vsync信号和绘制
绘制的起点
绘制的起点可以从activity的makeVisible开始，后面会调用到window的setView，但是这个不是我们今天的重点，我们今天从ViewRootImpl的rquestLayout开始
ViewRootImpl的requestLayout
@Override
public void requestLayout() {
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
这个方法很简单
- 先检查thread，这里会引申出一个问题：子线程能修改ui吗？怎么做呢？答案是可以的，参考这里：绘制和setContentView
- 调用scheduleTraversals方法
scheduleTraversals方法
@UnsupportedAppUsage
void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
mChoreographer.postCallback(Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
}
}
这个方法里有几个点
- .postSyncBarrier()设置消息屏障，待会儿看看消息屏障是在哪里移除的，再看看异步消息都有哪些
- 重点看line6，postCallback这个，看看这里做了啥 一路追踪，调用到了postCallbackDelayedInternal
postCallbackDelayedInternal看这个方法
private void postCallbackDelayedInternal(int callbackType,
Object action, Object token, long delayMillis) {
if (DEBUG_FRAMES) {
Log.d(TAG, "PostCallback: type=" + callbackType
+ ", action=" + action + ", token=" + token
+ ", delayMillis=" + delayMillis);
}
synchronized (mLock) {
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final long dueTime = now + delayMillis;
mCallbackQueues[callbackType].addCallbackLocked(dueTime, action, token);
if (dueTime <= now) {
scheduleFrameLocked(now);
} else {
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_DO_SCHEDULE_CALLBACK, action);
msg.arg1 = callbackType;
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, dueTime);
}
}
}
因为传过来的delayMillis是0，所以走到scheduleFrameLocked 看scheduleFrameLocked
private void scheduleFrameLocked(long now) {
if (!mFrameScheduled) {
mFrameScheduled = true;
if (USE_VSYNC) {
if (DEBUG_FRAMES) {
Log.d(TAG, "Scheduling next frame on vsync.");
}
// If running on the Looper thread, then schedule the vsync immediately,
// otherwise post a message to schedule the vsync from the UI thread
// as soon as possible.
if (isRunningOnLooperThreadLocked()) {
scheduleVsyncLocked();
} else {
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_DO_SCHEDULE_VSYNC);
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
mHandler.sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(msg);
}
} else {
final long nextFrameTime = Math.max(
mLastFrameTimeNanos / TimeUtils.NANOS_PER_MS + sFrameDelay, now);
if (DEBUG_FRAMES) {
Log.d(TAG, "Scheduling next frame in " + (nextFrameTime - now) + " ms.");
}
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_DO_FRAME);
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, nextFrameTime);
}
}
}
USE_VSYNC是true的，所以直接看上面部分 判断是否哎LooperThread里，如果是直接请求vsync信号，否则通过handler发送消息请求vsync信号。我们可以两个方法都看一下 scheduleVsyncLocked
//Choreographer.java类里
private void scheduleVsyncLocked() {
mDisplayEventReceiver.scheduleVsync();
}
//DisplayEventReceiver.java
/**
* Schedules a single vertical sync pulse to be delivered when the next
* display frame begins.
*/
@UnsupportedAppUsage
public void scheduleVsync() {
if (mReceiverPtr == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "Attempted to schedule a vertical sync pulse but the display event "
+ "receiver has already been disposed.");
} else {
nativeScheduleVsync(mReceiverPtr);
}
}
//最后调用到一个native方法
@FastNative
private static native void nativeScheduleVsync(long receiverPtr);
看一下DisplayEventReceiver这个类的注释
/**
* Provides a low-level mechanism for an application to receive display events
* such as vertical sync.
*
* The display event receive is NOT thread safe. Moreover, its methods must only
* be called on the Looper thread to which it is attached.
*
* @hide
*/
public abstract class DisplayEventReceiver {
这里其实也说的比较明白： 为应用程序提供接收显示事件（例如垂直同步）的低级机制。 显示事件接收不是线程安全的。 此外，它的方法只能在它所连接的 Looper 线程上调用。 其实他就是一个可以请求vsync信号的方法，请求了vsync信号之后，当vsync信号来了之后，他的回调方法会被调用 看一下他在ViewRootImpl里的子类
private final class FrameDisplayEventReceiver extends DisplayEventReceiver
implements Runnable {
private boolean mHavePendingVsync;
private long mTimestampNanos;
private int mFrame;
public FrameDisplayEventReceiver(Looper looper, int vsyncSource) {
super(looper, vsyncSource, CONFIG_CHANGED_EVENT_SUPPRESS);
}
// TODO(b/116025192): physicalDisplayId is ignored because SF only emits VSYNC events for
// the internal display and DisplayEventReceiver#scheduleVsync only allows requesting VSYNC
// for the internal display implicitly.
