从头建立一个SSM项目(一)配置文件详解

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通过博客记录ssm项目的搭建过程,主要计算项目搭建过程的逻辑、步骤以及实现。 第一篇主要是对ssm中的配置文件进行解析。

首先对项目进行一些介绍。本项目是搭建一个web网站,主要的功能是实现一个图书管理系统。主要包含的详细功能包括:登录注册功能、读者和管理者功能。

第一步:首先建立一个Maven项目,对pom.xml文件导入依赖:spring-context、aspectjweaver(切面)、spring-jdbc、spring-tx(事务控制)、spring-webmvc、servlet和jsp相关、Mybatis相关、单元测试以及jstl。

1644580254(1).png

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>mylibrary</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Spring相关的坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--servlet和jsp-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Mybatis相关-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

第二步:编写web.xml配置文件,首先在maven工程下建立webapp文件夹,在webapp文件夹下建立WEB-INF文件夹和index.jsp(作为主页),再在WEB-INF文件夹下建立jsp文件夹用来保存jsp页面,web.xml配置文件。

1644581133(1).png

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

    <!--spring监听器-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--springmvc的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--配置主页面为index.jsp-->
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <!-- 配置全局编码过滤器(POST) -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

第三步:在resources资源包下建立spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml、springmvc的配置文件spring-mvc.xml,以及jdbc配置文件。

applicationContext.xml实现以下几个功能: 1.扫描dao层和service层下的类,将上述两个包上的类注解自动转化为bean 2.读取jdbc配置文件,实现数据源 3.建立sqlSessionFactory工厂类 4.建立sqlSessionTemplate模板来管理sqlSession 5.配置事务管理器 TransactionManager

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描类包,将标注Spring注解的类自动转化为Bean,同时完成Bean的注入  -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.library.dao"/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.library.service"/>
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:jdbc.properties"/>
    <!--  定义一个使用DBCP实现的数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <!-- url -->
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <!-- 用户名 -->
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <!-- 密码 -->
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:config/mybatis/mapper/*"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="sqlSessionTemplate" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>


    <!-- 事务管理器 (JDBC) -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
          class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 启动声明式事务驱动 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

</beans>

spring-mvc.xml主要实现以下几个功能: 1.扫描Controller层注解 2.配置视图解析器,指明返回页面的位置(前缀+后缀)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd">

   <!-- 只需要扫描包中的 Controller 注解 -->
   <!-- 扫描web包,应用Spring的注解 -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.library.controller"/>

   <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
      <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
      <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
   </bean>

</beans>

第四步:在resources下建立mybatis.mapper文件夹,用来保存sql映射xml文件

配置文件写完后的完整目录如下图所示: 1644583111(1).png