AVIOContext是FFMPEG管理输入输出数据的结构体。本文将会详细分析一下该结构体里每个变量的含义和作用。
首先看一下结构体的定义（位于avio.h）：
/**
* Bytestream IO Context.
* New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
* Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
* version bump.
* sizeof(AVIOContext) must not be used outside libav*.
*
* @note None of the function pointers in AVIOContext should be called
* directly, they should only be set by the client application
* when implementing custom I/O. Normally these are set to the
* function pointers specified in avio_alloc_context()
*/
typedef struct AVIOContext {
/**
* A class for private options.
*
* If this AVIOContext is created by avio_open2(), av_class is set and
* passes the options down to protocols.
*
* If this AVIOContext is manually allocated, then av_class may be set by
* the caller.
*
* warning -- this field can be NULL, be sure to not pass this AVIOContext
* to any av_opt_* functions in that case.
*/
const AVClass *av_class;
/*
* The following shows the relationship between buffer, buf_ptr,
* buf_ptr_max, buf_end, buf_size, and pos, when reading and when writing
* (since AVIOContext is used for both):
*
**********************************************************************************
* READING
**********************************************************************************
*
* | buffer_size |
* |---------------------------------------|
* | |
*
* buffer buf_ptr buf_end
* +---------------+-----------------------+
* |/ / / / / / / /|/ / / / / / /| |
* read buffer: |/ / consumed / | to be read /| |
* |/ / / / / / / /|/ / / / / / /| |
* +---------------+-----------------------+
*
* pos
* +-------------------------------------------+-----------------+
* input file: | | |
* +-------------------------------------------+-----------------+
*
*
**********************************************************************************
* WRITING
**********************************************************************************
*
* | buffer_size |
* |--------------------------------------|
* | |
*
* buf_ptr_max
* buffer (buf_ptr) buf_end
* +-----------------------+--------------+
* |/ / / / / / / / / / / /| |
* write buffer: | / / to be flushed / / | |
* |/ / / / / / / / / / / /| |
* +-----------------------+--------------+
* buf_ptr can be in this
* due to a backward seek
*
* pos
* +-------------+----------------------------------------------+
* output file: | | |
* +-------------+----------------------------------------------+
*
*/
unsigned char *buffer; /**< Start of the buffer. */
int buffer_size; /**< Maximum buffer size */
unsigned char *buf_ptr; /**< Current position in the buffer */
unsigned char *buf_end; /**< End of the data, may be less than
buffer+buffer_size if the read function returned
less data than requested, e.g. for streams where
no more data has been received yet. */
void *opaque; /**< A private pointer, passed to the read/write/seek/...
functions. */
int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence);
int64_t pos; /**< position in the file of the current buffer */
int eof_reached; /**< true if was unable to read due to error or eof */
int write_flag; /**< true if open for writing */
int max_packet_size;
unsigned long checksum;
unsigned char *checksum_ptr;
unsigned long (*update_checksum)(unsigned long checksum, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int size);
int error; /**< contains the error code or 0 if no error happened */
/**
* Pause or resume playback for network streaming protocols - e.g. MMS.
*/
int (*read_pause)(void *opaque, int pause);
/**
* Seek to a given timestamp in stream with the specified stream_index.
* Needed for some network streaming protocols which don't support seeking
* to byte position.
*/
int64_t (*read_seek)(void *opaque, int stream_index,
int64_t timestamp, int flags);
/**
* A combination of AVIO_SEEKABLE_ flags or 0 when the stream is not seekable.
*/
int seekable;
/**
* max filesize, used to limit allocations
* This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
*/
int64_t maxsize;
/**
* avio_read and avio_write should if possible be satisfied directly
* instead of going through a buffer, and avio_seek will always
* call the underlying seek function directly.
*/
int direct;
/**
* Bytes read statistic
* This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
*/
int64_t bytes_read;
/**
* seek statistic
* This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
*/
int seek_count;
/**
* writeout statistic
* This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
*/
int writeout_count;
/**
* Original buffer size
* used internally after probing and ensure seekback to reset the buffer size
* This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
*/
int orig_buffer_size;
/**
* Threshold to favor readahead over seek.
