登录服务器
ssh ubuntu@1.2.3.4 # 替换的你的主机ip
ssh deploy@1.2.3.4
增加deploy用户
adduser deploy
adduser deploy
sudomkdir /homde/deploy/certs # 后面放ssl证书exit
Mac客户端使用ssh-copy-id快速登录
brew install ssh-copy-idssh-copy-id deploy@1.2.3.4 # 替换的你的主机ip
安装必要的环境依赖
# Adding Node.js repositorycurl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_12.x | sudo -E bash -# Adding Yarn repositorycurl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.listsudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/redis-server# Refresh our packages list with the new repositoriessudo apt-get update# Install our dependencies for compiiling Ruby along with Node.js and Yarnsudo apt-get install git-core curl zlib1g-dev build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev software-properties-common libffi-dev dirmngr gnupg apt-transport-https ca-certificates redis-server redis-tools nodejs yarn
安装Ruby
git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenvecho 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrcecho 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrcgit clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-buildecho 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrcgit clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-vars.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/rbenv-varsexec $SHELLrbenv install 2.7.3rbenv global 2.7.3ruby -v# ruby 2.7.3
安装bundler并配置代理
gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/# This installs the latest Bundler, currently 2.x.gem install bundler# For older apps that require Bundler 1.x, you can install it as well.gem install bundler -v 1.17.3# Test and make sure bundler is installed correctly, you should see a version number.bundle -v# Bundler version 2.0bundle config mirror.https://rubygems.org https://gems.ruby-china.com
# 如果bundle not found
rbenv rehash
Installing NGINX & Passenger
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 561F9B9CAC40B2F7sudo sh -c 'echo deb https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger focal main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/passenger.list'sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install -y nginx-extras libnginx-mod-http-passengerif [ ! -f /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-passenger.conf ]; then sudo ln -s /usr/share/nginx/modules-available/mod-http-passenger.load /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/50-mod-http-passenger.conf ; fisudo ls /etc/nginx/conf.d/mod-http-passenger.conf
change the passenger_ruby
sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/mod-http-passenger.confpassenger_ruby /home/deploy/.rbenv/shims/ruby;
启动Nginx
sudo service nginx start
配置Nginx(后面所有步骤的myapp请根据情况更改)
sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/myapp
server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name www.rubyc.cn; root /home/deploy/myapp/current/public; passenger_enabled on; passenger_app_env production; location /cable { passenger_app_group_name myapp_websocket; passenger_force_max_concurrent_requests_per_process 0; } # Allow uploads up to 100MB in size client_max_body_size 100m; location ~ ^/(assets|packs) { expires max; gzip_static on; }}
重启Nginx
sudo service nginx reloadsudo service nginx start
查看Nginx是否启动
passenger-status # 如无报错则说明正常运行
安装PostgreSQL Database
sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-devsudo su - postgrescreateuser --pwprompt deploy# Qq759337828pgsql..createdb -O deploy myappexitYou can manually connect to your database anytime by running psql -U deploy -W -h 127.0.0.1 -d myapp. Make sure to use 127.0.0.1 when connecting to the database instead of localhost.
