Ansible模块

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介绍Ansible的一些模块（持续更新）

copy ---从本地或远程计算机复制文件到远程计算机

案例

本地文件复制到远程主机

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/test dest=/ansible"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "c6085ba4f6e3f8a10e134285441ff9d12647da46", 
    "dest": "/ansible/test", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "22d9ae3f5798594408d8537b8d5ca3cd", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
    "size": 15, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1646980002.84-1570-59951029648924/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@agent ansible]# ls
test

当src为目录且不以/结尾，那么文件本身也被复制到远程主机上。

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/test_dir dest=/ansible"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/ansible/", 
    "src": "/etc/ansible/test_dir"
}

[root@agent ansible]# tree
.
├── test
└── test_dir
    ├── 1.txt
    ├── 2.txt
    └── 3.txt

当src为目录并且以/结尾，那么只会将src目录下的文件复制到dest目录中。

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/test_dir/ dest=/ansible"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/ansible/", 
    "src": "/etc/ansible/test_dir/"
}

[root@agent ansible]# tree
.
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── 3.txt
└── test

当src为一个目录时，dest必须也是一个目录，否则报错。

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/test_dir/ dest=/ansible/test"
192.168.10.135 | FAILED! => {
    "msg": "Failed to get information on remote file (/ansible/test/1.txt): Not a directory"
}

当dest文件/目录不存在时，远程主机自动创建。

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/test dest=/ansible/"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "c6085ba4f6e3f8a10e134285441ff9d12647da46", 
    "dest": "/ansible/test", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "22d9ae3f5798594408d8537b8d5ca3cd", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
    "size": 15, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1646989026.56-2061-185632474691347/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

在远程复制文件时，修改文件的权限以及所属信息。

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/test_dir/ dest=/ansible/wh owner=wh group=wh mode=777"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/ansible/wh/", 
    "src": "/etc/ansible/test_dir/"
}

[root@agent wh]# ll
total 0
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 wh wh 0 Mar 13 23:16 1.txt
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 wh wh 0 Mar 13 23:16 2.txt
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 wh wh 0 Mar 13 23:16 3.txt

content替代src，在远程主机上创建文件并输入content内容。

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "content='whwh' dest=/ansible/wh/test_txt"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "5459263fd657f6fd44579cbe32757af70d43b2fd", 
    "dest": "/ansible/wh/test_txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "f03ca53b0d734cfda168456451080d52", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
    "size": 4, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1647228225.64-1973-2873745411266/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@agent wh]# ls
1.txt  2.txt  3.txt  test_txt
[root@agent wh]# cat test_txt 
whwh

复制时，备份远程主机文件

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/test dest=/ansible/test backup=yes"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "backup_file": "/ansible/test.2744.2022-03-13@23:27:52~", 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "2c9f512bcb3b797456ed1255fbbe471d8f1971c8", 
    "dest": "/ansible/test", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "02cea806a7e4bc4615062420e5e45a60", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
    "size": 19, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1647228471.72-2042-42449986313640/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

[root@agent ansible]# ls
test  test.2744.2022-03-13@23:27:52~  test_dir

file--设置远程主机文件属性

案例

修改远程主机文件属性

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m file -a "dest=/ansible/wh owner=wh"
192.168.10.135 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "wh", 
    "path": "/ansible/wh", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0", 
    "size": 61, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 1000
}

[root@agent ansible]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19 Mar 13 23:27 test
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15 Mar 11 03:57 test.2744.2022-03-13@23:27:52~
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 45 Mar 11 03:58 test_dir
drwxr-xr-x. 2 wh   root 61 Mar 13 23:23 wh

state参数

删除文件

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m file -a "dest=/ansible/test state=absent"

创建文件

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m file -a "dest=/ansible/test state=directory"

查看文件是否存在

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m file -a "dest=/ansible/test state=file"

创建软连接

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m file -a "src=/ansible/link dest=/ansible/link_links state=link"

其中dest可自动创建文件，如源文件存在，则不可创建

创建硬链接

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m file -a "src=/ansible/test dest=/ansible/hard_link state=hard"

创建文件

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m file -a "dest=/ansible/test123 state=touch"

yum--安装卸载软件

安装iotop

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m yum -a "name=iotop state=installed"

卸载iotop

ansible 192.168.10.135 -m yum -a "name=iotop state=absent"

service---管理服务器的状态

关闭服务

[root@bogon ansible]# ansible 192.168.10.135 -m service -a "name=firewalld state=stopped"
state说明
stopped关闭
started开启
reloaded重载
restarted重启
enable说明
yes开机自启动
no开机不自启
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