准备工作

依赖三个npm包

npm i xlsx file-saver script-loader

依赖文件 (导出需要)

src下创建excel文件夹 Blob.js 和 Export2Excel.js

Bolb.js

/* eslint-disable */
/* Blob.js
 * A Blob implementation.
 * 2018-01-12
 *
 * By Eli Grey, http://eligrey.com
 * By Devin Samarin, https://github.com/dsamarin
 * License: MIT
 *   See https://github.com/eligrey/Blob.js/blob/master/LICENSE.md
 */

/* global self, unescape */
/* jslint bitwise: true, regexp: true, confusion: true, es5: true, vars: true, white: true,
  plusplus: true */

/*! @source http://purl.eligrey.com/github/Blob.js/blob/master/Blob.js */

(function (view) {
	"use strict";

	view.URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL;

	if (view.Blob && view.URL) {
		try {
			new Blob;
			return;
		} catch (e) { }
	}

	// Internally we use a BlobBuilder implementation to base Blob off of
	// in order to support older browsers that only have BlobBuilder
	var BlobBuilder = view.BlobBuilder || view.WebKitBlobBuilder || view.MozBlobBuilder || (function (view) {
		var
			get_class = function (object) {
				return Object.prototype.toString.call(object).match(/^\[object\s(.*)\]$/)[1];
			}
			, FakeBlobBuilder = function BlobBuilder () {
				this.data = [];
			}
			, FakeBlob = function Blob (data, type, encoding) {
				this.data = data;
				this.size = data.length;
				this.type = type;
				this.encoding = encoding;
			}
			, FBB_proto = FakeBlobBuilder.prototype
			, FB_proto = FakeBlob.prototype
			, FileReaderSync = view.FileReaderSync
			, FileException = function (type) {
				this.code = this[this.name = type];
			}
			, file_ex_codes = (
				"NOT_FOUND_ERR SECURITY_ERR ABORT_ERR NOT_READABLE_ERR ENCODING_ERR "
				+ "NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR INVALID_STATE_ERR SYNTAX_ERR"
			).split(" ")
			, file_ex_code = file_ex_codes.length
			, real_URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL || view
			, real_create_object_URL = real_URL.createObjectURL
			, real_revoke_object_URL = real_URL.revokeObjectURL
			, URL = real_URL
			, btoa = view.btoa
			, atob = view.atob

			, ArrayBuffer = view.ArrayBuffer
			, Uint8Array = view.Uint8Array

			, origin = /^[\w-]+:\/*\[?[\w\.:-]+\]?(?::[0-9]+)?/
			;
		FakeBlob.fake = FB_proto.fake = true;
		while (file_ex_code--) {
			FileException.prototype[file_ex_codes[file_ex_code]] = file_ex_code + 1;
		}
		// Polyfill URL
		if (!real_URL.createObjectURL) {
			URL = view.URL = function (uri) {
				var
					uri_info = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml", "a")
					, uri_origin
					;
				uri_info.href = uri;
				if (!("origin" in uri_info)) {
					if (uri_info.protocol.toLowerCase() === "data:") {
						uri_info.origin = null;
					} else {
						uri_origin = uri.match(origin);
						uri_info.origin = uri_origin && uri_origin[1];
					}
				}
				return uri_info;
			};
		}
		URL.createObjectURL = function (blob) {
			var
				type = blob.type
				, data_URI_header
				;
			if (type === null) {
				type = "application/octet-stream";
			}
			if (blob instanceof FakeBlob) {
				data_URI_header = "data:" + type;
				if (blob.encoding === "base64") {
					return data_URI_header + ";base64," + blob.data;
				} else if (blob.encoding === "URI") {
					return data_URI_header + "," + decodeURIComponent(blob.data);
				} if (btoa) {
					return data_URI_header + ";base64," + btoa(blob.data);
				} else {
					return data_URI_header + "," + encodeURIComponent(blob.data);
				}
			} else if (real_create_object_URL) {
				return real_create_object_URL.call(real_URL, blob);
			}
		};
		URL.revokeObjectURL = function (object_URL) {
			if (object_URL.substring(0, 5) !== "data:" && real_revoke_object_URL) {
				real_revoke_object_URL.call(real_URL, object_URL);
			}
		};
		FBB_proto.append = function (data/*, endings*/) {
			var bb = this.data;
			// decode data to a binary string
			if (Uint8Array && (data instanceof ArrayBuffer || data instanceof Uint8Array)) {
				var
					str = ""
					, buf = new Uint8Array(data)
					, i = 0
					, buf_len = buf.length
					;
				for (; i < buf_len; i++) {
					str += String.fromCharCode(buf[i]);
				}
				bb.push(str);
			} else if (get_class(data) === "Blob" || get_class(data) === "File") {
				if (FileReaderSync) {
					var fr = new FileReaderSync;
					bb.push(fr.readAsBinaryString(data));
				} else {
					// async FileReader won't work as BlobBuilder is sync
					throw new FileException("NOT_READABLE_ERR");
				}
			} else if (data instanceof FakeBlob) {
				if (data.encoding === "base64" && atob) {
					bb.push(atob(data.data));
				} else if (data.encoding === "URI") {
					bb.push(decodeURIComponent(data.data));
				} else if (data.encoding === "raw") {
					bb.push(data.data);
				}
			} else {
				if (typeof data !== "string") {
					data += ""; // convert unsupported types to strings
				}
				// decode UTF-16 to binary string
				bb.push(unescape(encodeURIComponent(data)));
			}
		};
		FBB_proto.getBlob = function (type) {
			if (!arguments.length) {
				type = null;
			}
			return new FakeBlob(this.data.join(""), type, "raw");
		};
		FBB_proto.toString = function () {
			return "[object BlobBuilder]";
		};
		FB_proto.slice = function (start, end, type) {
			var args = arguments.length;
			if (args < 3) {
				type = null;
			}
			return new FakeBlob(
				this.data.slice(start, args > 1 ? end : this.data.length)
				, type
				, this.encoding
			);
		};
		FB_proto.toString = function () {
			return "[object Blob]";
		};
		FB_proto.close = function () {
			this.size = 0;
			delete this.data;
		};
		return FakeBlobBuilder;
	}(view));