安装 MySQL Database（把下面的password替换成你想设置的密码，后面步骤要用到）
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient-devsudo mysql_secure_installation# Open the MySQL CLI to create the user and databasemysql -u root -pCREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS myapp;CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'deploy'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'deploy'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myapp.* TO 'deploy'@'localhost';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myapp.* TO 'deploy'@'%';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;\q
如果你的项目使用mysql或pg，请确保你的Gemfile文件中有相关gem(根据需要添加或者删除)
gem "pg", "~> 1.1"gem "mysql2"
配置database连接信息，以MySQL为例(如果是pg应该不需要修改代码，因为默认生成的是pg配置信息)
# config/database.ymldefault: &default adapter: mysql2 encoding: utf8 pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %> username: root password: socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
把本地项目推到你的代码管理仓库(已推送请忽略)
把服务器的id_rsa.pub添加到你代码仓库的delopy key中
# 服务器运行ssh-keygen -t rsa # 一直按Enter键即可cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # 把这个打印出的秘文添加到代码仓库的delopy key中
本地项目安装Setting Up Capistrano
gem 'capistrano', '~> 3.11'gem 'capistrano-rails', '~> 1.4'gem 'capistrano-passenger', '~> 0.2.0'gem 'capistrano-rbenv', '~> 2.1', '>= 2.1.4'bundlecap install STAGES=production# Capfilerequire 'capistrano/rails'require 'capistrano/passenger'require 'capistrano/rbenv'set :rbenv_type, :userset :rbenv_ruby, '3.1.1'# config/deploy.rb# config valid for current version and patch releases of Capistranolock "~> 3.17.0"set :application, "myapp"set :repo_url, "your_repo_url"# Default branch is :master# ask :branch, `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`.chomp# Default deploy_to directory is /var/www/my_app_nameset :deploy_to, "/home/deploy/#{fetch :application}"# Default value for :format is :airbrussh.# set :format, :airbrussh# You can configure the Airbrussh format using :format_options.# These are the defaults.# set :format_options, command_output: true, log_file: "log/capistrano.log", color: :auto, truncate: :auto# Default value for :pty is false# set :pty, true# Default value for :linked_files is []append :linked_files, "config/database.yml", 'config/master.key'# Default value for linked_dirs is []append :linked_dirs, "log", "tmp/pids", "tmp/cache", "tmp/sockets",'vendor/bundle', "tmp/webpacker",'.bundle', "public/system", "vendor", "storage", 'public/uploads'# Default value for default_env is {}# set :default_env, { path: "/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH" }# Default value for local_user is ENV['USER']# set :local_user, -> { `git config user.name`.chomp }# Default value for keep_releases is 5set :keep_releases, 5# Uncomment the following to require manually verifying the host key before first deploy.# set :ssh_options, verify_host_key: :secure================================================
服务器主机配置相关参数(请将👇的相关信息按照你主机的信息填写)
sudo vim /home/deploy/myapp/.rbenv-vars
# For PostgresDATABASE_URL=postgresql://deploy:PASSWORD@127.0.0.1/myapp# For MySQLDATABASE_URL=mysql2://deploy:Password@localhost/myappRAILS_MASTER_KEY=xxx(下个步骤生成)SECRET_KEY_BASE=yyyy(下个步骤生成)# etc...
项目生成master.key
EDITOR="vim" rails credentials:editsecret_key_base: de99780361eb9ddc18262d723a18ba038ad44703fca4b34936b16a90ef8c7a53cb9d04d41e9788fc9d5431b1e1a45a754ec448c46ab7e9d55f0c15e15a32d2f6# 把这的秘钥替换到yyyy# 查看master.keycat master.key# 把结果替换上面的xxx
项目启用master.key
# config/environments/production.rb
config.require_master_key = true
检查cap
cap production deploy:check # 如有报错请根据提示修改
部署
cap production deploy # 如有报错请根据提示修改
大功告成
配置SSL（HTTPS）
先把你的ssl证书上传到服务器的/home/deploy/目录下
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/myappserver { listen 443 ssl; server_name your_domain; ssl_certificate your_domain.crt; ssl_certificate_key your_domain.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!NULL:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!RC4; ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; root /home/deploy/myapp/current/public; passenger_enabled on; passenger_app_env production; location /cable { passenger_app_group_name myapp_websocket; passenger_force_max_concurrent_requests_per_process 0; } # Allow uploads up to 100MB in size client_max_body_size 100m; location ~ ^/(assets|packs) { expires max; gzip_static on; }}server { listen 80; #填写绑定证书的域名 server_name your_domain; #把http的域名请求转成https return 301 https://$host$request_uri; }
可能遇到的问题（修改项目文件后及时提交到git）
-
Error: The application encountered the following error: You have already activated strscan 1.0.3, but your Gemfile requires strscan 3.0.1. Since strscan is a default gem, you can either remove your dependency on it or try updating to a newer version of bundler that supports strscan as a default gem. (Gem::LoadError)
解决办法:
# Gemfile.lock 找到strscan的3.0.1改成1.0.3,改完要及时提交到gitstrscan (3.0.1)改成下面的strscan (1.0.3) -
访问项目时报错
sudo cat /var/log/nginx/error.log # 看一下报错原因，根据报错原因修改 -
Error: The application encountered the following error
可能的原因
3.1 你没启动nginx
sudo service nginx start