@Override
public void onVsync(long timestampNanos, long physicalDisplayId, int frame) {
// Post the vsync event to the Handler.
// The idea is to prevent incoming vsync events from completely starving
// the message queue. If there are no messages in the queue with timestamps
// earlier than the frame time, then the vsync event will be processed immediately.
// Otherwise, messages that predate the vsync event will be handled first.
long now = System.nanoTime();
if (timestampNanos > now) {
Log.w(TAG, "Frame time is " + ((timestampNanos - now) * 0.000001f)
+ " ms in the future! Check that graphics HAL is generating vsync "
+ "timestamps using the correct timebase.");
timestampNanos = now;
}
if (mHavePendingVsync) {
Log.w(TAG, "Already have a pending vsync event. There should only be "
+ "one at a time.");
} else {
mHavePendingVsync = true;
}
mTimestampNanos = timestampNanos;
mFrame = frame;
Message msg = Message.obtain(mHandler, this);
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, timestampNanos / TimeUtils.NANOS_PER_MS);
}
@Override
public void run() {
mHavePendingVsync = false;
doFrame(mTimestampNanos, mFrame);
}
}
其实就是当我们请求了vsync信号之后，vsync信号来了之后，会调用到onVsync这个方法。 在onVsync这个方法里会发送一个异步消息，执行doFrame方法，看看doFrame方法。
@UnsupportedAppUsage
void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos, int frame) {
final long startNanos;
synchronized (mLock) {
if (!mFrameScheduled) {
return; // no work to do
}
if (DEBUG_JANK && mDebugPrintNextFrameTimeDelta) {
mDebugPrintNextFrameTimeDelta = false;
Log.d(TAG, "Frame time delta: "
+ ((frameTimeNanos - mLastFrameTimeNanos) * 0.000001f) + " ms");
}
long intendedFrameTimeNanos = frameTimeNanos;
startNanos = System.nanoTime();
final long jitterNanos = startNanos - frameTimeNanos;
if (jitterNanos >= mFrameIntervalNanos) {
final long skippedFrames = jitterNanos / mFrameIntervalNanos;
if (skippedFrames >= SKIPPED_FRAME_WARNING_LIMIT) {
Log.i(TAG, "Skipped " + skippedFrames + " frames! "
+ "The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.");
}
final long lastFrameOffset = jitterNanos % mFrameIntervalNanos;
if (DEBUG_JANK) {
Log.d(TAG, "Missed vsync by " + (jitterNanos * 0.000001f) + " ms "
+ "which is more than the frame interval of "
+ (mFrameIntervalNanos * 0.000001f) + " ms! "
+ "Skipping " + skippedFrames + " frames and setting frame "
+ "time to " + (lastFrameOffset * 0.000001f) + " ms in the past.");
}
frameTimeNanos = startNanos - lastFrameOffset;
}
if (frameTimeNanos < mLastFrameTimeNanos) {
if (DEBUG_JANK) {
Log.d(TAG, "Frame time appears to be going backwards. May be due to a "
+ "previously skipped frame. Waiting for next vsync.");
}
scheduleVsyncLocked();
return;
}
if (mFPSDivisor > 1) {
long timeSinceVsync = frameTimeNanos - mLastFrameTimeNanos;
if (timeSinceVsync < (mFrameIntervalNanos * mFPSDivisor) && timeSinceVsync > 0) {
scheduleVsyncLocked();
return;
}
}
mFrameInfo.setVsync(intendedFrameTimeNanos, frameTimeNanos);
mFrameScheduled = false;
mLastFrameTimeNanos = frameTimeNanos;
}
try {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "Choreographer#doFrame");
AnimationUtils.lockAnimationClock(frameTimeNanos / TimeUtils.NANOS_PER_MS);
//其实最主要的就是这些doCallbacks方法
mFrameInfo.markInputHandlingStart();
doCallbacks(Choreographer.CALLBACK_INPUT, frameTimeNanos);
mFrameInfo.markAnimationsStart();
doCallbacks(Choreographer.CALLBACK_ANIMATION, frameTimeNanos);
doCallbacks(Choreographer.CALLBACK_INSETS_ANIMATION, frameTimeNanos);
mFrameInfo.markPerformTraversalsStart();
doCallbacks(Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, frameTimeNanos);
doCallbacks(Choreographer.CALLBACK_COMMIT, frameTimeNanos);
} finally {
AnimationUtils.unlockAnimationClock();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
if (DEBUG_FRAMES) {
final long endNanos = System.nanoTime();
Log.d(TAG, "Frame " + frame + ": Finished, took "
+ (endNanos - startNanos) * 0.000001f + " ms, latency "
+ (startNanos - frameTimeNanos) * 0.000001f + " ms.");
}
}
doFrame方法挺长，其实就是执行前面在请求vsync的时候存起来的那些runnable。也就是通过doCallback来执行。
scheduleTraversals的时候： mChoreographer.postCallback(Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
调用的type是CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL 这个type，看看doCallbacks方法
void doCallbacks(int callbackType, long frameTimeNanos) {
CallbackRecord callbacks;
synchronized (mLock) {
// We use "now" to determine when callbacks become due because it's possible
// for earlier processing phases in a frame to post callbacks that should run
// in a following phase, such as an input event that causes an animation to start.
