+--------+
    // | 1  |   1    |
    // +----+--------+
    _, err = conn.Write([]byte{socks5Ver, 0x00})
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("write failed:%w", err)
    }
    return nil
}
​
func connect(reader *bufio.Reader, conn net.Conn) (err error) {
    // +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
    // |VER | CMD |  RSV  | ATYP | DST.ADDR | DST.PORT |
    // +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
    // | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
    // +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
    // VER 版本号，socks5的值为0x05
    // CMD 0x01表示CONNECT请求
    // RSV 保留字段，值为0x00
    // ATYP 目标地址类型，DST.ADDR的数据对应这个字段的类型。
    //   0x01表示IPv4地址，DST.ADDR为4个字节
    //   0x03表示域名，DST.ADDR是一个可变长度的域名
    // DST.ADDR 一个可变长度的值
    // DST.PORT 目标端口，固定2个字节
​
    buf := make([]byte, 4)
    _, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("read header failed:%w", err)
    }
    ver, cmd, atyp := buf[0], buf[1], buf[3]
    if ver != socks5Ver {
        return fmt.Errorf("not supported ver:%v", ver)
    }
    if cmd != cmdBind {
        return fmt.Errorf("not supported cmd:%v", ver)
    }
    addr := ""
    switch atyp {
    case atypIPV4:
        _, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
        if err != nil {
            return fmt.Errorf("read atyp failed:%w", err)
        }
        addr = fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d.%d", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3])
    case atypeHOST:
        hostSize, err := reader.ReadByte()
        if err != nil {
            return fmt.Errorf("read hostSize failed:%w", err)
        }
        host := make([]byte, hostSize)
        _, err = io.ReadFull(reader, host)
        if err != nil {
            return fmt.Errorf("read host failed:%w", err)
        }
        addr = string(host)
    case atypeIPV6:
        return errors.New("IPv6: no supported yet")
    default:
        return errors.New("invalid atyp")
    }
    _, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf[:2])
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("read port failed:%w", err)
    }
    port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[:2])
​
    dest, err := net.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", addr, port))
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("dial dst failed:%w", err)
    }
    defer dest.Close()
    log.Println("dial", addr, port)
​
    // +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
    // |VER | REP |  RSV  | ATYP | BND.ADDR | BND.PORT |
    // +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
    // | 1  |  1  | X'00' |  1   | Variable |    2     |
    // +----+-----+-------+------+----------+----------+
    // VER socks版本，这里为0x05
    // REP Relay field,内容取值如下 X’00’ succeeded
    // RSV 保留字段
    // ATYPE 地址类型
    // BND.ADDR 服务绑定的地址
    // BND.PORT 服务绑定的端口DST.PORT
    _, err = conn.Write([]byte{0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0})
    if err != nil {
        return fmt.Errorf("write failed: %w", err)
    }
    ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
    defer cancel()
​
    go func() {
        _, _ = io.Copy(dest, reader)
        cancel()
    }()
    go func() {
        _, _ = io.Copy(conn, dest)
        cancel()
    }()
​
    <-ctx.Done()
    return nil
}
​
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