1 简介
公路在使用过程中会受到各种车辆的反复磨损以及各种其他因素影响，最终路面就会出现严重影响公路正常运行的破损。现行的主要路面破损检测方式是人工检测，这种检测方式不仅耗费大量的人力物力，而且速度极慢，严重影响了道路的检测维护进程。这些路面破损中主要以裂缝的形式表现，所以开发一套路面裂缝自动检测图像识别系统具有重要的理论意义和使用价值。 本文在数字图像处理技术的基础上对路面裂缝图像检测识别系统进行了研究。主要工作和结论如下: 1.本文首先分析了公路路面裂缝检测系统的结构、各种模块的选择以及工作原理，从硬件到软件设计了路面裂缝检测系统。硬件设备主要由检测装置平台、图像采集系统、图像处理系统、供电系统、照明系统组成。软件部分则是基于Matlab GUI的路面裂缝图像处理系统。并且经过多次实际路面裂缝检测试验，成功的验证了检测系统的设计思想和硬件选择的正确性。 2.依据公路路面裂缝图像数据的特点对裂缝进行了图像的增强平滑处理，然后此基础之使用6种边缘检测算子对路面裂缝特征进行了裂缝提取，进而在此基础上提出了8方向Sobel检测算子，并验证了8方向Sobel检测算法在对去除图像噪声改善路面裂缝图像质量方面有明显的效果。 3.应用了腐蚀、膨胀、细化等数学形态学处理方法对路面裂缝图像进行了处理，然后利用阈值判别法分辨出了线性裂缝和网状裂缝，在此基础上又利用投影法分辨出了横向裂缝和纵向裂缝，最后根据分类后的情况计算了网状裂缝的外接面积以及横向裂缝与纵向裂缝的长度，经验证对裂缝类型的判断准确率率可达到80%左右。
2 部分代码
function varargout = Gui_Main(varargin)
% GUI_MAIN M-file for Gui_Main.fig
% GUI_MAIN, by itself, creates a new GUI_MAIN or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = GUI_MAIN returns the handle to a new GUI_MAIN or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% GUI_MAIN('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in GUI_MAIN.M with the given input arguments.
%
% GUI_MAIN('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_MAIN or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before Gui_Main_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to Gui_Main_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help Gui_Main
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 29-Mar-2011 22:28:58
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @Gui_Main_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @Gui_Main_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before Gui_Main is made visible.
function Gui_Main_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to Gui_Main (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for Gui_Main
handles.output = hObject;
handles.Result = [];%定义结果变量
handles.File = [];%定义文件路径变量
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);%传递参数
clc; warning off all;%清除命令行，警告
InitAxes(handles);%初始化坐标轴
% UIWAIT makes Gui_Main wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = Gui_Main_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonOpenFile.
function pushbuttonOpenFile_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonOpenFile (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[filename, pathname] = uigetfile({'*.jpg;*.tif;*.png;*.gif;*.bmp','All Image Files';...
'*.*','All Files' },'载入图像',...
fullfile(pwd, 'images'));%选择打开文件
if isequal(filename, 0) || isequal(pathname, 0)
return;%如果文件没选中，重新选择
end
I = imread(fullfile(pathname, filename));%读取图像
Result = Process_Main(I);%进行图像处理
handles.File = fullfile(pathname, filename);%保存路径
handles.Result = Result;%保存结果
guidata(hObject, handles);%传递数据
InitAxes(handles)%初始化坐标轴
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonHisteq.
function pushbuttonHisteq_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonHisteq (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.hist); title('直方图均衡化图像');%图像显示
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonMedfilt.
function pushbuttonMedfilt_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonMedfilt (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Medfilt); title('中值滤波图像');%图像显示
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonBw.
function pushbuttonBw_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonBw (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Bw); title('二值图像');%图像显示
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonEnance.
function pushbuttonEnance_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonEnance (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Enance); title('增强图像');%图像显示
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonBwfilter.
function pushbuttonBwfilter_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonBwfilter (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Bw); title('二值图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值图像滤波');%图像显示
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonCrackRec.
function pushbuttonCrackRec_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonCrackRec (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.Bw); title('二值图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值图像滤波');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackRec); title('裂缝识别');%图像显示
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonCrackJudge.
