说明
github:github.com/mxAge18/not… 个人网站:www.invokerx.com/2022/03/15/…
几种常用redis命令操作学习记录
- string
- list
- set
- hash
- zset
其他类型
- geospatial
- bitmaps
- hyperloglog
当前说明string list常用命令
正文
一、String
String 类型的常用场景：
- 计数器
- 统计多单位的数量 (set userId:xxxx:article_number 0)
- 粉丝数
- 对象缓存存储 （setex)
基本操作：set get append strlen
-
set 设置缓存
set key value [EX seconds] [PX milliseconds] [NX|XX] -
get 返回缓存数据的value
-
append 向key对应的value进行append操作
- append时，如果指定key不存在，创建一个新key（功能就跟set类似了）
-
strlen返回指定key的value的长度
###############################################################################################
127.0.0.1:6379> set redis_test_string_1 xuexiredis #set a string key-value value is "xuexiredis"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_test_string_1 #get a key's value
"xuexiredis"
127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND redis_test_string_1 _append_string #append string to string type key value data
(integer) 24
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_test_string_1 #get a key's value after append
"xuexiredis_append_string"
127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND redis_test_string_2 append_not_exist_string #append string to an non-exist key, equal set new key
(integer) 23
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_test_string_2
"append_not_exist_string"
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen redis_test_string_2 # strlen, return the string's length
(integer) 23
127.0.0.1:6379>
#########################################################################
计数器：incr decr incrby decrby
计数相关操作 incr decr是增加1 或减少1
incrby decrby 用法：incrby｜decrby key increment/decrement 可设定增减的步长
######################
# incr
# decr
# incrby
# decrby
127.0.0.1:6379> set redis_test_views 0 #counter increase and decrease;"incr" and "decr" Step lengths is 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_test_views
"0"
127.0.0.1:6379> incr redis_test_views
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr redis_test_views
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> decr redis_test_views
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby redis_test_views 100 #"incrby" and "decrby" Step lengths can be set
(integer) 101
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby redis_test_views 20 #"incrby"/"decrby" key increment/decrement
(integer) 81
127.0.0.1:6379>
############################################################################
截取value：getrange setrange
getrange 获取字符串指定索引范围内的字符：对not set 的key返回 ""
setrange 对指定范围内的字符进行替换
######################
# GETRANGE
# SETRANGE
127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE key start end # Intercept string
127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE redis_test_string_1 0 1 # "redis_test_string_1" is "xuexiredis"
"xu"
127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE redis_test_string_1 0 -1
"xuexiredis_append_string"
127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE key offset value #Replace string with new string
127.0.0.1:6379> setrange redis_test_string_1 0 tihuan # xuexiredis_append_string
(integer) 24
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_test_string_1 # tihuanedis_append_string
"tihuanedis_append_string"
127.0.0.1:6379> setrange redis_test_string_1 20 tihuan
(integer) 26
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_test_string_1
"ttihuandis_append_sttihuan"
127.0.0.1:6379> setrange redis_test_string_1 27 haha #offset + replacment string > strlen
(integer) 31
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_test_string_1 #offset > strlen
"ttihuandis_append_sttihuan\x00haha"
###############################################################################################
过期时间 setex setnx
setex (set with expire)
setnx (set if not exist)
127.0.0.1:6379> setex key seconds value
127.0.0.1:6379> setex redis_ttl_30 30 setttl_is_30s
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl redis_ttl_30
(integer) 19
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl redis_ttl_30
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl redis_ttl_30
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis_ttl_30
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx key3 "redis is remote dic service"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx key3 "mongo db"
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get key3
"redis is remote dic service"
127.0.0.1:6379>
#########################################################################
多个key操作：mset mget msetnx
######################
127.0.0.1:6379> select 2
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3 # multi set key value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> mset k1 v11 k4 v4 # multi set exist key will rewrite the value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> keys *
1) "k3"
2) "k4"
3) "k2"
4) "k1"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> mget k1 k2 k3 k4
1) "v11"
2) "v2"
3) "v3"
4) "v4"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> msetnx k1 v111 k5 v5 # multi set exist key will not success 原子性操作
OK
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> keys *
1) "k3"
2) "k4"
3) "k2"
4) "k1"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> mget k1 k2 k3 k4
1) "v11"
2) "v2"
3) "v3"
4) "v4"
# object set
# set an key with attribute instead of use json, more effective
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> set user:1 {name:maxu,age:20}
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> get user:1
"{name:maxu,age:20}"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> mset user:1:name maxu user:1:age 20
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> mget user:1:name user:1:age
1) "maxu"
2) "20"
#########################################################################
获取后更新 getset
获取key的旧value后设置成新value
一开始key不存在返回nil并设置新值
######################
# getset
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> getset user:1:name nancy
"maxu"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> get user:1:name
"nancy"
二、List
用来实现栈 队列 阻塞队列
- 实际上是一个链表 left Node right; left right都可以插入 删除
- 如果不存在进行新建链表
- 移除了所有值，空链表
- 在两边插入或者删除效率高。
lpush rpush
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpush key value [value ...]
