这是我参与「第三届青训营 -后端场」笔记创作活动的的第1篇笔记。 今天主要学习入手Go语言，了解它和其它语言的相似与区别之处。
什么是Go语言？
高性能、高并发
语法简单
标准库丰富
静态编译，占用空间小
快速编译
跨平台
垃圾回收
有哪些语法特性？
变量与常量声明可以不声明类型，编译器隐式判断
if条件语句不加括号，执行语句必须加大括号
没有while，用for替代
switch的case默认自带break，switch条件语句可以为空
支持切片以及切片操作
range快速遍历索引与值
变量类型后置
使用指针来实现引用传递
定义函数时，函数名前指定结构体等对象可以实现接口功能
字符串支持 ‘+’ 拼接
值相等可以用 ‘=’ 判断
字符串一些操作：
fmt.Println(strings.Contains(a, "ll")) // true
fmt.Println(strings.Count(a, "l")) // 2
fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix(a, "he")) // true
fmt.Println(strings.HasSuffix(a, "llo")) // true
fmt.Println(strings.Index(a, "ll")) // 2
fmt.Println(strings.Join([]string{"he", "llo"}, "-")) // he-llo
fmt.Println(strings.Repeat(a, 2)) // hellohello
fmt.Println(strings.Replace(a, "e", "E", -1)) // hEllo
fmt.Println(strings.Split("a-b-c", "-")) // [a b c]
fmt.Println(strings.ToLower(a)) // hello
fmt.Println(strings.ToUpper(a)) // HELLO
fmt.Println(len(a)) // 5
b := "你好"
fmt.Println(len(b)) // 6
结构体字段大写，即可marshal序列化
实战练习
1.猜数字
首先生成答案
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)
用流的方式读取用户输入
reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("An error occured while reading input. Please try again", err)
return
}
input = strings.TrimSuffix(input, "\r\n")
guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
return
}
fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
循环执行直到猜对为止
maxNum := 100
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
// fmt.Println("The secret number is ", secretNumber)
fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
for {
input, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("An error occured while reading input. Please try again", err)
continue
}
input = strings.TrimSuffix(input, "\r\n")
guess, err := strconv.Atoi(input)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Invalid input. Please enter an integer value")
continue
}
fmt.Println("You guess is", guess)
if guess > secretNumber {
fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than the secret number. Please try again")
} else if guess < secretNumber {
fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than the secret number. Please try again")
} else {
fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
break
}
}
}
使用fmt.scanf
maxNum := 100
rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
secretNumber := rand.Intn(maxNum)
for {
var tmp int
fmt.Println("Please input your guess")
_, err := fmt.Scanf("%d\n", &tmp)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Your guess type must be int")
continue
}
fmt.Println("You guess is", tmp)
if tmp > secretNumber {
fmt.Println("Your guess is bigger than the secret number. Please try again")
} else if tmp < secretNumber {
fmt.Println("Your guess is smaller than the secret number. Please try again")
} else {
fmt.Println("Correct, you Legend!")
break
}
}
}
2.在线词典
生成请求
彩云小译，键入单词并翻译，F12，network, name下拉至dict（内容的request and response）, copy as curl(bash)
json解析response body
copy response 键入oktools.net/json2go
即可快速获得解析格式
3.添加360翻译并实现并行查询
TransType string `json:"trans_type"`
Source string `json:"source"`
UserID string `json:"user_id"`
}
type CaiYunDictResponse struct {
Rc int `json:"rc"`
Wiki struct {
KnownInLaguages int `json:"known_in_laguages"`
Description struct {
Source string `json:"source"`
Target interface{} `json:"target"`
} `json:"description"`
ID string `json:"id"`
Item struct {
Source string `json:"source"`
Target string `json:"target"`
} `json:"item"`
ImageURL string `json:"image_url"`
IsSubject string `json:"is_subject"`
Sitelink string `json:"sitelink"`
} `json:"wiki"`
Dictionary struct {
Prons struct {
EnUs string `json:"en-us"`
En string `json:"en"`
} `json:"prons"`
Explanations []string `json:"explanations"`
Synonym []string `json:"synonym"`
Antonym []string `json:"antonym"`
WqxExample [][]string `json:"wqx_example"`
Entry string `json:"entry"`
Type string `json:"type"`
Related []interface{} `json:"related"`
Source string `json:"source"`
} `json:"dictionary"`
}
func caiyunquery(word string) {
client := &http.Client{}
request := CaiYunDictRequest{TransType: "en2zh", Source: word}
buf, err := json.Marshal(request)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
var data = bytes.NewReader(buf)
req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://api.interpreter.caiyunai.com/v1/dict", data)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
req.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
req.Header.Set("DNT", "1")
req.Header.Set("os-version", "")
req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36")
req.Header.Set("app-name", "xy")