function pushbuttonCrackJudge_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonCrackJudge (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值图像滤波');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.CrackRec); title('裂缝识别');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂缝判断');%图像显示
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonCrackLoc.
function pushbuttonCrackLoc_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonCrackLoc (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂缝图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title(handles.Result.str);%图像显示
axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂缝标记图像');%图像显示
hold on;
rectangle('Position', handles.Result.rect, 'EdgeColor', 'g', 'LineWidth', 2);%标记矩形框
hold off;
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonProject.
function pushbuttonProject_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonProject (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂缝图像');%图像显示
axes(handles.axes3); plot(1:size(handles.Result.Image, 1), handles.Result.Projectr);%画出行投影
title('行投影');
axes(handles.axes4); plot(1:size(handles.Result.Image, 2), handles.Result.Projectc);%画出列投影
title('列投影');
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonClose.
function pushbuttonClose_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonClose (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
choice = questdlg('确定退出?', ...
'退出', ...
'是','否','否');
switch choice
case '是'
close;
otherwise
return;
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonSaveResult.
function pushbuttonSaveResult_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonSaveResult (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
try
if ~isempty(handles.File)
raw = [];
xlsfile = fullfile(pwd, 'Result/result.xls');
if exist(xlsfile, 'file')
[num, txt, raw] = xlsread(xlsfile);
end
F = [];
F{1, 1} = '文件名';
F{1, 2} = '阈值信息';
F{1, 3} = '面积信息';
F{1, 4} = '长度信息';
F{1, 5} = '最大宽度信息';
F{1, 6} = '最小宽度信息';
F{1, 7} = '形状信息';
F{2, 1} = handles.File;
F{2, 2} = handles.Result.BwTh;
F{2, 3} = handles.Result.BwArea;
F{2, 4} = handles.Result.BwLength;
F{2, 5} = handles.Result.BwWidthMax;
F{2, 6} = max(handles.Result.BwWidthMin,0.01);
F{2, 7} = handles.Result.str;
F = [raw; F];
xlswrite(xlsfile, F);
msgbox('保存结果成功！', '信息提示框');
end
catch
msgbox('保存结果失败，请检查程序！', '信息提示框');
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonBridge.
function pushbuttonBridge_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonBridge (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.Result)
axes(handles.axes1); imshow(handles.Result.Image); title('原图像');
axes(handles.axes2); imshow(handles.Result.BwFilter); title('二值图像滤波');
axes(handles.axes3); imshow(handles.Result.CrackJudge); title('裂缝判断');
axes(handles.axes4); imshow(handles.Result.CrackBridge); title('裂缝拼接');
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonSaveImage.
function pushbuttonSaveImage_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonSaveImage (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[filename, pathname] = uiputfile({'*.jpg;*.tif;*.png;*.gif','All Image Files';...
'*.*','All Files' },'Save Image',...
fullfile(pwd, 'Result/result.png'));%选择图像保存路径
if ~isequal(filename, 0)
imwrite(handles.Result.BwEnd, fullfile(pathname, filename));%写出图像
msgbox('保存图像成功！', '信息提示框');%提示框
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbuttonDiplay.
function pushbuttonDiplay_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbuttonDiplay (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if ~isempty(handles.File)%图像信息是否为空
F = [];
F{1} = sprintf('文件名:%s', handles.File);
F{2} = sprintf('阈值信息%.2f', handles.Result.BwTh);
F{3} = sprintf('面积信息%.2f', handles.Result.BwArea);
F{4} = sprintf('长度信息%.2f', handles.Result.BwLength);
F{5} = sprintf('最大宽度信息%.2f', handles.Result.BwWidthMax);
F{6} = sprintf('最小宽度信息%.2f', max(handles.Result.BwWidthMin,0.01));
F{7} = sprintf('形状信息%s', handles.Result.str);
listdlg('PromptString', '参数显示:',...
'Name', '参数信息', ...
'ListSize', [300, 150], ...
'SelectionMode','single',...
'ListString', F);
end
3 仿真结果
4 参考文献
[1]董钦. 路面裂缝图像检测识别系统研究. (Doctoral dissertation, 华东交通大学).
部分理论引用网络文献，若有侵权联系博主删除。
5 MATLAB代码与数据下载地址
见博客主页