	view.Blob = function (blobParts, options) {
		var type = options ? (options.type || "") : "";
		var builder = new BlobBuilder();
		if (blobParts) {
			for (var i = 0, len = blobParts.length; i < len; i++) {
				if (Uint8Array && blobParts[i] instanceof Uint8Array) {
					builder.append(blobParts[i].buffer);
				}
				else {
					builder.append(blobParts[i]);
				}
			}
		}
		var blob = builder.getBlob(type);
		if (!blob.slice && blob.webkitSlice) {
			blob.slice = blob.webkitSlice;
		}
		return blob;
	};

	var getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf || function (object) {
		return object.__proto__;
	};
	view.Blob.prototype = getPrototypeOf(new view.Blob());
}(
	typeof self !== "undefined" && self
	|| typeof window !== "undefined" && window
	|| this
));

Export2Excel.js

/* eslint-disable */
require('script-loader!file-saver');
// require('script-loader!@/vendor/Blob');
require('./Blob');
require('script-loader!xlsx/dist/xlsx.core.min');
function generateArray (table) {
    var out = [];
    var rows = table.querySelectorAll('tr');
    var ranges = [];
    for (var R = 0; R < rows.length; ++R) {
        var outRow = [];
        var row = rows[R];
        var columns = row.querySelectorAll('td');
        for (var C = 0; C < columns.length; ++C) {
            var cell = columns[C];
            var colspan = cell.getAttribute('colspan');
            var rowspan = cell.getAttribute('rowspan');
            var cellValue = cell.innerText;
            if (cellValue !== "" && cellValue == +cellValue) cellValue = +cellValue;

            //Skip ranges
            ranges.forEach(function (range) {
                if (R >= range.s.r && R <= range.e.r && outRow.length >= range.s.c && outRow.length <= range.e.c) {
                    for (var i = 0; i <= range.e.c - range.s.c; ++i) outRow.push(null);
                }
            });

            //Handle Row Span
            if (rowspan || colspan) {
                rowspan = rowspan || 1;
                colspan = colspan || 1;
                ranges.push({ s: { r: R, c: outRow.length }, e: { r: R + rowspan - 1, c: outRow.length + colspan - 1 } });
            }
            ;

            //Handle Value
            outRow.push(cellValue !== "" ? cellValue : null);

