- 练习题目来自:leetcode-cn.com/
组合两个表
表1: Person
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId | int |
| FirstName | varchar |
| LastName | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId 是上表主键
表2: Address
+-------------+---------+
| 列名 | 类型 |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId | int |
| PersonId | int |
| City | varchar |
| State | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId 是上表主键
编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息:
FirstName, LastName, City, State
- SQL:
-
select p.FirstName, p.LastName, a.City, a.State from Person p left join Address a on p.PersonId = a.PersonId
-
组合两个表
编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null。
+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200 |
+---------------------+
- SQL:
-
select ifnull( (select distinct Salary from Employee order by Salary DESC limit 1,1), null ) SecondHighestSalary
-
第N高的薪水
编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第 n 高的薪水(Salary)。
+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1 | 100 |
| 2 | 200 |
| 3 | 300 |
+----+--------+
例如上述 Employee 表,n = 2 时,应返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 n 高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null。
+------------------------+
| getNthHighestSalary(2) |
+------------------------+
| 200 |
+------------------------+
-
自定义函数
- 语法格式如下:
-
CREATE FUNCTION <函数名> ( [ <参数1> <类型1> [ , <参数2> <类型2>] ] … ) RETURNS <类型> <函数主体>
-
- 语法说明如下:
- <函数名>:指定自定义函数的名称。注意,自定义函数不能与存储过程具有相同的名称。
- <参数><类型>:用于指定自定义函数的参数。这里的参数只有名称和类型,不能指定关键字 IN、OUT 和 INOUT。
- RETURNS<类型>:用于声明自定义函数返回值的数据类型。其中,<类型>用于指定返回值的数据类型。
- <函数主体>:自定义函数的主体部分,也称函数体。所有在存储过程中使用的 SQL 语句在自定义函数中同样适用,包括前面所介绍的局部变量、SET 语句、流程控制语句、游标等。除此之外,自定义函数体还必须包含一个 RETURN<值> 语句,其中<值>用于指定自定义函数的返回值。
- 语法格式如下:
-
SQL:
-
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT BEGIN SET N = N-1; IF N < 0 THEN RETURN NULL; ELSE RETURN ( SELECT IFNULL( (SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC LIMIT N, 1 ), NULL) getNthHighestSalary ); END IF; END
-
分数排名
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。
如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1 | 3.50 |
| 2 | 3.65 |
| 3 | 4.00 |
| 4 | 3.85 |
| 5 | 4.00 |
| 6 | 3.65 |
+----+-------+
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 4.00 | 1 |
| 3.85 | 2 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.65 | 3 |
| 3.50 | 4 |
+-------+------+
重要提示: 对于 MySQL 解决方案,如果要转义用作列名的保留字,可以在关键字之前和之后使用撇号。例如 Rank
- SQL1:
- 获取rank:每次select搜索出的score,把重复的分数去掉,可以在另外一个子句中查找比这个score大或者相等的score的个数,作为这个score的排名。
-
select t.Score, (select count(distinct Score) from Scores where Score >= t.Score ) `Rank` from (select Score from Scores order by Score DESC) t
- SQL2:
-
select Score, (dense_rank() over(order by Score DESC)) `Rank` from Scores
-
连续出现的数字
表:Logs
+-------------+---------+
| Column Name | Type |
+-------------+---------+
| id | int |
| num | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
id 是这个表的主键。
编写一个 SQL 查询,查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。
返回的结果表中的数据可以按 任意顺序 排列。
查询结果格式如下面的例子所示:
Logs 表:
+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 2 |
| 5 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 |
| 7 | 2 |
+----+-----+
Result 表:
+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------+
1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。
- SQL1:
-
select distinct l1.Num ConsecutiveNums from Logs l1, Logs l2, Logs l3 where l1.Id = l2.Id - 1 and l2.Id = l3.Id - 1 and l1.Num=l2.Num and l2.Num=l3.Num
-
- SQL2:
-
select distinct a.num from logs a left join logs b on a.id = b.id + 1 left join logs c on a.id = c.id + 2 where a.num = b.num and a.num = c.num
-
- SQL3:
-
select distinct t.num as ConsecutiveNums from (select id, num, lag(id, 2, null) over(partition by num order by id) as pre from Logs) t where t.id = t.pre + 2
-
- SQL4:
-
select distinct num as ConsecutiveNums from (select num, lag(num, 1, null) over (order by id) lag_num, lead(num, 1, null) over (order by id) lead_num from logs) l where l.Num = l.lag_num and l.Num = l.lead_num
-
超过经理收入的员工
Employee 表包含所有员工,他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id,此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 3 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 4 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | NULL |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | NULL |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
