一、通过配置文件开发

1、绑定DispatcherServlet

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>MVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springMVC-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>MVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

2、配置适配器、视图解析器、映射器

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <!--前缀-->
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <!--后缀-->
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

3、编写Controller类

public class HelloController implements Controller {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

4、配置Controller类

<bean id="/hello" class="Controller.HelloController"></bean>

二、通过注解开发

1、配置扫描路径

<context:component-scan base-package="Controller"></context:component-scan>

2、利用Controller和RequestMapping注解进行Controller类开发

@Controller
public class HelloController{

   @RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
    public ModelAndView index(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC");
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

3、利用注解开发整体流程介绍

浏览器发送请求，若请求地址符合前端控制器中的url-pattern，该请求就会被前端控制器DispatcherServlet处理，前端控制器会读取SpringMVC的核心配置文件，通过扫描组件找到控制器，将请求地址和控制器中@RequestMapping注解的value属性进行匹配，若匹配成功，则进入该控制器方法，然后将结果返回视图解析器。