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> rpush key value [value ...]
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange key start stop
#########################################################################
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpush list one two three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 1
1) "three"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> rpush list rightval
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
4) "rightval"
lrange
lrange返回list内指定索引范围的values（只是扫描返回数据，不是出栈操作，list内的数据不改变）
lpop rpop
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpop key
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> rpop key
#########################################################################
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
4) "rightval"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpop list
"three"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"
3) "rightval"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> rpop list
"rightval"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"
lindex
根据index获取list内的value
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lindex key index
#########################################################################
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lindex list 1
"one"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lindex list 0
"two"
llen
list的长度
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> llen key
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> llen list
(integer) 2
lrem
批量从list中remove若干个value
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrem key count value
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpush one two three four three four five
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange one 0 -1
1) "five"
2) "four"
3) "three"
4) "four"
5) "three"
6) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrem one 1 three # remove from left , remove 1 element which val = "three"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange one 0 -1
1) "five"
2) "four"
3) "four"
4) "three"
5) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> flushdb
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpush one two three four three four five
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange one 0 -1
1) "five"
2) "four"
3) "three"
4) "four"
5) "three"
6) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrem one -1 three # remove from right , remove 1 element which val = "three"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange one 0 -1
1) "five"
2) "four"
3) "three"
4) "four"
5) "two"
ltrim
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> ltrim key start stop
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> rpush mylist "one" "two" "three"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "two"
3) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> ltrim mylist 0 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "two"
rpop lpush
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> rpoplpush source destination
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> rpoplpush mylist yourlist
"two"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange yourlist 0 -1
1) "two"
lset
lset replace list type data, index's value
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> exists testlist
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lset testlist 0 item
(error) ERR no such key
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpush testlist first_val
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> exists testlist
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lset testlist 0 item
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange testlist 0 -1
1) "item"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lset testlist 1 other
(error) ERR index out of range
linsert
用于在列表的元素前或者后插入元素。当指定元素不存在于列表中时，不执行任何操作。
当列表不存在时，被视为空列表，不执行任何操作。
如果 key 不是列表类型，返回一个错误。
redis> linsert key BEFORE|AFTER pivot value
# 将值 value 插入到列表 key 当中，位于值 pivot 之前或之后。
问题：list中存在重复值时想要insert元素到redis，防止重复插入可使用linsert
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpush mylist "hello" "world"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "world"
2) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> linsert mylist before "hello" mid
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "world"
2) "mid"
3) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]>
# 问题：如果list中存在多个重复值怎么办 : 最左的第一个匹配的值进行插入
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lpush mylist hello
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "world"
3) "mid"
4) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> linsert mylist before "hello" mid2
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "mid2"
2) "hello"
3) "world"
4) "mid"
5) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> linsert mylist after "hello" mid2
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "mid2"
2) "hello"
3) "mid2"
4) "world"
5) "mid"
6) "hello"