给定 Employee 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中,Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。
+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe |
+----------+
- SQL1:
-
select Name Employee from Employee t where Salary > (select Salary from Employee where Id = t.ManagerId)
-
- SQL2:
-
select a.Name Employee from employee a, employee b where a.ManagerId = b.Id and a.Salary > b.Salary
-
- SQL3:
-
select a.Name Employee from employee a join employee b WHERE a.ManagerId = b.Id and a.Salary > b.Salary
-
查找重复的电子邮箱
编写一个 SQL 查询,查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。
示例:
+----+---------+
| Id | Email |
+----+---------+
| 1 | a@b.com |
| 2 | c@d.com |
| 3 | a@b.com |
+----+---------+
根据以上输入,你的查询应返回以下结果:
+---------+
| Email |
+---------+
| a@b.com |
+---------+
说明: 所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。
- SQL1:
-
select t.Email from (select Email, count(Email) as c from Person group by Email) t where t.c > 1
-
- SQL2:
-
select Email from Person group by Email having count(Email) > 1
-
- SQL3:
-
select distinct a.Email from Person a, Person b where a.Email = b.Email and a.Id != b.Id
-
从不订购的客户
某网站包含两个表,Customers 表和 Orders 表。编写一个 SQL 查询,找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。
Customers 表:
+----+-------+
| Id | Name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | Joe |
| 2 | Henry |
| 3 | Sam |
| 4 | Max |
+----+-------+
Orders 表:
+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 1 |
+----+------------+
例如给定上述表格,你的查询应返回:
+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry |
| Max |
+-----------+
- SQL1:
-
select Name Customers from Customers where Id not in (select CustomerId from Orders)
-
- SQL2:
-
select c.Name Customers from Customers c left join Orders o on c.id = o.CustomerId where o.Id is null
-
部门工资最高的员工
Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
| 2 | Jim | 90000 | 1 |
| 3 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 4 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 5 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。对于上述表,您的 SQL 查询应返回以下行(行的顺序无关紧要)。
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Jim | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
解释: Max 和 Jim 在 IT 部门的工资都是最高的,Henry 在销售部的工资最高。
-
需要找出工资最高的所有值:(d.id,e.salary) in (select DepartmentId ,max(salary))
-
SQL1:
-
select d.name as Department, e.name as Employee, e.Salary Salary from Employee e join Department d on e.DepartmentId = d.Id where (e.DepartmentId, e.Salary) in (select DepartmentId, max(Salary) from Employee group by DepartmentId)
-
-
SQL2:
-
select d.name Department ,e.name Employee ,e.Salary Salary from Employee e, Department d where e.DepartmentId = d.id and (d.id, e.salary) in (select DepartmentId ,max(salary) from Employee group by DepartmentId)
-
部门工资前三高的所有员工
Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的工号 Id,姓名 Name,工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId 。
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1 | Joe | 85000 | 1 |
| 2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
| 3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
| 4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
| 5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
| 6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
| 7 | Will | 70000 | 1 |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。
+----+----------+
| Id | Name |
+----+----------+
| 1 | IT |
| 2 | Sales |
+----+----------+
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如,根据上述给定的表,查询结果应返回:
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| IT | Randy | 85000 |
| IT | Joe | 85000 |
| IT | Will | 70000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
| Sales | Sam | 60000 |
+------------+----------+--------+
解释: IT 部门中,Max 获得了最高的工资,Randy 和 Joe 都拿到了第二高的工资,Will 的工资排第三。销售部门(Sales)只有两名员工,Henry 的工资最高,Sam 的工资排第二。
- SQL1:
-
select d.name as Department, e.name as Employee, e.Salary Salary from Employee e join Department d on e.DepartmentId = d.Id where e.Id in (select t1.Id from Employee t1 left join Employee t2 on t1.DepartmentId = t2.DepartmentId and t1.Salary < t2.Salary group by t1.Id having count(distinct t2.Salary) <= 2) and e.DepartmentId in (select Id from Department) order by d.Id ASC, e.Salary DESC
-
- SQL2:
-
Select d.Name Department, e.Name Employee, e.Salary Salary from (Select * from (select *, (dense_rank() over (partition by DepartmentId order by Salary desc)) `rank` from Employee) t where `rank`<=3) e join Department d on e.DepartmentId = d.Id
-