final long now = System.nanoTime();
//这里还没到期的callback移除
callbacks = mCallbackQueues[callbackType].extractDueCallbacksLocked(
now / TimeUtils.NANOS_PER_MS);
if (callbacks == null) {
return;
}
mCallbacksRunning = true;
// Update the frame time if necessary when committing the frame.
// We only update the frame time if we are more than 2 frames late reaching
// the commit phase. This ensures that the frame time which is observed by the
// callbacks will always increase from one frame to the next and never repeat.
// We never want the next frame's starting frame time to end up being less than
// or equal to the previous frame's commit frame time. Keep in mind that the
// next frame has most likely already been scheduled by now so we play it
// safe by ensuring the commit time is always at least one frame behind.
if (callbackType == Choreographer.CALLBACK_COMMIT) {
final long jitterNanos = now - frameTimeNanos;
Trace.traceCounter(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "jitterNanos", (int) jitterNanos);
if (jitterNanos >= 2 * mFrameIntervalNanos) {
final long lastFrameOffset = jitterNanos % mFrameIntervalNanos
+ mFrameIntervalNanos;
if (DEBUG_JANK) {
Log.d(TAG, "Commit callback delayed by " + (jitterNanos * 0.000001f)
+ " ms which is more than twice the frame interval of "
+ (mFrameIntervalNanos * 0.000001f) + " ms! "
+ "Setting frame time to " + (lastFrameOffset * 0.000001f)
+ " ms in the past.");
mDebugPrintNextFrameTimeDelta = true;
}
frameTimeNanos = now - lastFrameOffset;
mLastFrameTimeNanos = frameTimeNanos;
}
}
}
try {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, CALLBACK_TRACE_TITLES[callbackType]);
//这里开始执行callback
for (CallbackRecord c = callbacks; c != null; c = c.next) {
if (DEBUG_FRAMES) {
Log.d(TAG, "RunCallback: type=" + callbackType
+ ", action=" + c.action + ", token=" + c.token
+ ", latencyMillis=" + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - c.dueTime));
}
//调用run
c.run(frameTimeNanos);
}
} finally {
synchronized (mLock) {
mCallbacksRunning = false;
do {
final CallbackRecord next = callbacks.next;
recycleCallbackLocked(callbacks);
callbacks = next;
} while (callbacks != null);
}
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
}
这里就是先拿出对应type的callback，然后在链条上过滤出已经到期的。然后在for循环中执行对应的run方法。 那我们看看我们之前在scheduleTraversal的时候的run方法要干啥。
final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
doTraversal();
}
}
void doTraversal() {
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = false;
mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
if (mProfile) {
Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
}
performTraversals();
if (mProfile) {
Debug.stopMethodTracing();
mProfile = false;
}
}
}
首先移除了消息屏障，然后在执行performTraversals方法
这个方法太长了，我就不贴了，有700+行，其实他里面就是执行那三大流程 performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); performLayout(lp, mWidth, mHeight); performDraw()
总结：
从在ViewRootImpl的requestLayout方法开始绘制流程
- 检查线程，是不是创建线程修改UI，涉及到子线程能不能修改UI的问题
- 调用scheduleTraversals，设置消息屏障，然后通过choreographer请求vsync信号
- vsync信号通过FrameDisplayEventReceiver的onVsync方法回调回来
- 回调方法执行Choreographer的doFrame，执行刚刚schedule的runnable
- 这个runnable调用的是ViewRootImpl里的doTraversal方法，在这个方法里，先移除消息屏障，然后再调用performTraversals，这个performTraversals里就执行了三大流程，perfromeMeasure，performLayout，performDraw。