* This is current internal only, do not use from outside.
*/
int short_seek_threshold;
/**
* ',' separated list of allowed protocols.
*/
const char *protocol_whitelist;
/**
* ',' separated list of disallowed protocols.
*/
const char *protocol_blacklist;
/**
* A callback that is used instead of write_packet.
*/
int (*write_data_type)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
enum AVIODataMarkerType type, int64_t time);
/**
* If set, don't call write_data_type separately for AVIO_DATA_MARKER_BOUNDARY_POINT,
* but ignore them and treat them as AVIO_DATA_MARKER_UNKNOWN (to avoid needlessly
* small chunks of data returned from the callback).
*/
int ignore_boundary_point;
/**
* Internal, not meant to be used from outside of AVIOContext.
*/
enum AVIODataMarkerType current_type;
int64_t last_time;
/**
* A callback that is used instead of short_seek_threshold.
* This is current internal only, do not use from outside.
*/
int (*short_seek_get)(void *opaque);
int64_t written;
/**
* Maximum reached position before a backward seek in the write buffer,
* used keeping track of already written data for a later flush.
*/
unsigned char *buf_ptr_max;
/**
* Try to buffer at least this amount of data before flushing it
*/
int min_packet_size;
} AVIOContext;
AVIOContext中有以下几个变量比较重要：
unsigned char *buffer//缓存开始位置
int buffer_size//缓存大小（默认32768）
unsigned char *buf_ptr//当前指针读取到的位置
unsigned char *buf_end//缓存结束的位置
void *opaque//URLContext结构体
在解码的情况下，buffer用于存储ffmpeg读入的数据。例如打开一个视频文件的时候，先把数据从硬盘读入buffer，然后在送给解码器用于解码。
其中opaque指向了URLContext。定义如下所示（位于url.h）：
typedef struct URLContext {
const AVClass *av_class; /**< information for av_log(). Set by url_open(). */
const struct URLProtocol *prot;
void *priv_data;
char *filename; /**< specified URL */
int flags;
int max_packet_size; /**< if non zero, the stream is packetized with this max packet size */
int is_streamed; /**< true if streamed (no seek possible), default = false */
int is_connected;
AVIOInterruptCB interrupt_callback;
int64_t rw_timeout; /**< maximum time to wait for (network) read/write operation completion, in mcs */
const char *protocol_whitelist;
const char *protocol_blacklist;
int min_packet_size; /**< if non zero, the stream is packetized with this min packet size */
} URLContext;
URLContext结构体中还有一个结构体URLProtocol。注：每种协议（rtp，rtmp，file等）对应一个URLProtocol。定义如下所示（位于url.h）：
typedef struct URLProtocol {
const char *name;
int (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags);
/**
* This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
* protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect()
* for those nested protocols.
*/
int (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options);
int (*url_accept)(URLContext *s, URLContext **c);
int (*url_handshake)(URLContext *c);
/**
* Read data from the protocol.