            //Handle Colspan
            if (colspan) for (var k = 0; k < colspan - 1; ++k) outRow.push(null);
        }
        out.push(outRow);
    }
    return [out, ranges];
};

function datenum (v, date1904) {
    if (date1904) v += 1462;
    var epoch = Date.parse(v);
    return (epoch - new Date(Date.UTC(1899, 11, 30))) / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
}

function sheet_from_array_of_arrays (data, opts) {
    var ws = {};
    var range = { s: { c: 10000000, r: 10000000 }, e: { c: 0, r: 0 } };
    for (var R = 0; R != data.length; ++R) {
        for (var C = 0; C != data[R].length; ++C) {
            if (range.s.r > R) range.s.r = R;
            if (range.s.c > C) range.s.c = C;
            if (range.e.r < R) range.e.r = R;
            if (range.e.c < C) range.e.c = C;
            var cell = { v: data[R][C] };
            if (cell.v == null) continue;
            var cell_ref = XLSX.utils.encode_cell({ c: C, r: R });

            if (typeof cell.v === 'number') cell.t = 'n';
            else if (typeof cell.v === 'boolean') cell.t = 'b';
            else if (cell.v instanceof Date) {
                cell.t = 'n';
                cell.z = XLSX.SSF._table[14];
                cell.v = datenum(cell.v);
            }
            else cell.t = 's';

            ws[cell_ref] = cell;
        }
    }
    if (range.s.c < 10000000) ws['!ref'] = XLSX.utils.encode_range(range);
    return ws;
}

function Workbook () {
    if (!(this instanceof Workbook)) return new Workbook();
    this.SheetNames = [];
    this.Sheets = {};
}

function s2ab (s) {
    var buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length);
    var view = new Uint8Array(buf);
    for (var i = 0; i != s.length; ++i) view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF;
    return buf;
}

export function export_table_to_excel (id) {
    var theTable = document.getElementById(id);
    console.log('a')
    var oo = generateArray(theTable);
    var ranges = oo[1];

    /* original data */
    var data = oo[0];
    var ws_name = "SheetJS";
    console.log(data);

    var wb = new Workbook(), ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);

    /* add ranges to worksheet */
    // ws['!cols'] = ['apple', 'banan'];
    ws['!merges'] = ranges;

    /* add worksheet to workbook */
    wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
    wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;

    var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: 'xlsx', bookSST: false, type: 'binary' });

    saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], { type: "application/octet-stream" }), "test.xlsx")
}

function formatJson (jsonData) {
    console.log(jsonData)
}
export function export_json_to_excel (th, jsonData, defaultTitle) {

    /* original data */

    var data = jsonData;
    data.unshift(th);
    var ws_name = "SheetJS";

    var wb = new Workbook(), ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);


    /* add worksheet to workbook */
    wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
    wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;

    var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: 'xlsx', bookSST: false, type: 'binary' });
    var title = defaultTitle || '列表'
    saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], { type: "application/octet-stream" }), title + ".xlsx")
}

导出excel文件

 <template>
  <div class="hello">
    <el-button @click="outExe">导出</el-button>
  </div>
</template>
 
<script>
export default {
  data () {
    return {
      excelData: [
      { userId: 1, name: '小白', age: '18', status: "上学" },
      { userId: 2, name: '小黑', age: '22', status: "待业" },
      { userId: 3, name: '小红', age: '28', status: "就业" }
      ]
    };
  },
  methods: {
    // 导出确认框
    outExe () {
      this.$confirm("此操作将导出excel文件, 是否继续?", "提示", {
        confirmButtonText: "确定",
        cancelButtonText: "取消",
        type: "warning"
      })
        .then(() => {
          this.export2Excel();
        })
        .catch(() => { });
    },
    // 导出方法
    export2Excel () {
      const that = this;
      const tHeader = {
        "userId":"用户Id",
        "name":"姓名",
        "age":"年龄",
        "status":"身份",
      };
       // 按需导入
      import('@/excel/Export2Excel').then(async excel => {
        const dataArr = that.formatJson(Object.keys(tHeader),  that.excelData);
        // console.log(dataArr);
        // 配置导出文件格式以及数据  tHeader表头   dataArr数据  文件名字可用变量
        excel.export_json_to_excel(Object.values(tHeader), dataArr, `测试导出excel`);
      })
    },
    // 处理数据格式[[],[]]  
    formatJson (headerKeys, jsonData) {
     // return jsonData.map(v => Object.values(v)); // excel表头和数据顺序必须一致
      return jsonData.map(v => headerKeys.map(j => v[j])); // 跟定义的表头顺序保持一致
    }
  }
  
};
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>

导入excel (会过滤空值)

excel表中如果某一行的某一个单元格值为空那么当前行的数据会过滤掉这一项
ArrayBuffer读取文件

importExcel (fileObj) {
      console.log(fileObj) // 文件对象
      var reader = new FileReader()
      // 自动触发
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        console.log(reader.result); //ArrayBuffer对象
        let binary = "";
        const bytes = new Uint8Array(reader.result);
        for (let i = 0; i < bytes.byteLength; i++) {
          binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
        }
        const XLSX = require("xlsx");
        const wb = XLSX.read(binary, {
          type: "binary"
        });
        const outdata = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]]);
        console.log(outdata);
        console.log([...outdata]); // 数据
      };
      reader.readAsArrayBuffer(fileObj)
    },

