介绍
JVM加载类是一个很严格的过程。相关可以参考类加载。
Spring是单例的，在加载过程中为保证类是唯一的，通过委派父级加载器加载类的方式来保证，不同的加载器加载同一个class文件也是不同的类。另一方面，让核心类由内置类加载器来加载可以一定程度上保护程序安全。
类的加载器选择为bootstrapClassLoader -> ExtClassLoader-> AppClassLoader -> CustomerClassLoader。
分析
When requested to find a class or resource, a <tt>ClassLoader</tt> instance will delegate the
search for the class or resource to its parent class loader before attempting to find the class
or resource itself. The virtual machine's built-in class loader, called the "bootstrap class loader",
does not itself have a parent but may serve as the parent of a <tt>ClassLoader</tt> instance.
以上节选自ClassLoader.java。大致意思是当加载一个类或者资源的时候，ClassLoader实例会试图使用其父级加载器来加载目标对象资源。JVM的内置类加载器称之为bootstrap class loader，它没有父级加载器但是可以作为其他类加载器的父级。
public Launcher() {
Launcher.ExtClassLoader var1;
try {
//创建ExtClassLoader 主要用来加载\ext下的扩展包
var1 = Launcher.ExtClassLoader.getExtClassLoader();
} catch (IOException var10) {
throw new InternalError("Could not create extension class loader", var10);
}
try {
//调用classLoader的方法设置父级加载器为var1[ExtClassLoader]
//主要用来加载第三方jar包资源
this.loader = Launcher.AppClassLoader.getAppClassLoader(var1);
} catch (IOException var9) {
throw new InternalError("Could not create application class loader", var9);
}
//设置容器类加载器 与ServiceLoader有关
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.loader);
String var2 = System.getProperty("java.security.manager");
if (var2 != null) {
SecurityManager var3 = null;
if (!"".equals(var2) && !"default".equals(var2)) {
try {
var3 = (SecurityManager)this.loader.loadClass(var2).newInstance();
} catch (IllegalAccessException var5) {
} catch (InstantiationException var6) {
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var7) {
} catch (ClassCastException var8) {
}
} else {
var3 = new SecurityManager();
}
if (var3 == null) {
throw new InternalError("Could not create SecurityManager: " + var2);
}
System.setSecurityManager(var3);
}
}
以上节选自Launcher.java。
加载类，首先委托父级加载器加载，最后选择BootstrapClassLoader。
protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
throws ClassNotFoundException
{
synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
// First, check if the class has already been loaded
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
if (parent != null) {
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
}
}
以上节选自ClassLoader.java。
SPI 打破双亲委派模式，使用ServiceLoader加载方式选择合适的实现方式。
private static void loadInitialDrivers() {
String drivers;
try {
drivers = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
public String run() {
return System.getProperty("jdbc.drivers");
}
});
} catch (Exception ex) {
drivers = null;
}
// If the driver is packaged as a Service Provider, load it.
// Get all the drivers through the classloader
// exposed as a java.sql.Driver.class service.
// ServiceLoader.load() replaces the sun.misc.Providers()
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
ServiceLoader<Driver> loadedDrivers = ServiceLoader.load(Driver.class);
/** ServiceLoader.java
public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service) {
ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
}
*/
Iterator<Driver> driversIterator = loadedDrivers.iterator();
/* Load these drivers, so that they can be instantiated.
* It may be the case that the driver class may not be there
* i.e. there may be a packaged driver with the service class
* as implementation of java.sql.Driver but the actual class
* may be missing. In that case a java.util.ServiceConfigurationError
* will be thrown at runtime by the VM trying to locate
* and load the service.
*
* Adding a try catch block to catch those runtime errors
* if driver not available in classpath but it's
* packaged as service and that service is there in classpath.
*/
try{
//重写了迭代器的方法 使用LazyIterator来加载服务
/*
* ServiceLoader(private class LazyIterator)
*/
while(driversIterator.hasNext()) {
driversIterator.next();
}
} catch(Throwable t) {
// Do nothing
}
return null;
}
});
println("DriverManager.initialize: jdbc.drivers = " + drivers);
if (drivers == null || drivers.equals("")) {
return;
}
String[] driversList = drivers.split(":");
println("number of Drivers:" + driversList.length);
for (String aDriver : driversList) {
try {
println("DriverManager.Initialize: loading " + aDriver);
Class.forName(aDriver, true,
ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
} catch (Exception ex) {
println("DriverManager.Initialize: load failed: " + ex);
}
}
}
以上节选自DriverManager.java。
LazyIterator加载服务
private boolean hasNextService() {
if (nextName != null) {
return true;
}
if (configs == null) {
try {
String fullName = PREFIX + service.getName();
if (loader == null)
configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
else
configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
} catch (IOException x) {
fail(service, "Error locating configuration files", x);
}
}
while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
return false;
}
pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement());
}
nextName = pending.next();
return true;
}
以上节选自ServiceLoader.java。
