Room简单使用
Room是一个持久性数据库,Room持久层库在SQLite上提供了一个抽象层,以便充分利用SQLite的强大功能同时,能够流畅地访问数据库,具有以下优势:
- 针对SQL查询的编译时验证
- 可最大限度减少重复和容易出错的样板代码的方便注解
- 简化了数据库迁移路径
Room的三个部分
- 数据库:用于保存数据库,并作为应用持久性数据底层连接的主要访问
- 数据实体:用于表示数据库中的表
- 数据访问对象(DAO):用于增删改查的数据方法
添加依赖
dependencies {
def room_version = "2.4.2"
implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version"
annotationProcessor "androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version"
// optional - RxJava2 support for Room
implementation "androidx.room:room-rxjava2:$room_version"
// optional - RxJava3 support for Room
implementation "androidx.room:room-rxjava3:$room_version"
// optional - Guava support for Room, including Optional and ListenableFuture
implementation "androidx.room:room-guava:$room_version"
// optional - Test helpers
testImplementation "androidx.room:room-testing:$room_version"
// optional - Paging 3 Integration
implementation "androidx.room:room-paging:2.5.0-alpha01"
}
创建数据实体-即数据表
- @Entity(tableName = "表名"):设置表名
- @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = false):当设置为true,让sqlite生成唯一的ID(即添加一个主键)
- @Entity(primaryKeys = {"username", "age"}):添加多个主键
- @Ignore:忽略某个字段
//指定表名,默认情况下表名为类的名字,可使用tableName指定表名
@Entity
public class User {
//指定id为主键,并自增
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
public int id;
//表示这个字段为一列,默认情况下类名为列名,也可以使用name属性指定列名
@ColumnInfo(name = "username")
public String username;
@ColumnInfo(name = "age")
public int age;
//忽略这个字段
@Ignore
Bitmap image;
}
注意:SQLite的表名和列名不区分大小写
创建数据访问对象(DAO)-即访问数据库的方法
- @DAO:指定数据访问对象
- @Insert:插入数据
- @Delete:删除数据
- @Update:更新数据
- @Query:查询数据
//指定数据访问对象DAO
@Dao
public interface UserDao {
//插入数据
@Insert
void insert(User user);
//删除数据
@Delete
void delete(User user);
//更新数据
@Update
void update(User user);
//获取所有用户数据
@Query("select * from user")
List<User> getUserAll();
//查找指定的数据
@Query("select * from user where username = :username and age = :age")
List<User> getUserInfo(String username, int age);
}
创建数据库类
//指定数据实体类和版本号
@Database(entities = {User.class}, version = 1)
public abstract class AppDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
//提供返回一个数据访问对象的方法
public abstract UserDao userDao();
}
创建并使用
AppDatabase database = Room.databaseBuilder(getApplicationContext(), AppDatabase.class, "test.db").build();
UserDao userDao = database.userDao();
List<User> userDataAll = userDao.getUserAll();
for (User user : userDataAll) {
Log.e("TAG", "id: " + user.id);
Log.e("TAG", "username: " + user.username);
Log.e("TAG", "age: " + user.age);
}
案例实现
布局实现
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:orientation="vertical">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/insert_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入插入的名字"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/insert_age"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入插入的年龄"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/insert_value"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="插入数据"/>
</LinearLayout>
<Button
android:id="@+id/select_value"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="查询数据"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/delete_id"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入删除的id"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/delete_value"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="删除数据"/>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<EditText
android:id="@+id/update_id"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入修改的id"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/update_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入修改的名字"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/update_age"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="请输入修改的年龄"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/update_value"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="删除数据"/>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
实体类实现
@Entity
public class User {
@PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
public int id;
@ColumnInfo(name = "name")
public String name;
@ColumnInfo(name = "age")
public int age;
}
数据访问对象实现
@Database(entities = {User.class}, version = 1)
public abstract class MyDataBase extends RoomDatabase {
public abstract UserDao userDao();
}
数据库实现
//指定数据实体类和版本号
@Database(entities = {User.class}, version = 1)
public abstract class AppDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
//提供返回一个数据访问对象的方法
public abstract UserDao userDao();
}
功能代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private EditText insertName, insertAge;
private Button insertVal;
private Button selectVal;
private EditText deleteId;
private Button deleteVal;
private EditText updateId, updateName, updateAge;
private Button updateVal;
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
}
private void initView(){
insertName = findViewById(R.id.insert_name);
insertAge = findViewById(R.id.insert_age);
insertVal = findViewById(R.id.insert_value);
selectVal = findViewById(R.id.select_value);
deleteId = findViewById(R.id.delete_id);
deleteVal = findViewById(R.id.delete_value);
updateId = findViewById(R.id.update_id);
updateName = findViewById(R.id.update_name);
updateAge = findViewById(R.id.update_age);
updateVal = findViewById(R.id.update_value);
insertVal.setOnClickListener(this);
selectVal.setOnClickListener(this);
deleteVal.setOnClickListener(this);
updateVal.setOnClickListener(this);
MyDataBase myDataBase = Room.databaseBuilder(getApplicationContext(), MyDataBase.class, "MyDataBase.db").build();
userDao = myDataBase.userDao();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.insert_value:
setInsertVal();
break;
case R.id.select_value:
getSelectAll();
break;
case R.id.delete_value:
deletedVal();
break;
case R.id.update_value:
updateVal();
break;
}
}
private void setInsertVal(){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
String name = insertName.getText().toString();
int age = Integer.parseInt(insertAge.getText().toString());
User user = new User();
user.name = name;
user.age = age;
userDao.insertVal(user);
}
}).start();
}
private void getSelectAll(){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
List<User> userList = userDao.selectAll();
for (User user: userList) {
Log.e("LCXUANTEST", "ID:" + user.id + ", name:" + user.name + ", age:" + user.age);
}
}
}).start();
}
private void deletedVal(){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
int id = Integer.parseInt(deleteId.getText().toString());
User user = new User();
user.id = id;
userDao.deleteVal(user);
}
}).start();
}
private void updateVal(){
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
int id = Integer.parseInt(updateId.getText().toString());
String name = updateName.getText().toString();
int age = Integer.parseInt(updateAge.getText().toString());
User user = new User();
user.id = id;
user.name = name;
user.age = age;
userDao.updateVal(user);
}
}).start();
}
}