二进制读取文件

// 不推荐  因为从 2012 年 7 月 12 日起，该方法已从 W3C 工作草案废除。
importExcel (fileObj) {
      console.log(fileObj)
      var reader = new FileReader()
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        console.log(reader.result); // 二进制字符串
        const XLSX = require("xlsx");
        const wb = XLSX.read(reader.result, {
          type: "binary"
        });
        const outdata = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]])
        console.log([...outdata]);
      };
      reader.readAsBinaryString(fileObj)
    },

导入excel (保留空字段)

importExcel (fileObj) {
      console.log(fileObj) // 文件对象
      var reader = new FileReader()
      // 自动触发
      reader.onload = function (e) {
        console.log(reader.result); //ArrayBuffer对象
        let binary = "";
        const bytes = new Uint8Array(reader.result);
        for (let i = 0; i < bytes.byteLength; i++) {
          binary += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
        }
        const XLSX = require("xlsx");
        const wb = XLSX.read(binary, {
          type: "binary"
        });
        const outdata = XLSX.utils.sheet_to_json(wb.Sheets[wb.SheetNames[0]],{ header: 1, defval: '' });  // defval 空值给的默认值
        let data = [...outdata]
       const keyData = data.splice(0, 1)[0]
        const excelData = data.map(row => {
          return row.reduce((obj, item, i) => {
            obj[keyData[i]] = item
            return obj
          }, {})
        })
        console.log(excelData);
      };
      
      reader.readAsArrayBuffer(fileObj)
    },

导出进阶

合并单元格, 设置单元格宽高

替换 Export2Excel.js 中的 export_json_to_excel 函数

export function export_json_to_excel (th, jsonData, defaultTitle, config) {
    /* original data */

    var data = jsonData;
    data.unshift(th);
    var ws_name = "SheetJS";

    var wb = new Workbook(), ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);
    // 合并单元格
    if (config.merges && config.merges.length > 0) {
        if (!ws['!merges']) ws['!merges'] = [];
        config.merges.forEach(item => {
            ws['!merges'].push(XLSX.utils.decode_range(item))
        })
    }
    // 单元格宽度
    if (config.cols) {
        ws["!cols"] = config.cols
    }
    // 单元格高度
    if (config.rows) {
        ws["!rows"] = config.rows
    }
    /* add worksheet to workbook */
    wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
    wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;

    var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: 'xlsx', bookSST: false, type: 'binary' });
    var title = defaultTitle || '列表'
    saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], { type: "application/octet-stream" }), title + ".xlsx")
}

封装工具函数

// 导出Excel
export const exportExcel = (excelHead, excelData, fileName, config) => {
// '@/excel/Export2Excel.js' 具体路径请根据项目配置
  import('@/excel/Export2Excel.js').then(async excel => {
    excel.export_json_to_excel(excelHead, excelData, fileName, config)
    // 成功提示 这里使用的Element-ui
    // config.successMsg ? Message.success(config.successMsg) : Message.success('导出Excel成功')
    // 导出成功回调函数
    config.successCallback && config.successCallback()
  }).catch(() => {
    // 失败提示
    config.errorMsg ? Message.error(config.errorMsg) : Message.error('导出失败')
    // 导出失败回调
    config.errorCallback && config.errorCallback()
  })
}

使用示例

 const excelHead = ['用户信息', '', '', '用户地址']
const excelData = [
    ['姓名', '年龄', '性别'],
    ['张三', '18', '男', '北京市'],
    ['小芳', '17', '女', '上海市']
]
const fileName = 'userInfo'
exportExcel(excelHead, excelData, fileName, {
    merges:['A1:C1'], // 需要合并的单元格
    cols: [{ wch: 10 }, { wch: 30 }, { wch: 10 }, { wch: 50 }], // 宽
    rows: [{ hpt: 25 }, { hpt: 25 }, { hpt: 25 }, { hpt: 25 }], // 高
    successMsg:'导出成功',
    successCallback:()=>{
        console.log('导入成功')
    }
})
// 合并单元格可以先导出普通的表格再根据合并需求设置 excelHead, excelData, 和 merges 格式
// 单元格内容居中有时间会研究 有大佬搞定的也可以分享  
// 也可以参考大佬的这个方案: https://juejin.cn/post/7044756905884909598#heading-6

导出效果

前端vue导入导出excel文件

准备工作

依赖三个npm包

依赖文件 (导出需要)

导出excel文件

导入excel (会过滤空值)

导入excel (保留空字段)

导出进阶