* If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
* reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
* Otherwise:
* In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
* In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
* and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
* Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
* enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
* retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
*/
int (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size);
int (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size);
int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence);
int (*url_close)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause);
int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index,
int64_t timestamp, int flags);
int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles,
int *numhandles);
int (*url_get_short_seek)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags);
int priv_data_size;
const AVClass *priv_data_class;
int flags;
int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask);
int (*url_open_dir)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_read_dir)(URLContext *h, AVIODirEntry **next);
int (*url_close_dir)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_delete)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_move)(URLContext *h_src, URLContext *h_dst);
const char *default_whitelist;
} URLProtocol;
在这个结构体中，除了一些回调函数接口之外，有一个变量const char *name，该变量存储了协议的名称。每一种输入协议都对应这样一个结构体。
比如说，文件协议中代码如下（file.c）：
const URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = {
.name = "file",
.url_open = file_open,
.url_read = file_read,
.url_write = file_write,
.url_seek = file_seek,
.url_close = file_close,
.url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle,
.url_check = file_check,
.url_delete = file_delete,
.url_move = file_move,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(FileContext),
.priv_data_class = &file_class,
.url_open_dir = file_open_dir,
.url_read_dir = file_read_dir,
.url_close_dir = file_close_dir,
.default_whitelist = "file,crypto"
};
libRTMP中代码如下（libRTMP.c）：
RTMP_CLASS(rtmp)
const URLProtocol ff_librtmp_protocol = {
.name = "rtmp",
.url_open = rtmp_open,
.url_read = rtmp_read,
.url_write = rtmp_write,
.url_close = rtmp_close,
.url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause,
.url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek,
.url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
.priv_data_class = &librtmp_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
udp协议代码如下（udp.c）：
const URLProtocol ff_udp_protocol = {
.name = "udp",
.url_open = udp_open,
.url_read = udp_read,
.url_write = udp_write,
.url_close = udp_close,
.url_get_file_handle = udp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(UDPContext),
.priv_data_class = &udp_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
等号右边的函数是完成具体读写功能的函数。可以看一下file协议的几个函数（其实就是读文件，写文件这样的操作）（file.c）：
static int file_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int ret;
size = FFMIN(size, c->blocksize);
ret = read(c->fd, buf, size);
if (ret == 0 && c->follow)
return AVERROR(EAGAIN);
if (ret == 0)
return AVERROR_EOF;
return (ret == -1) ? AVERROR(errno) : ret;
}
static int file_write(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int ret;
size = FFMIN(size, c->blocksize);
ret = write(c->fd, buf, size);
return (ret == -1) ? AVERROR(errno) : ret;
}
static int file_get_handle(URLContext *h)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
return c->fd;
}
static int file_check(URLContext *h, int mask)
{
int ret = 0;
const char *filename = h->filename;
av_strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);
{
#if HAVE_ACCESS && defined(R_OK)
if (access(filename, F_OK) < 0)
return AVERROR(errno);
if (mask&AVIO_FLAG_READ)
if (access(filename, R_OK) >= 0)
ret |= AVIO_FLAG_READ;
if (mask&AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)
if (access(filename, W_OK) >= 0)
ret |= AVIO_FLAG_WRITE;
#else
struct stat st;
# ifndef _WIN32
ret = stat(filename, &st);
# else
ret = win32_stat(filename, &st);
# endif
if (ret < 0)
return AVERROR(errno);
ret |= st.st_mode&S_IRUSR ? mask&AVIO_FLAG_READ : 0;
ret |= st.st_mode&S_IWUSR ? mask&AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : 0;
#endif
}
return ret;
}
static int file_open(URLContext *h, const char *filename, int flags)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int access;
int fd;
struct stat st;
av_strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);
if (flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE && flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ) {
access = O_CREAT | O_RDWR;
if (c->trunc)
access |= O_TRUNC;
} else if (flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) {
access = O_CREAT | O_WRONLY;
if (c->trunc)
access |= O_TRUNC;
} else {
access = O_RDONLY;
}
#ifdef O_BINARY
access |= O_BINARY;
#endif
fd = avpriv_open(filename, access, 0666);
if (fd == -1)
return AVERROR(errno);
c->fd = fd;
h->is_streamed = !fstat(fd, &st) && S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode);
/* Buffer writes more than the default 32k to improve throughput especially
* with networked file systems */
if (!h->is_streamed && flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)
h->min_packet_size = h->max_packet_size = 262144;
if (c->seekable >= 0)
h->is_streamed = !c->seekable;
return 0;
}
/* XXX: use llseek */
static int64_t file_seek(URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int64_t ret;
if (whence == AVSEEK_SIZE) {
struct stat st;
ret = fstat(c->fd, &st);
return ret < 0 ? AVERROR(errno) : (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? 0 : st.st_size);
}
ret = lseek(c->fd, pos, whence);
return ret < 0 ? AVERROR(errno) : ret;
}
static int file_close(URLContext *h)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
return close(c->fd);
}
———————————————— 版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「雷霄骅」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。 原文链接：blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1…