req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8")
req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
req.Header.Set("device-id", "")
req.Header.Set("os-type", "web")
req.Header.Set("X-Authorization", "token:qgemv4jr1y38jyq6vhvi")
req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Site", "cross-site")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
req.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Dest", "empty")
req.Header.Set("Referer", "https://fanyi.caiyunapp.com/")
req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
req.Header.Set("Cookie", "_ym_uid=16456948721020430059; _ym_d=1645694872")
resp, err := client.Do(req)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
}
var caiyundictResponse CaiYunDictResponse
err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &caiyundictResponse)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("彩云翻译如下\n", word, "UK:", caiyundictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.En, "US:", caiyundictResponse.Dictionary.Prons.EnUs)
for _, item := range caiyundictResponse.Dictionary.Explanations {
fmt.Println(item)
}
}
type Response360 struct {
Data struct {
Explain struct {
EnglishExplain []interface{} `json:"english_explain"`
Word string `json:"word"`
Caiyun struct {
Info struct {
Lbsynonym []string `json:"lbsynonym"`
Antonym []interface{} `json:"antonym"`
WordExchange []interface{} `json:"word_exchange"`
} `json:"info"`
} `json:"caiyun"`
RelatedWords []string `json:"related_words"`
WordLevel []string `json:"word_level"`
Exsentence []struct {
Title string `json:"Title"`
Body string `json:"Body"`
URL string `json:"Url"`
} `json:"exsentence"`
Phonetic struct {
NAMING_FAILED string `json:"英"`
} `json:"phonetic"`
WebTranslations []struct {
Translation string `json:"translation"`
Example string `json:"example"`
} `json:"web_translations"`
Translation []string `json:"translation"`
Speech struct {
NAMING_FAILED1 string `json:"美"`
NAMING_FAILED2 string `json:"英"`
} `json:"speech"`
} `json:"explain"`
Fanyi string `json:"fanyi"`
SpeakURL struct {
SpeakURL string `json:"speak_url"`
TSpeakURL string `json:"tSpeak_url"`
WordSpeakURL string `json:"word_speak_url"`
WordType string `json:"word_type"`
} `json:"speak_url"`
Vendor string `json:"vendor"`
} `json:"data"`
Error int `json:"error"`
Msg string `json:"msg"`
}
func fanyi360(word string) {
client := &http.Client{}
req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "https://fanyi.so.com/index/search?eng=1&validate=&ignore_trans=0&query="+word, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
req.Header.Set("authority", "fanyi.so.com")
req.Header.Set("accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
req.Header.Set("accept-language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
req.Header.Set("content-length", "0")
req.Header.Set("cookie", "QiHooGUID=061DB2AD51CA0B9C74FBD6633683AF0A.1651908126936; Q_UDID=338fa512-5926-4aed-54fa-704e44cfb799; __guid=144965027.515417599508593860.1651908126895.3777; count=1; gtHuid=1; __huid=11fYljXccbwDVHd%2BE36DOz0374fDmEqfzRcIySvDW7L9g%3D")
req.Header.Set("origin", "https://fanyi.so.com")
req.Header.Set("pro", "fanyi")
req.Header.Set("referer", "https://fanyi.so.com/")
req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua", `" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="100", "Google Chrome";v="100"`)
req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-mobile", "?0")
req.Header.Set("sec-ch-ua-platform", `"Windows"`)
req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-dest", "empty")
req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-mode", "cors")
req.Header.Set("sec-fetch-site", "same-origin")
req.Header.Set("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36")
resp, err := client.Do(req)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
defer resp.Body.Close()
bodyText, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
if resp.StatusCode != 200 {
log.Fatal("bad StatusCode:", resp.StatusCode, "body", string(bodyText))
}
var response360 Response360
err = json.Unmarshal(bodyText, &response360)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("360翻译如下\n", word, response360.Data.Explain.Translation)
}
func main() {
if len(os.Args) != 2 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, `usage: simpleDict WORD
example: simpleDict hello
`)
os.Exit(1)
}
word := os.Args[1]
var chanmain = make(chan bool)
go func() {
fanyi360(word)
chanmain <- true
}()
go func() {
caiyunquery(word)
chanmain <- true
}()
<-chanmain
<-chanmain
}
